• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 1998

Studies were performed to 1) investigate if ferric iron bound in complex with iron-solubilizing meat components is absorbable, 2) compare the relative iron-solubilizing capaicty of meats, and 3) investigate the physicochemical and compositional characteristics if meat meat has iron-solubilizing components . Iron-solubilizing components of beef were isolate from pH 2 HCL homogenates into dialysis bags(MWCO of 6-8K). Radiolabelled iron complexes were then generated using ferric iron and the isolated low-molecular-weight components(ILC) from undigested beef or ascrobate. The bioavailabilities of radioiron in these complexes or as ferric iron were measured as radioiron absorption into the blood one hour after injection into ligated duodenal lops of rats. Iron absorptions were ferrous -ascorbate complexes(18.8$\pm$2.2%)> ferric-ILC complexes(4.9$\pm$0.6%)>ferric iron (23.2$\pm$0.3%)(p<0.05). ILC from 0.1g of beef, pork, chicken, fish , or egg white were added to 400$\mu$g ferric iron in pH 2 HCL, the pH raised to 7,2, and soluble iron determined in the supernatant after centrifugation at 2,500g for 10 min. Iron solubilizing capabilities of ILC were pork (99.9$\pm$0.1%)>beef(93.6$\pm$3.5%)> chicken (75.8$\pm$1.8%) > fish(64.6%$\pm$3.6%)>egg white(50.9$\pm$0.9%)(p<0.05). The compositional and physico-chemical characteristics of the ILC from the above dietary protein sources were investigated.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.45-63
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• 1994

128 freshly extracted human molars were used to study the interaction between dentinal smear layer removal with various agents, and the shear bond strength of a light cured glass ionomer cement to dentin. It was proposed that the removal of smear layers using acidic cleaners followed by incorporation of Fe mordant with dentin could enhanced the infiltration of monomer component in light curing glass ionomer cement and resulted in a high bond strength. For the first treatment process for removal of smear layers on the surfaces of dentin, 50 % citric acid, 10% maleic acid and 10 % phosphoric acid were used, and for the second treatment process, 15% ferric chloride, 6.8% ferric oxalate or 30% potassium oxalate were used. Distilled water was used as a control. After double sequential treatment on dentin, a light curing glass ionomer cement was bonded to dentin. After being immersed in water at 31'C for 24 hours, shear bond strengths were measured Instron testing machine(Model No.4202, USA). Surface changes were also observed using SEM (Hitachi, S-2300, Japan) after treatment process with each agents. The following conclusions were drawn : 1. Dentin surface cleaned with maleic acid and treated with ferric oxalate showed the highest bond strength with light curing glass ionomer cement. 2. Bond strengths of glass ionomer cement to dentin treated with maleic acid or citric acid were the highest, and that treated with phosphoric acid showed the lowest. 3. The effect of ferric oxalate on shear bond strength to dentin was always higher than that of ferric chloride. 4. The smear layers were clearly removed and the orifices of dentinal tubules were opened widely by the citric acid, maleic acid and phosphoric acid. 5. The orifices of dentinal tubules opened after using the first solution were closed with the treatment of ferric chloride. 6. The precipitate like crystals were formed on dentin surfaces and tubules, but a significant decrease in bond strength of glass ionomer cement to dentin surface treated with potassium oxalate.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.31 no.7
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• pp.2100-2102
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• 2010

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.29 no.12
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• pp.2496-2498
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• 2008

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.157-162
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• 2011

The effect of ferrous/ferric molar ratio and precipitants on the formation of nano size magnetite particle was investigated by coprecipitation method. Ferrous sulfate and ferric sulfate were used as iron sources and sodium hydroxide and ammonium hydroxide was used as a precipitant. Single phase magnetite was synthesized with all of experiment conditions (ferrous/ferric molar ratios and precipitants). Particle size was smaller, and particle size distribution was narrower when NaOH was used than $NH_4OH$ was used. The crystallinity and particle size was increased and narrower particle size distribution with increasing molar ratio ferrous/ferric sulfate with the same precipitant. Super paramagnetism could be obtained at all of experiment conditions. The highest saturation magnetization (72 emu/g) was obtained when the ferrous/ferric molar ratio was 2.5 and precipitant was used $NH_4OH$.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.40-50
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• 2002

