• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.223-229
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• 2013

Sustainability index was calculated to determine the best management for rice productivity under long-term inorganic fertilizer management's practices. It is based on nutrient index, microbiological index and crop index related to sustainability as soil function. Indicators for calculating sustainability index were selected by the comparison of soil properties and rice response in paddy soil with fertilization. Total twenty two indicators were determined to assess nutrient index, microbiological index and crop index in order to compare the effect of different fertilization. The indices were applied to assess the sustainability with different inorganic fertilizer treatments such as control, N, NK, NP, NPK, NPK+Si, and NPK+Compost. The long-term application of compost with NPK was the highest sustainability index value because it increased nutrient index, microbial index and crop index. The use of chemical fertilizers resulted in poor soil microbial index and crop index, but the treatments like NP, NPK, and NPK+Si were maintained sustainability in paddy soil. These results indicate that application of organic and chemical fertilizer could be a good management to improve rice sustainability in paddy soil.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.216-222
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• 2013

Fertilizer management has the potential to promote the storage of carbon and nitrogen in agricultural soils and thus may contribute to crop sustainability and mitigation of global warming. In this study, the effects of fertilizer practices [no fertilizer (Control), chemical fertilizer (NPK), Compost, and chemical fertilizer plus compost] on soil total carbon (TC) and total nitrogen (TN) contents in inner soil profiles of paddy soil at 0-60 cm depth were examined by using long-term field experimental site at $42^{nd}$ years after installation. TC and TN concentrations of the treatments which included N input (NPK, Compost, NPK+Compost) in plow layer (0-15 cm) ranged from 19.0 to 26.4 g $kg^{-1}$ and 2.15 to 2.53 g $kg^{-1}$, respectively. Compared with control treatment, SOC (soil organic C) and TN concentrations were increased by 24.1 and 31.0%, 57.6 and 49.7%, and 72.2 and 54.5% for NPK, Compost, and NPK+Compost, respectively. However, long term fertilization significantly influenced TC concentration and pools to 30 cm depth. TC and TN pools for NPK, Compost, NPK+Compost in 0-30 cm depth ranged from 44.8 to 56.8 Mg $ha^{-1}$ and 5.78 to 6.49 Mg $ha^{-1}$, respectively. TC and TN pools were greater by 10.5 and 21.4%, 30.3 and 29.6%, and 39.9 and 36.3% in N input treatments (NPK, Compost, NPK+Compost) than in control treatment. These resulted from the formation and stability of aggregate in paddy soil with continuous mono rice cultivation. Therefore, fertilization practice could contribute to the storage of C and N in paddy soil, especially, organic amendments with chemical fertilizers may be alternative practices to sequester carbon and nitrogen in agricultural soil.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.1124-1129
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• 2011

본 연구는 맞춤형비료 공급 효과를 평가하기 위하여 기존의 3요소 단비 처리 및 일반 관행시비 농가에 대한 맞춤형비료 시용에 따른 벼 생육과 수량 및 비료사용 절감 효과 등을 평가하였다. 처리별 벼 생육 상황은 기존 3요소 단일비료 처리구와 일반 관행시비 농가 및 맞춤형비료 처리구간 유의성 있는 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 또한, 벼의 정조 수량에도 차이가 없었던 반면 태풍으로 인한 벼 도복 피해가 일반 관행시비 농가에 비해 적어 내재해성이 높게 나타났다. 도복이 발생한 농가의 평균 질소 시용량은 $13.5{\sim}14.6kg\;10a^{-1}$로 도복 임계수준으로 알려진 $13.5{\sim}13.8kg\;10a^{-1}$과 유사한 결과를 나타냈다. 맞춤형비료 시용에 따른 농가의 관행 비료 시용량 대비 절감율은 조사 지역별로 11.4~33.6% 범위로 평균 25.5% 이었다. 이러한 절감 효과는 관행 대비 16.4%의 절감 효과를 보인 경기도 여주와 질소 성분량 30% 절감을 보인 전남 광양 등의 선행 연구결과 범위에 분포 하였다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.871-879
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• 2022

An increasing global population requires a greater food supply, and accordingly there is demand for enhanced production of rice, as a major crop plant that covers half of the world's population. Rice production in arid area is extremely difficult due to poor soil fertility, salinity, deficit of irrigation water, and weather conditions. The aim of the present study was to determine whether various fertilization recipes could provide a countermeasure to allow rice production while also providing soil amendment such as soil pH adjustment. The study was conducted at an experimental field of the United Arab-Emirates (UAE) from January to April, 2022. Rice seedlings (cv. Asemi, alkaline-resistant) were transplanted in plastic containers, and different types of water and nutrient managements were employed as follows: water management (flooding and aerobic for NPKs treatment group) and nutrient management (NPKs, slow release fertilizers [SRFs] and SRFs + NPK-1 treatment groups with flooding). Water and nutrient management did not show any effect on soil pH adjustment. Rice growth was significantly enhanced in the flooding compared to the aerobic condition, whereas the effect of nutrient management clearly differed among the treatment groups, with SRFs + NPK-1 showing the best results followed by SRFs and NPKs. Most of the fertilization groups markedly accumulated soluble sugars in the shoots and grains of rice plants, but concomitantly a decrease in the roots. Overall, the level of starch showed a tendency of relatively slight perturbation by fertilization. Taken together, the results indicate that soil physical structure should be preferentially amended to find the key for suitable rice production.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.22-29
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• 2015

