• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.70-77
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• 2008

목적 : 요로감염은 소아 발열의 흔한 원인이며 합병증으로 초래되는 신 반흔은 고혈압이나 만성신부전으로 진행할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 요로감염에 의한 발열지속기간이 신 반흔이나 방광요관역류 등 위험요소에 영향을 미치는지 알고자 하였다. 방법 : 2002년 3월부터 2007년 3월까지 소아 청소년과에 입원한 15세 미만 초진환자 중 1) 발열을 주소로 하고 2) 입원 전 발열 기간 및 항생제 사용의 정확한 병력을 알 수 있으며 3) 요로감염으로 처음 진단된 환아 143명을 대상으로 항생제 사용 전, 후 발열 지속기간에 따라 초기 신 결손 및 6개월 후 신 반흔 여부, CRP, 말초 혈액 백혈구, 방광요관역류 유무 등에 차이가 있는지 알아보았다. 결과 : 1) 항생제 사용 후 발열 지속기간이 길수록(P=0.014) 초기 신 결손은 증가하였다. 그러나 항생제 사용 전 발열기간은 상관이 없었다. 2) 항생제 사용 전(P=0.006)과 후(P=0.015)의 발열 지속기간이 길수록 신 반흔 발생은 증가하였다. 3) 항생제 사용 후 발열 지속기간이 길수록 CRP도 높았다(r=0.287, P=0.003). 4) 말초 혈액 백혈구 수 및 방광요관역류 및 등급은 항생제 사용 전, 후 발열 지속기간에 따라 차이를 보이지 않았다. 결론 : 소아 요로 감염에서 항생제 사용 전과 후의 발열 기간이 길어질수록 신 반흔의 위험이 증가한다. 그러므로 지속적인 열을 동반한 요로 감염 환아는 보다 적극적인 치료와 관찰이 요구된다.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.107-113
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• 2017

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the relationships between 99mTecnicium-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scan findings and clinical parameters including age and fever duration. Methods: The positive rates for abnormal DMSA scans were analyzed according to the age of patients, fever duration prior to admission, and total fever duration. DMSA scan findings were divided into 3 categories: single defect, multifocal defects, and discrepant defects. We evaluated the detection rates of vesicoureteral reflux according to DMSA scan lesions. Results: Among a total 320 cases, 141 (44.1%) had abnormal DMSA scans. The infant group (0-1 year of age) had a shorter total fever duration, and a lower C-reactive protein (CRP) value and DMSA positive rate (39.8% vs. 60.6%, P=0.002) compared to children group (2-15 years of age). Patients with abnormal scans had a longer total fever duration and higher CRP compared to those with normal scans. The positivity rate of abnormal scans did not differ between the patients with a short fever duration prior to admission of ${\leq}2$ days and those with longer fever duration of ${\geq}3$ days. However, patients with longer total fever duration had a higher rate of abnormal DMSA scans (P=0.02). Among cases with a single defect, multifocal defects, and discrepant defects, vesicoureteral reflux was observed in 22.4%, 60% and 70.6% of cases, respectively (P=0.004). Conclusion: Although DMSA scan has limitations in early diagnosis, DMSA scan findings may aid in the prediction of the severity of systemic inflammation and detection of vesicoureteral reflux.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제61권5호
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• pp.160-166
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• 2018

Purpose: This study aimed to analyse laboratory values according to fever duration, and evaluate the relationship across these values during the acute phase of Kawasaki disease (KD) to aid in the early diagnosis for early-presenting KD and incomplete KD patients. Methods: Clinical and laboratory data of patients with KD (n=615) were evaluated according to duration of fever at presentation, and were compared between patients with and without coronary artery lesions (CALs). For evaluation of the relationships across laboratory indices, patients with a fever duration of 5 days or 6 days were used (n=204). Results: The mean fever duration was $6.6{\pm}2.3days$, and the proportions of patients with CALs was 19.3% (n=114). C-reactive proteins (CRPs) and neutrophil differential values were highest and hemoglobin, albumin, and lymphocyte differential values were lowest in the 6-day group. Patients with CALs had longer total fever duration, higher CRP and neutrophil differential values and lower hemoglobin and albumin values compared to patients without CALs. CRP, albumin, neutrophil differential, and hemoglobin values at the peak inflammation stage of KD showed positive or negative correlations each other. Conclusion: The severity of systemic inflammation in KD was reflected in the laboratory values including CRP, neutrophil differential, albumin, and hemoglobin. Observing changes in these laboratory parameters by repeated examinations prior to the peak of inflammation in acute KD may aid in diagnosis of early-presenting KD patients.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.164-169
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness for infants of antifebrile therapy using a hypothermia blanket or rectal antipyretics following open heart surgery. Methods: This was a retrospective study and 174 infants who had open heart surgery at P University Hospital, and whose body temperature body temperature exceeded $37.2^{\circ}C$ were included in the study. The assessment tool was composed of 32 items was used for assessment of fever therapy, physiological indexes and antifebrile duration. Physiological indexes included systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, pH, $PaCO_2$, $PaO_2$, $HCO_3{^-}$, $SaO_2$, and $K^+$ and the antifebrile duration was minutes from having a fever until BT returned to normal levels. Results: The antifebrile duration with the hypothermia blanket was shorter than with rectal antipyretics. There were significant differences in the physiological indexes with either type of antifebrile therapy, but drop in BT was greater with the hypothermia blanket than rectal antipyretics. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that a hypothermia blanket is a non-invasive, non-drug and safe antifebrile therapy. Therefore, a hypothermia blanket can be applied to infants with a fever following open heart surgery.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.53-66
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• 2021

