• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 2014

Cultured pancreatic beta cells and nerve cells, it is given normal condition of 10% FBS (fetal bovine serum), 11.1 mM glucose and hyperglycemia codition of 1% FBS, 30 mM glucose. For low LET X-ray irradiated with 0.5 Gy/hr dose-rate(total dose: 0.5 to 5 Gy). Survival rates were measured by MTT assay. When non irradiated, differentiated in the pancreatic beta cells experiment is hyperglycemia conditions survival rate compared to normal conditions survival rate seemed a small reduction. However increasing the total dose of X-ray, the survival rate of normal conditions decreased slightly compared to the survival rate of hyperglycemia conditions, the synergistic effect was drastically reduced. When non irradiated, undifferentiated in the nerve cells experiment is hyperglycemia conditions survival rate compared to normal conditions survival rate seemed a large reduction. As the cumulative dose of X-ray normal conditions and hyperglycemia were all relatively rapid cell death. But the rate of decreased survivals by almost parallel to the reduction proceed and it didn't show synergistic effect.

• BMB Reports
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.515-522
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• 1995

The effects of the thyroid hormone ($T_3$) on 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase activity were evaluated in a baby hamster kidney cell line, C100. The cells cultured in MEM were supplemented with 10% thyroid hormone-depleted fetal bovine serum (THDS-MEM) and had a 82.5% lower level of HMG-CoA reductase activity than the cells grown in a medium supplemented with fetal bovine serum (FBS-MEM). When $T_3$ was supplemented to THDS-MEM, the reduction of the reductase activity was blocked in a dose-dependent manner. In the cells grown in THDS-MEM containing $T_3$ at a concentration of $10^{-6}$ M, the level of HMG-CoA reductase activity was 91.8% relative to the cells grown in FBS-MEM. These changes in HMG-CoA reductase activity seemed to be at least partly due to the changes of HMG-CoA reductase mRNA levels. The level of HMG-CoA reductase mRNA in cells incubated in THDS-MEM decreased to 76.2% relative to the cells grown in FBS-MEM, while the level of reductase mRNA in cells incubated in THDS-MEM containing $T_3$ at a concentration of $10^{-6}$ M increased to 243.4% relative to the cells grown in FBS-MEM. The increase of HMG-CoA reductase mRNA level after $T_3$ treatment may have been due to the increased stability of reductase mRNA, because the transcriptional rate of the reductase gene did not change significantly in the presence or absence of $T_3$. These results indicate that $T_3$ stabilizes HMG-CoA reductase mRNA at the posttranscriptional level and regulates HMG-CoA reductase activity in a dose-dependent manner.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.298-304
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was undertaken to investigate the osteogenic induction potential of PGA & FBS mixture on a calvarial defect in the rabbit. Methods: Twenty New zealand white rabbit, weighing from 3.5-4kg were allocated into each of the three groups. Four 8 mm sized bone defects were made on the parietal bone by drilling. In group I, the bony defects were implanted with $50{\mu}m$ thickness film containing mixture of PGA and FBS. In group II, with PGA only film, & in group III, the bony defects were left with no implants. Results were evaluated by using morphologic change, radiographic study, biochemical study and histologic examination at 1 week (group I n=7, group II n=7, group III n=14), 2 weeks (group I n=6, group II n=6, group III n=12) and 3 weeks (group I n=7, group II n=7, group III n=14) following implantation. Results: In the morphologic & radiographic study, the formation and corticalization of callus were observed earlier in group I than in groups II and III (p < 0.05). In histological examination, group I showed more abundant and faster new bone formation than in group II and III. In biochemical analysis, group I displayed more activity than in group II and III. Group I also showed more abundant osteopontin, osteocalcin than groups II and III. Conclusion: In conclusion, the results demonstrate that the mixture of PGA and FBS has an effect on osteoblastic formation in the rabbit model. It is considered that further evaluation of long term results on resorption, immunologic tissue reaction and response of applied mixture in the human model will be needed.