The objectives of this study were to monitor the changes in soil solution nutrients and to evaluate their effect on rice uptake and yield. The changes of chemical characteristics of paddy soil solution were examined from the 58th fertilization experiment in which the continuous rice cropping experiment started in 1954 at the National Academy of Agricultural Science. The treatments were no fertilization (No fert.), inorganic fertilization (NPK), inorganic fertilizer plus rice straw compost (NPKC) and inorganic fertilizer plus silicate and lime fertilizer as a soil amendment (NPKCLS). The fertilizers were added at rates of standard fertilizer application rate in which nitrogen (N), phosphate ($P_2O_5$), potassium ($K_2O$), and sililcate ($SiO_2$) were applied at rates of $75{\sim}150kg\;ha^{-1}$, $70{\sim}86kg\;ha^{-1}$, $75{\sim}86kg\;ha^{-1}$, and $7.5Mg\;ha^{-1}$ respectively and lime was applied to neutralize soil acidity until 6.5. Average Electrical Conductivity (EC) of soil solution in NPKCLS and NPKC ranged from 1.16 to $2.00dS\;m^{-1}$. The $NH{_4}^+$ and $K^+$ levels in NPKCLS and NPKC were higher than that of the other treatments, due to high supply power of rice straw compost. The content of $H_3SiO{_4}^-$ was higher in NPKCLS because of silicate application. The dominant ions in soil solution were $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$ and $Na^+$ among cations and $HCO{_3}^-$, $SO{_4}^{2-}$, and $Cl^-$ among anions in all treatments. The continuous application of inorganic fertilizers plus rice straw compost (NPKC) and silicate fertilizer (NPKCLS) led to the changes of various chemical composition in soil solutions. Also, they had a significant impact on the improvement of rice inorganic uptake and grain yield. Especially, inorganic uptake by rice in NPKC and NPKCLS significantly increased than those in NPK plot; 14~46% for T-N, 32~36% for P, 43~57% for K, and 45~77% for Si. Therefore, the combined application of inorganic fertilizers with organic compost as a soil amendment is considered as the best fertilization practice in the continuous rice cropping for the improvement of crop productivity and soil fertility.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.141-146
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• 2017

BACKGROUND: Phosphorus(P) is a vital factor for rice but excess input of phosphorus fertilizer can cause environmental risk and waste of fertilizer resources. We studied to assess the change of available phosphate, P balance, critical concentration of available phosphate under a rice single system. METHODS AND RESULTS: The changes of available phosphate of paddy soil were examined from long-term fertilization experiment which was started in 1954 at the National Academy of Agricultural Science. The treatments were no phosphate fertilization(No fert., and N), phosphate fertilization(NPK, NPKC, and NPKCLS). The available phosphorus concentrations in treatments without phosphate fertilizer (No fert. and N) were decreased continuously. But, after 47 years, available phosphate content in phosphate fertilizer treatment (NPK, NPKC, and NPKCLS) reached at the highest ($245{\sim}331mg\;kg^{-1}$), showing a tendency to decrease afterward. The mean annual P field balance in these treatments (NPK, NPKC, and NPKCLS) had positive values that varied from 16.6 to $17.5kg\;ha^{-1}year^{-1}$, and ratio of residual P were increased. These showed that phosphate fertilizer in soil were converted into the form of residual phosphorus which was not easily extracted by available phosphate extractant. Also, It was estimated that the critical value of available phosphate for rice cultivation was $120mg\;kg^{-1}$ using Cate-Nelson equation. CONCLUSION: We concluded that no more phosphate fertilizer should be applied in rice single system if soil available phosphate is higher than the critical P value.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.194-199
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• 2016

In an experiment conducted at the research field of the National Institute of Agricultural Science, we investigated the effects of mineral fertilizer and rice straw compost on exchangeable potassium and K balances, and rice grain yield under a rice single system. The treatments were no fertilization (No fert.), inorganic fertilization (N), inorganic fertilizer (N, P, K) plus rice straw compost at rates of 7.5, 15.0, 22.5, and $30.0ton\;ha^{-1}$ (NPKC7.5, NPKC15.0, NPKC22.5, and NPKC30.0, respectively). The inorganic fertilizers(N, P, K) were added with standard fertilizer application rate in which nitrogen (N), phosphate ($P_2O_5$), and potassium ($K_2O$) were applied with $75{\sim}150kg\;ha^{-1}$, $70{\sim}86kg\;ha^{-1}$, $75{\sim}86kg\;ha^{-1}$, respectively. Exchangeable potassium for NPKC15.0 NPKC22.5, and NPK30.0 treatments was higher by $0.05{\sim}0.19cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$ than that of NPKC7.5 treatment. Increasing levels of rice straw compost resulted in an increase in the K balance from - $19.9kg\;ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$ (No fert.) to $41.9kg\;ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$ at NPKC22.5 treatment and $62.9kg\;ha^{-1}$ at NPKC30.0 treatment. Continuous application of rice straw compost with NPK fertilizers affected significantly the rice grain yields. The result of the study imply that the application of more than $22.5ton\;ha^{-1}$ of rice straw compost with NPK fertilizers are recommended as the best fertilization practice for enhancement of crop production and K supplying power of soil in the continuous rice cropping system.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.181-192
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• 2023