Objective The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether herbal bath shortens the duration of pediatric fever. Methods Databases, such as Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane library, OASIS, KISS, KMBASE, CNKI, Wanfang Med Online were used to search randomized controlled trials. Those trials that included children younger than 18-year-old were evaluated for the clinical efficacy of herbal bath in fever by analyzing 'body temperature (BT) drop start time' and 'time to return to normal BT'. Results 12 studies or 1306 participants were analyzed in the study. When applying herbal bath in combination with the controlled treatment, 'BT drop start time' was decreased by 0.11 hours, and 'time to return to normal BT' was decreased by 10.94 hours compared to the controlled group. When comparing herbal bath with tepid bath, 'time to return to normal BT' was reduced by 8.19 hours in herbal bath group. In regards to safety, 3 studies out of 12 studies mentioned about its adverse events: 2 studies did not have any adverse events, and a minor needle-shaped bleeding had occurred in one of the studies. Conclusion Use of herbal bath as a treatment of fever in children was associated with shortened duration of fever. However, cautious interpretation is necessary due to its limited safety data.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.56-63
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• 2005

목 적 : 요로 감염은 조기 진단 및 치료를 적절히 하지 않으면 비 가역적인 신 손상을 초래하기 쉽다. 신 반흔을 막기 위한 요로 감염의 적절한 치료 시작 시기와 소아의 첫 발열성 요로 감염에서 신 반흔 발생과 관련한 인자를 알아보았다. 방 법 : 2000년 4월부터 2004년 4월까지 첫번째 발열성 요로 감염으로 진단된 2세이하 환아163명을 대상으로 후향적으로 조사하였다. 요로감염 급성기에는 DMSA 신 스캔, 치료 후 VCUG을 시행하고 치료 6개월 후 추적 DMSA 신 스캔을 시행, 신 반흔 유무를 평가하였다. 치료 전 발열 기간, 치료 후의 발열 기간, 총 발열기간에 따라 각각 두 군으로 분류, 진단시와 6개월 후 추적 DMSA 신 스캔 소견을 비교 분석하였다. 또한 신 반흔 유무에 따라 신 반흔 형성군과 무형성군으로 분류하여 관련된 예측 인자와의 관계를 분석하였다. 결 과 : 치료 전 발열 기간이 24시간 이하 군에서 초기 DMSA 신 스캔의 이상 소견 빈도는 23%였고 이중 33%에서 신 반흔이 발생하였다. 24시간초과 그룹에서는 각각 43%, 38%였으나 군간 유의한 차이는 없었다. 치료시작 후 발열기간이 48시간 이하이며서 초기 DMSA 검사에서 이상을 보인 환아 중 34%에서 신 반흔이 생겼고, 치료 후 열이 48시간 이상 지속된 경우는 50%에서 신 반흔이 형성되어 두 군간 차이는 없었다. 총 발열 기간 72시간 이하인 환아군의 45%에서 신 피질 결손, 19%에서 신 반흔이 나타났고, 72시간 초과인 환아군에서는 각각 31%, 57%로 신 반흔 형성률이 의미있게 높았다. 총 발열기간, 높은 CRP, 방광요관 역류가 신 반흔 형성과 관련 있었으며 이중 방광요관 역류가 가장 높은 연관을 보였다. 결 론 : 소아의 발열성 첫 요로 감염에서 치료 전 발열 기간이 24시간 이내라도 신 반흔을 완전히 예방할 수 없었고 이에 관여하는 주된 인자는 방광요관 역류였다.