• 대한생식의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.173.2-173.2
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• 2006

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.532-537
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• 2008

In order to investigate the factors affecting the culture of mouse preantral follicles in vitro, we examined the effect of culture media, protein supplements, and culture period on their growth. The oocyte diameter (initial size: $55.6{\pm}2.5{\mu}m$) was progressively increased during culture, and the maximum size ($72.0{\pm}2.4{\mu}m$) was reached on day 10 of the in vitro culture. The chromatin configuration in the germinal vesicle (GV) oocyte progressively shifted from a non-surrounded nucleolus (NSN) to a surrounded nucleolus (SN). On day 10 of the culture, most of the oocytes progressed to the SN pattern. The survival and metaphase II rates of the oocytes in alpha-minimal essential medium (alpha-MEM) were significantly higher (p<0.05) than those in Waymouth and tissue culture medium (TCM)-199. As a protein source, fetal bovine serum (FBS) was more suitable for the culture of mouse preantral follicles as compared to human follicular fluid (hFF) and bovine serum albumin (BSA); the optimal concentration of FBS was 5%. These results suggest that in a culture of mouse preantral follicles, alpha-MEM and 5% FBS are an optimal medium and a protein source, respectively; further, the 10 days of culture is required for the complete growth of oocytes in this culture system.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.971-977
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• 2009

The most abundant tea catechin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), has been reported to inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in many types of cancer cells. In the present study, effects of EGCG on the growth of oral epithelial cells including CAL-27 oral squamous carcinoma cells and dysplastic oral keratinocytes (DOK) were investigated. EGCG inhibited growth of CAL-27 cells and DOK with $IC_{50}$ of 14.4-21.0 and 5.8-14.2 ${\mu}M$ after 24 and 48 hr incubation, respectively. EGCG was significantly less effective in inhibiting DOK growth. The effects of EGCG, however, were dramatically less pronounced in the presence of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase. Inhibitory effects of EGCG on CAL-27 cell growth were also much less pronounced in the presence of fetal bovine serum (FBS). EGCG induced caspase-3 activation in both CAL-27 and DOK cells in a serum free condition without SOD/catalase; in the presence of 10% FBS and SOD/catalase, EGCG, even at 100 ${\mu}M$, did not affect cell growth. The present results indicate that EGCG inhibited oral cell growth with higher potency to more malignant CAL-27 cells than DOK, and the effects were markedly altered by SOD/catalase and serum content in media.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.3843-3849
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• 2013

This study was conducted to determine the effects of fetal bovine serum (FBS), bovine serum albumin (BSA) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) on blastocoel formation, total cell number, apoptosis and apoptosis-related gene expression of porcine diploid parthenotes developing in vitro. The addition of 0.4% BSA to the culture medium enhanced the development of 2-cell stage parthenotes to the blastocysts stage (p<0.01). Treatment of FBS reduced cell numbers of blastocysts (p<0.01) and increased the percentage of apoptosis in blastocysts (p<0.001). However, BSA increased cell numbers, only in the presence of EGF reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction revealed that EGF enhanced the mRNA expression of Bcl-xL in the presence of 0.4% BSA but BSA and EGF alone had no effect. However, Treatment of FBS reduced Bcl-xL mRNA expression (p<0.05) and enhanced Bak expression. This result suggests that apoptosis related gene expression is significantly affected by supplements, which may result in alteration of apoptosis and embryo viability of porcine embryos developing in vitro.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.85-91
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• 2009

