• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.196-202
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• 2017

The occurrence of ferroresonance in electrical systems including nonlinear inductors such as transformers will bring a lot of malicious damages. The intense ferromagnetic saturation of the iron core is the most influential factor in ferroresonance that makes nonsinusoidal current and voltage. So the nonlinear behavior modeling of the magnetic core is the most important challenge in the study of ferroresonance. In this paper, the ferroresonance phenomenon is investigated in a single phase transformer using the finite element method and considering the hysteresis loop. Jiles-Atherton (JA) inverse vector model is used for modeling the hysteresis loop, which provides the accurate nonlinear model of the transformer core. The steady-state analysis of ferroresonance is done while considering different capacitors in series with the no-load transformer. The accurate results from copper losses and iron losses are extracted as the most important specifications of transformers. The validity of the simulation results is confirmed by the corresponding experimental measurements.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.59 no.5
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• pp.860-865
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• 2010

When a circuit breaker is opened, a large capacitance around the buses, the circuit breaker and the potential transformer (PT) might cause PT ferroresonance. During PT ferroresonance, the iron core repeats saturation and unsaturation even though the supplied voltage is a rated voltage. This paper describes an analytical analysis of PT ferroresonance in the transient-state. To analyze ferroresonance analytically, the iron core is modelled by a simplified two-segment core model in this paper. Thus, a nonlinear ordinary differential equation (ODE) for the flux linkage is changed into a linear ODE with constant coefficients, which enables an analytical analysis. In this simplified model, each state, which is either saturated or unsaturated state, corresponds to one of the three modes, i.e. overdamping, critical damping and underdamping. The flux linkage and the voltage in each state are obtained analytically by solving the linear ODE with constant coefficients. The proposed transient analysis is effective in the more understanding of ferroresonance and thus can be used to design a ferroresonance prevention or suppression circuit of a PT.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2009.07a
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• pp.42_43
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• 2009

Ferroresonance is a resonance condition between a nonlinear iron core of a potential transformer (PT) and a capacitance. It can lead to PT voltages several times the normal equipment ratings, and cause the isolation broken and damage to equipments near the PT. This paper proposes a analysis method of PT ferroresonance in the time domain. Based on the simplified equivalent circuit, a differential equation was found and the flux was calculated when ferroresonance generates. The forced response and natural response were also analyzed. The performance of proposed analysis method was verified with the EMTP-RV generated data. The method can help analysis chaotic ferroresonance and periodic ferroresonance.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.64 no.11
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• pp.1543-1550
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• 2015

Ferroresonance is a non-linear vibrational phenomenon that is generated by the electrical interaction of the inductance component with the capacitor component of a certain capacitance as the device of the inductance component such as a transformer is saturated due to the degradation, the waveform distortion of current and voltage, and the oscillation of overcurrent and overvoltage in a system. Recently, ferroresonance was generated from the waveform distortion of current and voltage, or the overvoltage or undervoltage phenomenon caused by the nature of an electrical power system and design technology of the transformer in the three phase transformer system. Hence, in general, ferroresonance analyzed by converting to the LC equivalent circuit. However, in general, the aforementioned analytical method only applies to the resonance phenomenon that is generated by the interaction of the capacitance of bussbar and grounding, and switching as the capacitor component with PT and the transformer as the inductance component in a system. Subsequently, the condition where ferroresonance was generated since overvoltage was supplied as line voltage to the phase voltage and thus the iron core is saturated due to the interconnection between grounded and ungrounded systems could not be analyzed when single phase PT was connected in a ${\Delta}$/Y connection system. In this study, voltage swell in the configuration of grounded circuit of a step-up transformer with the ${\Delta}-{\Delta}$ connection linked to PT for control power and the ferroresonance generated by overvoltage when the line voltage of the ${\Delta}-{\Delta}$ connection was connected to the phase voltage of the grounded Y-Y connection were analyzed using PSCAD / EMTDC through the failure case of the transformer caused by ferroresonance in the system with the ${\Delta}-{\Delta}$/Y-Y connection, and subsequently, the preventive measure of ferroresonance was proposed.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.366-367
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• 2008