• Journal of Medicine and Life Science
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.46-56
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• 2022

The incidence of fever complicating percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is rare. However, little is known regarding the cause of fever after PCI. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the clinical characteristics of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), with or without fever, after PCI. We enrolled a total of 926 AMI patients who underwent PCI. Body temperature (BT) was measured every 4 hours or 8 hours for 5 days after PCI. Patients were divided into two groups according to BT as follows: BT<37.7℃ (no-fever group) and BT ≥37.7℃ (fever group). The 2 years clinical outcomes were compared subsequently. Fever after PCI was associated with higher incidence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) (hazard ratio [HR], 1.56; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07-2.28; P=0.021), all-cause death (HR, 2.32; 95% CI, 1.18-4.45; P=0.014), cardiac death (CD) (HR, 2.57; 95% CI, 1.02-6.76; P=0.049), and any revascularization (HR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.02-2.81; P=0.044) than without fever. In women, prior chronic kidney disease, lower left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction, higher LV wall motion score index, white blood cell count, peak creatine kinase-myocardial band level, and longer PCI duration were associated with fever after PCI. Procedures such as an intra-aortic balloon pump, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, continuous renal replacement therapy, central and arterial line insertion, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation were related to fever after PCI. Fever after PCI in patients with AMI was associated with a higher incidence of MACE, all-cause death, CD, and any revascularization at the 2 years mark than in those without fever.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제59권2호
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• pp.54-58
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• 2016

Purpose: We evaluated the characteristics of patients with Kawasaki disease (KD) who presented with only fever and cervical lymphadenopathy on admission, and compared them with the characteristics of those who presented with typical features but no cervical lymphadenopathy. Methods: We enrolled 98 patients diagnosed with KD. Thirteen patients had only fever and cervical lymphadenopathy on the day of admission (group 1), 31 had typical features with cervical lymphadenopathy (group 2), and 54 had typical features without cervical lymphadenopathy (group 3). Results: The mean age ($4.3{\pm}2.1$ years) and duration of fever ($7.5{\pm}3.6$ days) before the first intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) administration were highest in group 1 (P=0.001). Moreover, this group showed higher white blood cell and neutrophil counts, and lower lymphocyte counts after the first IVIG administration as compared to the other groups (P =0.001, P =0.001, and P =0.003, respectively). Group 1 also had a longer duration of hospitalization and higher frequency of second-line treatment as compared to groups 2 and 3 (group 1 vs. group 2, P =0.000 and P =0.024; group 1 vs. group 3, P =0.000 and P =0.007). A coronary artery z score of >2.5 was frequently observed in group 1 than in group 3 (P = 0.008). Conclusion: KD should be suspected in children who are unresponsive to antibiotics and have prolonged fever and cervical lymphadenopathy, which indicates that KD is associated with the likelihood of requiring second-line treatment and risk of developing coronary artery dilatation.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제63권4호
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• pp.487-494
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• 2020

Objective : To analyze the incidence and characteristics of delayed postoperative fever in posterior cervical fusion using cervical pedicle screws (CPS). Methods : This study analyzed 119 patients who underwent posterior cervical fusion surgery using CPS. Delayed fever was defined as no fever for the first 3 postoperative days, followed by an ear temperature ≥38℃ on postoperative day 4 and subsequent days. Patient age, sex, diagnosis, laminectomy, surgical level, revision status, body mass index, underlying medical disease, surgical duration, and transfusion status were retrospectively reviewed. Results : Of 119 patients, seven were excluded due to surgical site infection, spondylitis, pneumonia, or surgical level that included the thoracic spine. Of the 112 included patients, 28 (25%) were febrile and 84 (75%) were afebrile. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that laminectomy was a statistically significant risk factor for postoperative non-pathological fever (odds ratio, 10.251; p=0.000). In contrast, trauma or tumor surgery and underlying medical disease were not significant risk factors for fever. Conclusion : Patients who develop delayed fever 4 days after posterior cervical fusion surgery using CPS are more likely to have non-pathologic fever than surgical site infection. Laminectomy is a significant risk factor for non-pathologic fever.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.409-414
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• 2003

Fever is an elevation of body temperature to a level above normal to greater than $37.2^{\circ}C$. Fever of Unknown Origin is usually defined in adults as continuous fever at least 3 weeks duration with daily temperature elevation above $101.5^{\circ}F(38.3^{\circ}C)$ and remaining undiagnosed after 1 week of intensive study in the hospital. Diagnoses for Fever of Unknown Origin fall into three general categories: infectious disease, connective tissue disease, neoplasm. We experienced a cases of Fever of Unknown Origin which occurred after subarachnoid hemorrhage and intracerebral hemorrhage. As for treatment, we used Cheongleejagamtang-gami(淸離滋坎湯加味). Fever of Unknown Origin was improved within 5 days of the admission.