In this study, in vitro maturation system using fetal bovine serum (FBS) or porcine follicular fluid (pFF) was investigated to produce comparable oocytes to those derived from in vivo. Control group of oocytes was cultured in TCM 199 supplemented with 0.1% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Other three groups of oocytes were cultured in TCM 199 supplemented with 10% FBS, 10% pFF or 5% FBS + 5% pFF, respectively. After 44 h maturation, oocytes with the first polar body were activated with two electric pulses (DC) of 1.2 kv/cm for 30 ${\mu}sec$. Also, matured oocytes of four groups were reconstructed and fused. Reconstructed embryos were cultured in PZM-3 under 5% $CO_2$ in air at $38.5^{\circ}C$ for 6 days. The oocytes matured in the medium supplemented with FBS or/and pFF showed significantly higher maturation rates (64.0 vs. 73.9 to 85.2%). In PA embryos, cleavage rates (89.7 vs. 77.1 to 86.6%) and blastocysts rates (30.0 vs. 16.2 to 26.2%) were significantly higher in pFF group (p<0.05). In NT embryos, there was no difference among treatments in cleavage rate, but the blastocyst rates (28.5 vs. 15.5 to 24.6%) were significantly higher in pFF group (p<0.05). The apoptosis rate was significantly higher (p<0.05) in the control than other groups (10.8 vs. 4.9 to 8.2% for PA, 3.1 vs. 0.5 to 1.3% for NT). In order to select the comparable oocyte to in vivo oocytes, each group of oocytes was stained with Brilliant cresyl blue (BCB) after 42h maturation. The matured oocytes were separated according to color of cytoplasm; stained group (BCB+) and unstained group (BCB-). The oocytes matured in the presence of FBS or/and pFF showed significantly higher staining rates (70.3 to 72.7 vs. 35.1%) (p<0.05). To verify the fact that the supplementation of FBS or/and pFF can increase the maturation rates, cdc2 kinase activity, the catalytic subunit of MPF, was determined. The cdc2 kinase activity of the oocytes matured in the medium supplemented with FBS or/and pFF was significantly higher than control group (6.7 to 9.3 vs. 3.8). In conclusion, the supplementation of FBS or/and pFF can support in vitro maturation rate of porcine oocytes through the increment of cdc2 kinase activity level in the cytoplasm.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.59 no.2
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• pp.81-88
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• 2019

This study was performed to examine the effects of various macromolecules in in vitro growth (IVG) media on the growth, maturation, and parthenogenesis (PA) of pig oocytes derived from small antral follicles (SAF). Immature oocytes were cultured for two days in IVG medium supplemented with 10% (v/v) fetal bovine serum (FBS), 10% (v/v) pig follicular fluid (PFF), 0.4% (w/v) bovine serum albumin (BSA), or 0.1% (w/v) polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and then maintained for 44 h for maturation. After IVG, the mean diameters of the SAF treated with FBS, PVA, and no IVG-MAF ($113.0-114.8{\mu}m$) were significantly larger than that of no IVG-SAF ($111.8{\mu}m$). The proportion of metaphase II oocytes was higher in PFF (73.6%) than in BSA (43.5%) and PVA (53.7%) but similar to that in the FBS treatment (61.5%). FBS and PFF increased cumulus expansion significantly compared to PVA and BSA while the intraoocyte glutathione content was not influenced by the macromolecules. Blastocyst formation of PA oocytes treated with FBS (51.8%), PFF (50.4%), and PVA (45.2%) was significantly higher than that of the BSA-treated oocytes (20.6%). These results show that the PFF and FBS treatments during IVG improved the growth, maturation, and embryonic development of SAF.

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.22-22
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• 2003

This study was conducted to determine effects of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), fetal bovine serum (FBS) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) on blastocoel formation, cell number, apoptosis and apoptosis-related gene expression of porcine diploid parthenotes developing in vitro. Embryos were collected from 2-cell or late 4-cell diploid parthenotes that activated with electro pulse, and in vitro cultured in the NCSU 23 medium supplemented without or with 0.1% PVA, 10% FBS or 0.4% BSA for day 7. The morphological analysis of apoptosis in embryos was carried out using propidium iodide staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labeling. The expressions of Bcl-xL, Bak and P53 in blastocyst stage parthenotes and in vivo-derived blastocysts were determined using semiquantitative RT-PCR. The addition of 0.4% BSA to the culture medium enhanced the development of 2- or late 4-cell stage parthenotes to the blastocysts stage (P < 0.01) while FBS decreased the incidence of blastocoel formation. FBS also reduced cell numbers of blastocysts developed from both 2- (P < 0.001) and late 4-cell (P < 0.05) embryos and increased percentage of apoptosis in the blastocysts (P < 0.001). The relative abundance of Bcl-xL mRNA in diploid parthenotes cultured from 2-cell stage in the presence of BSA is similar with that in in vivo derived embryos, but is significantly higher than in parthenotes cultured with FBS, PVA or none protein supplement control. Bak mRNA showed a significant increase at the blastocyst stage in FBS supplement medium. This result suggests that apoptosis related gene expression is significantly affected by protein supplements, which may result in alteration of apoptosis and embryo viability of porcine embryos developing in vitro.