• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.509-514
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• 1993

The experiment was conducted to determine the effect of different fiber levels on milk production of crossbred Holstein milking cows fed urea-treated rice straw (UTS) as a roughage. Eight cows were allotted into 2 squares of 4 cows each with 4 treatments by a balanced design. The treatments were 17%, 22%, and 24% crude fiber (CF) diets and Thai feeding system (free choice of roughage and 1 kg of concentrates/2 kg of milk) as a control. Body weight change was not significantly different among the treatments during the experiment. Milk production (4% FCM) and milk protein content wee not different among the treatments, but milk fat content was low in the 17% CF group and high in the control group. Cows fed the 17% CF diet consumed less UTS and more concentrates than the others, and consequently total DM intake was not different among the treatments. The feed conversion ratio was significantly higher in the control. Feed cost per kg milk was lowest in the control and highest in the 17% CF diet. The fiber content of the diet would be more than 17%, preferably 22-24% for normally producing Thai crossbred Holstein cows when the UTS was fed as a main roughage source.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.715-723
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• 2002

In recent yearn, eating habit that is not right causes disease the dietary fiber (DF) intakes of Korean decreases. Occurrence of chronic disease such as constipation increased gradually. This study was performed to investigate of high fiber standard recipes for one day including major source of DF such as vegetables, cereals and grain products, seaweeds, fruits, fungi and mushrooms, and legumes and products for improving constipation through dietary treatment. Nutrient analysis per person marked energy, protein, fat and DF content. The food of high I : S ratio (Insoluble fibers: Soluble fibers) are soybean sprout salad, rice gruel with vegetables, pan fried mushroom with vegetables. The food of low I:S ratio are fermented soybean paste stew, fried rice with kimchi, fruits salad with yogurt dressing and seasoned noodle with vegetables. The representative high fiber diet menu is rice gruel with vegetable, rice with radish and oyster, fermented soybean paste stew, kimchi stew, assorted soybean sprout salad, three kinds of pancake roll, pan fried mushroom with vegetables, fruits salad with yogurt dressing and seasoned noodle with vegetables. The menu developed in this study, contains fiber of at least 8.97 times of RDA and in point view of 1 day intake, that is similar to the scope of RDA, 20-25 g per day. This findings should be appliable to nutritional education and medical food for constipation. And also, the aim of study is constipation patients easily applicate that developed the food of high fiber using Korean common food. And the result of the study will be the basic data about clinical test of food developed in this study and the danger of high fiber diet. The representative high fiber diet menu is rice gruel with vegetable, rice with radish and oyster, fermented soybean paste stew, kimchi stew, assorted soybean sprout salad, three kinds of pancake roll, pan fried mushroom with vegetables, fruits salad with yoghurt dressing and seasoned noodle with vegetables. This findings should be applicable to nutritional education and medical food for constipation.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.1211-1216
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• 1998

The study was conducted to investigate the effect of cholesterol and fiber on serum lipid metabolism in rats. Male Sprague Dawley rats were administrated 1% cholesterol and 0.25% sodium cholate to induce hypercholesterolemia and were fed on diet containing three concentrations(0%, 5%, 10%) of cellulose and pectin, respectively. The rats were sacrified after 5 weeks of feeding periods. Serum triglyceride concentration was significantly decreased in proportion to level of fiber. Phospholipid concentration was more decreased in 10% fiber groups than 5% fiber groups but did not show any difference by fiber types. Free cholesterol and cholesteryl ester concentrations in serum were significantly decreased by fiber supplement and pectin was more effective than cellulose in cholesterol lowering effect. Whereas HDL cholesterol concentration and HDL C/TC were increased in proportion to level of fiber and the effect of pectin was not more significant than that of cellulose. Serum chylomicron cholesterol concentration also showed significant decrease by pectin supplement and LDL , VLDL cholesterol concentrations were more significantly decreased in 10% fiber groups than those of 5% fiber groups. The results indicate that 10% pectin may have beneficial roles in hypercholesterolemia.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.278-285
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• 1996

This experiments was conducted to determine the effect of dietary fiber(DF) levels with diets of isocaloric (3,010 kcal/1kg diet) and isoprotein(21% of diet) on colored brolier chicks(Juk jun hatchery farm). Four groups of 6 chicks 4 replication. were fed corn-soy meal diets containing 0% (DF, 5%), 2%(DF, 6%), 4%(DF, 7%), and 6%(DF, 8%) of dehydrated alfalfa meal(AM) from 21 to 42 days of age. The addition of dietary fiber levels to the broiler chicks diets did noty affect body weight, feed efficiency, energy efficiency and protein efficiency, but affect feed intake of chicks fed 6% of fiber. The level of fiber diets did not affect gizzard weight of female(1.45g/100g BW) and male(1.25g/100g BW), but affect small intestine length of female. When comparing two the dietary fiber levels, 5% and 8%, the contents of the total serum cholesterol was slightly higher in chicks fed 5% of fier than that of 8% without significant. However, total serum cholesterol levels of female(121mg/dl) and male(119mg/dl) were not influenced by increased dietary fiber levels. The liver weight was not influenced by increasing of dietary fiber levels (female 2.03g and male 2.05g/100g BW). The yields of dressed weight(72% of shrunk body weight), skin weight)11% of dressed weight) were not influenced by increased dietary fiber.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권11호
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• pp.1620-1632
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• 2017