This paper deal with the study of the phenomenon of Ferroresonance in the 170kV Gas Insulated Switchgear(GIS). The Electromagnetic Transient Program(EMTP) was used to simulate the phenomenon of Ferroresonance and conducted the study of the transient over-voltage. An example power system, used in this study, have an accident that the ferroresonance phenomenon happens at MOFVT(Voltage Transformer). The simulation results notices that the secondary part of VT has to be connected by ferroresonance suppressor when the circuit breaker connected with grading capacitor is switched off.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2000.05b
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• pp.216-221
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• 2000

This paper describes the analysis results on the PT ferroresonance at 154 kV GIS (gas Insulated substation by EMTP(Electro- magnetic Transient Program). We had simulated the PT ferroresonance between a potential transformer(PT) and an open circuit breaker's grading capacitance. The ferroresonance leads to very large power frequency overvoltages on PT bus and subsequent insulation failure. The large power can be supplied to the PT by the high voltage on the opened circuit due to the grading capacitance and equivalent capacitance of the buses during the ferroresonance. The damping circuit connected on the secondary winding were considered in the model. The actual countermeasure include a saturable inductor and a resistor series-mounted, but the 2 ohms of damping resistance was used in the computationl model.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1999.07e
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• pp.2076-2079
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• 1999

This paper describes the analysis results on the PT ferroresonance at 154 kV GIS (gas Insulated substation by EMTP (Electro-magnetic Transient Program). We had simulated the PT ferroresonance between a potential transformer(PT) and an open circuit breaker's grading capacitance. The ferroresonance leads to very large power frequency overvoltages on PT bus and subsequent insulation failure. The large power can be supplied to the PT by the high voltage on the opened circuit due to the grading capacitance and equivalent capacitance of the buses during the ferroresonance. The damping circuit connected on the secondary winding were considered in the model. The actual countermeasure include a saturable inductor and a resistor series-mounted, but the 2 ohms of damping resistance was used in the computational model.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.300-305
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• 2007

This paper reports an investigation of overvoltages caused by ferroresonance in the distribution system, which consists of a bank of open-delta single-phase voltage transformers. The high voltage sides of the voltage transformer are connected to the distribution system via three single-phase fuse cutouts. Due to the saturation characteristic of the transformer cores, ferroresonance can occur in the condition that the transformer is energized or deenergized with single-phase switching operation of the fuse cutouts. The simulation tool based on EMTP is used to investigate the overvoltages at the high side of voltage transformer. Bifurcation diagrams are used to present the ferroresonance behavior in ranges of different operating conditions. The simulation results are in good agreement with the results from the experiment of 22 kV voltage transformers. The mitigation technique with additional damping resistors in the secondary windings of the voltage transformers will be introduced. Brief discussion will be made on the physical phenomena related to the overvoltage and the damage of voltage transformer.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers C
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.197-203
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• 2001

Recently, the construction of gas insulated substation(GIS)s has been increased in Korea. But, the whole quantity of the VTs which were used in GIS has been imported. Under the circumstance that $SF_6$ gas power apparatus are being developed up to 800kV rating in Korea, the development of EＨＶ　$SF_6$ gas VT is essential for localizing the power apparatus. As for EHV VT, destructive ferroresonance can be generated due to the combination of capacitiances between poles of circuit breaker, ground capacitance of bus and nonlinear excitation property of VT core. But the theoretical analysis about ferroresonance has not been fully achieved in Korea. Therefore, in this paper the authors would like to contribute for localizing EHV $SF_6$ gas VT by developing the diagram of ferroresonance zone according to the parameters of the circuit and the saturable reactor.

• KIEE International Transactions on Power Engineering
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• v.11A no.4
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• pp.9-14
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• 2001

This paper reports a set of digital time-domain simulation studies conducted on 154 kV wound Potential Transformer(PT) int he 154 kV Gas Insulated Substation(GIS). The Electro-Magnetic Transient Program(EMTP) is used to develop the PT model and conduct the transient studies. The accuracy of the PT model is verified through comparison of the EMTP simulation results with those obtained from the field test results. The investigations shows that the developed model can accurately predict PT transient resonance, especially, the phenomenon of ferroresonance. The model is developed not only to determine impact of transients on PT response but also to design ferroresonance suppressor devices of PT. And it can also be used to predict PT transient response on power system monitoring and protection scheme.