Appropriate fertilization methods are required according to species to supply necessary nutrients to plants and prevent soil environmental contamination in nurseries. In this study, the effects of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization on the growth of Liriodendron tulipifera and soil characteristics were investigated. After 16 fertilization treatments (4 levels of nitrogen × 4 levels of phosphorus) were applied to one-year-old L. tulipifera seedlings at the Yongmun Nursery Station of the Korea Forest Service, height, root collar diameter (RCD), biomass, leaf nutrients, and soil characteristics were investigated. The height increased as the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization increased, and the RCD was the highest in the ×2 treatment. Biomass growth was on average 40.0% higher for the treatment with high nitrogen fertilization compared to the low nitrogen treatment. The seedling quality index was the highest with nitrogen and phosphorus ×2 treatment. Leaf phosphorus and magnesium concentrations decreased when nitrogen fertilization was applied, and leaf potassium concentrations decreased as nitrogen fertilization increased. Soil pH and exchangeable potassium decreased as the amount of phosphorus application increased, and exchangeable magnesium decreased as the amount of nitrogen application increased and increased as the amount of phosphorus application increased. Considering the growth of L. tulipifera seedlings and changes in the soil characteristics at the nursery stage, twice the standard fertilization amount is the appropriate fertilization amount for nursery of the Yongmun Nursery Station. It is expected that this study will contribute to improving nursery soil fertilization management technology for healthy seedling production.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.223-227
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• 2007

토양의 질산태 질소를 이용하여 시설 오이의 적정 질소 시비량을 결정하고자 질산태 질소 함량이 67-343 mg/kg의 범위를 갖는 8곳의 시설재배 토양으로부터 오이를 공시작물로 표준시비구와 무시비구에 대한 생산력 검정시험을 포트 재배로 조사하였다. 오이의 수량은 최소 1,006 g/plant에서 최대 2,369 g/plant로 토양 질소함량 수준에 따라 다양한 생산능력의 차이를 보였다. 토양의 질산태 질소는 Agronomic efficiency(AE)과 N use efficiency(NUE)와는 부의 상관을 보였다. 질소 무비 재배를 위한 시험 전 토양의 질산태 질소 임계기준은 토양의 질산태 질소 함량에 대한 AE 및 NUE의 관계를 Cate-Nelson 일원분류의 분산분석법으로 비교하고 또한 무비구의 수량 및 지상부의 질소 흡수량과의 관계로부터 추정하였을 때 약 260 mg/kg으로 나타났다. 질소 표준 시비가 요구되는 시험 전 토양의 질산태 질소 임계기준은 70 mg/kg으로 추정되었다. 질산태 질소 함량이 70-260 mg/kg 범위의 토양에서는 Y=-1.032X + 269.2(Y: 질소시비량, kg/ha; X: 시험 전 토양의 질산태 질소 함량, mg/kg) 추천식으로 질소시비량을 결정할 수 있다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.1004-1008
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• 2012

본 연구는 벼 재배에 있어 맞춤형비료 시용 효과를 평가하기 위하여 기존의 3요소 단비 처리 및 일반 관행시비 농가에 대한 맞춤형비료 시용에 따른 벼 생육과 수량 그리고 비료사용량 절감 효과 등을 평가하였다. 처리별 벼 생육 상황은 기존 3요소 단일비료 처리구와 맞춤형비료 처리구간 유의성 있는 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 또한, 벼의 정조 수량에도 3요소구 및 일반 관행 농가와의 차이가 없어 맞춤형비료 시용에 따른 벼 생육 및 수량 저하 문제는 없었다. 반면에 맞춤형비료 시용에 따른 농가의 관행 비료 시용량 대비 절감율은 조사 지역별로 6~33% 범위로 평균 17% 이었으며, 맞춤형비료 분시비율에 따른 비료 성분량은 밀양지역을 제외한 모든 조사지역에서 가지거름을 시용하지 않고 2회 분시한 맞춤형비료 70구가 3회 분시한 맞춤형비료 50구에 비해 상대적으로 적은 것으로 나타났다. 조사지역 전체적으로는 평균 5% 정도 비료 성분량이 적게 사용된 결과를 보였다.