Objective: This study evaluated the effects of a traditional Chinese medicine formula (TCMF) on muscle fiber characteristics in finishing pigs and the effects of the formula's extract (distilled water, ethyl acetate and petroleum ether extraction) on porcine cell proliferation and isoforms of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) gene expression in myocytes. Methods: In a completely randomized design, ninety pigs were assigned to three diets with five replications per treatment and six pigs per pen. The diets included the basal diet (control group), TCMF1 (basal diet+2.5 g/kg TCMF) and TCMF2 (basal diet+5 g/kg TCMF). The psoas major muscle was obtained from pigs at the end of the experiment. Muscle fiber characteristics in the psoas major muscle were analyzed using myosin ATPase staining. Cell proliferation was measured using 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) dye and cytometry. Isoforms of MyHC gene expression were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results: The final body weight and carcass weight of finishing pigs were increased by TCMF1 (p<0.05), while the psoas major muscle cross-sectional area was increased by TCMF (p<0.05). The cross-sectional area and diameter of psoas major muscle fiber Ι, IIA, and IIB were increased by TCMF2 (p<0.05). The cross-sectional area and fiber diameter of psoas major muscle fiber IIA and IIB were increased by diet supplementation with TCMF1 (p<0.05). Psoas major muscle fiber IIA and IIB fiber density from the pigs fed the TCMF1 diet and the type IIB fiber density from the pigs fed the TCMF2 diet were lower compared to pigs fed the control diet (p<0.05). Pigs fed TCMF2 had a higher composition of type Ι fiber and a lower percentage of type IIB fiber in the psoas major muscle (p<0.05). The expression levels of MyHC Ι, MyHC IIa, and MyHC IIx mRNA increased and the amount of MyHC IIb mRNA decreased in the psoas major muscle from TCMF2, whereas MyHC Ι and MyHC IIx mRNA increased in the psoas major muscle from TCMF1 (p<0.05). Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ${\gamma}$ $coactivator-1{\alpha}$ and CaN mRNA expression in the psoas major muscle were up-regulated by TCMF (p<0.05). Porcine skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation was promoted by $4{\mu}g/mL$ and $20{\mu}g/mL$ TCMF water extraction (p<0.05). Both $1{\mu}g/mL$ and $5{\mu}g/mL$ of TCMF water extraction increased MyHC IIa, MyHC IIb, and MyHC IIx mRNA expression in porcine myocytes (p<0.05), while MyHC Ι mRNA expression in porcine myocytes was decreased by $5{\mu}g/mL$ TCMF water extraction (p<0.05). Porcine myocyte MyHC Ι and MyHC IIx mRNA expression were increased, and MyHC IIa and MyHC IIb mRNA expression were down-regulated by $5{\mu}g/mL$ TCMF ethyl acetate extraction (p<0.05). MyHC Ι and MyHC IIa mRNA expression in porcine myocytes were increased, and the MyHC IIb mRNA expression was decreased by $1{\mu}g/mL$ TCMF ethyl acetate extraction (p<0.05). Four isoforms of MyHC mRNA expression in porcine myocytes were reduced by $5{\mu}g/mL$ TCMF petroleum ether extraction (p<0.05). MyHC IIa mRNA expression in porcine myocytes increased and MyHC IIb mRNA expression decreased by $1{\mu}g/mL$ in a TCMF petroleum ether extraction (p<0.05). Conclusion: These results indicated that TCMF amplified the psoas major muscle cross-sectional area through changing muscle fiber characteristics in finishing pigs. This effect was confirmed as TCMF extraction promoted porcine cell proliferation and affected isoforms of MyHC gene expression in myocytes.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제30권9호
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• pp.1055-1060
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential hypoglycemic effect of adlay diets when total fiber consumption was controlled in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Forty eight rats were fed for 3 weeks with either controlled in streptozotocin -induced diabetic rats. Forty eight rats were fed for 3 weeks with either control diets or experimental diets : raw mille adlay (RMA) raw whole adlay(RWA) , steamed milled adlay(SMA) or roasted mille adlay(OMA). The composition of the AIN-76 diet was modified to ensure the same composition of protein, carbohydrate , rat, and fiber between the control diet and experimental diets. The concentrations of glucose , insulin, glycogen, and protein in plasma, liver, or skeletal muscle were compared . Compared to diabetic control rats, plasma postprandial glucose levels tended to be decreased in RMA, RWA, SMA and OMA rats until the 2nd week, but no difference was shown at the 3 rd week. There was no significant difference in insulin levels among those groups. After glucose loading, the plasma glucose level of SMA was lower than that of diabetic control rats throughout 2 hrs. Liver glycogen was lower than control values in RMA and RWA rats and not different in SMA and OMA rats. The muscle protein level of RMA, RWA, SMA, and OMA rats tended to be lower than in diabetic control rats. There was no significant difference in muscle glycogen among groups. These results suggest that the hypoglycemic effect of an adlay diet is not significant when the amount of total fiber consumption is controlled.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.15-18
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• 1977

누에의 인공사료에 있어서 옥수수의 수병을 조직유원으로서 이용할 수 있지를 알기 위해서 옥수수의 수병을 함유한 인공사료가 누에의 성장에 미치는 영향을 조사하였던 바 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 옥수수의 수병을 함유한 인공사료는 누에의 섭식에 주는 나쁜 영향은 없는 것 같다. 2. 옥수수의 수병을 함유한 인공사료는 누에의 성장 및 견질에도 주는 나쁜 영향은 없는 것 같다. 3. 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때, 옥수수의 수병은 누에의 인공사료에 있어서 하나의 총섬유원으로 적당할 것 같다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.329-335
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• 1997

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary fiber(DF) levels on the meat quality in colored broiler. Colored broiler were fed on containing corn-soy basal diet(DF 5%) and high level(DF 6,7 and 8%) of dietary fiber diets for 7 weeks. Dietary fiber level of diet was make up by adding some alffalfa meal. Colored broiler meats were stored at 3$\circ$ for 24hr after skaughter, and used to analyze physico-chemical properties. Proximate component, pH, shear force value, myofibril fragmentation index, water holding capacity, cooking loss, protein extractability, fatty acid composition, Hunter's L, a value and palatability of cooked meat were not significantly affected by dietary fiber levels, whereas the Hunter's value of meat was significantly affected bty dietary fiber levels for the final period of feeding. Crude protein content, myofibril fragmentation index, water holding capacity, protein extractability and Hunter's b value of breast meat's were higher than thigh meat's, but crude fat content, pH, shear force value, cooking loss, palmitoleic acid, linolenic acid, and Hunter's a value were lower, regardless of dietary fiber level.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.107-115
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• 1998

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary fibers (cellulose ; polydextrose ; pectin ; ricebran) supplementation on the kidney fucntion of hyperlipidemic-induced rats on a high cholesterol diet (5% cholesterol). Serum lipid concentrations were not influenced by dietary fiber sources, but the pectin group was effective in reducing serum lipid levels. Total serum protein and albumin concentrations tended to higher in the polydextrose group, and serum creatinine and urea-N concentrations were higher in the pectin group than those in the other groups. Even though total urinary protein was high in the pectin group, GFR was reduced (18~30% decrease) as compared to other groups. The urea-N level was elevated in the polydextrose group as compared to that of cellulose group(25% increase). Total lipid, triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations in the liver of pectin group were lower than those of other groups. Total lipid and cholesterol concentrations in the kidneys were reduced in pectin and ricebran groups, respectively. The total cholesterol concentration infecal was significantly high in the polydextrose and pectin groups(p<0.05), and the triglyceride was highest in the pectin group. These results indicate no significant effects of dietary fiber supplementation on the kidney function of hyperlipidemic-induced rats on a high cholesterol diet, but pectin was very effective to improve lipid metabolism and to reduce GFR.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.286-295
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• 1996

The present study was conducted to evaluate the usefulness of four kinds of seaweeds (mixture of purple laver & sea lettuce, sea tangle, sea mustard, agar agar) as a high- fiber supplment in the therapeutic deit for the diabetic patients. Seven groups of normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were fed dietary fiber-free control diet or one of experimental diets containing 7% of one of the four seaweeds for 6 weeks. The effect of seaweeds supplementation on the body weight change, gastrointestinal function, and the control of diabetic symptoms were examined and compared with the effect of fiber-free diet or pectin diet used as references. The body weight gains of all the diabetic groups were significantly suppressed compared to the normal group. Feed efficiency ratios and body weight gains of seaweed groups were relatively higher than those of the pectin group. Sea tangle appeared to have an effect of alleviating the typical diabetic symptoms such as polyphasia, polydipsia, polyuria, urinary glucose excretion and hyperglycemia indicating its beneficial acition of improving glucose metabolism even though the degree of effectiveness was less than that with pectin. All the supplemntations of seaweeds and pectin ressulted in the significant changes in gastronitestinal functins ; shortening of GI transit time, increase of fecal volume and the length of intestine. Based on their effects of the significant changes in GI function in may be suggested that seaweeds may influence the process of digestion and absorption of nutrients in diabetic animals.