In order to remove the pollutants effectively in the dye wastewater by chemical precipitation process, coagulation arid flocculation test were carried out using several coagulants on various reaction conditions. It was found that the Ferrous sulfate was the most effective coagulant for the removal of disperse dye(B79), and we could get the best result lot the removal of disperse dye(B56) in the aspects of TOC removal efficiency and sludge field. When the Ferrous sulfate dosage was $800mg/\ell$, the sludge settling velocity was very fast>, and the color was effectively removed in the disperse dye(B79) solution. Although the color removal was ineffective when the Alum was used as a coagulant, the sludge field was decreased in comparison with the Ferrous sulfate or the Ferric sulfate was used in the disperse dye(B56) solution. The general color removal effect for the disperse dye(B56 and B79) solutions, the Ferric sulfate was more proper coagulant than the Alum. It was showed that TOC removal was improved 5% and over by the addition of Calcium hydroxide, and $30mg/\ell$ of sludge yield was decreased(B79). When Alum or Ferric sulfate was used as a coagulant, pH condition for most effective color removal was 5 in B56 solution. In case of Ferrous sulfate as a coagulant, most effective pH condition for color removal was 9. When Ferric sulfate or Ferrous sulfate was used as a coagulant, pH condition for most effective color removal was 9 in B79 solution.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.45-51
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• 1982

Degree of separation and adhesion of dye and stain particles has been measured usually by the rate of reflection of light. However, it could be proved that the relation between the quantity of stain and the rate of reflection greatly varied with kinds of stain and states of adhesion. For this study, several pieces of cotton and polyester having different states of stain adhesion were prepared by staining them with two kinds of artificial stain different in color: Ferric Oxide and Ferric Oxynate. Every piece went through soilremoval test which employed two surfactants: Anionic LAS and Cationic M2-100. After the operation, relations between quantity of pre-soilremoval stain and rate of reflection were measured, as well as those between quantity of post-soilremoval stain and rate of reflection. Rate of reflection and quantity of stain were not proportional in measurement to the pieces stained with Ferric Oxide and Ferric Oxynate. The consequence was also the same with cotton and polyester. That held true of the fat-stained textile. With the same quantity of stain, rate of reflection varied according to the magnitude of stain particles, and the state of adhesion influenced the magnitude of stain particles a great deal.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.30 no.11
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• pp.2577-2583
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• 2009

Presented are the formation of iron oxide layers on evaporator tubes in an actual fossil power plant operated under all volatile treatment (AVT) condition and an experimental simulation of iron oxide formation in the presence of ferrous and ferric ions. After actual operations for 12781 and 36326 hr in the power plant, two iron oxide layers of magnetite on the evaporator tubes were found: a continuous inner layer and a porous outer layer. The experimental simulation (i.e., artificial corrosion in the presence of ferrous and ferric ions at 100 ppm level for 100 hr) reveals that ferrous ions turn the continuous inner oxide layer on tube metal to cracks and pores, while ferric ions facilitate the production of porous outer oxide layer consisting of large crystallites. Based on a comparison of the oxide layers produced in the experimental simulation with those observed on the actually used tubes, we propose possible routes for oxid layer formation schematically. In addition, the limits of the proposed corrosion routes are discussed in detail.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.17 no.6 s.85
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• pp.51-59
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• 2005

To manufacture hightech easycare wool, there are several methods which use strong oxidising agent or the resin treatment, however, neither are environmentally friendly methods. Moreover it may deteriorate the handle. The aim of this study is to manufacture the hightech easycare wool using the modified Fenton method which can be formed by hydrogen peroxide and ferric sulfate and enzyme treatment. The method was pretreated by ferric sulfate on the wool surface and then the surface of wool scale was selectively removed by ferric ion catalyst. Subsequently the Enchiron which is one of the proteolytic enzymes was treated on the wool surface. The treated wool had the result of having optimum weight loss and excellent whiteness and good handle. Therefore implications of these results suggest that this method using the modified Fenton method and enzyme treatment may be one way of manufacturing the hightech easycare wool.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.641-648
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• 2013

Arsenic (As) contamination in drinking water is severe problem for about 100 million people who live in Bangladesh, Cambodia, Nepal, India, Vietnam, Myanmar, Mongolia, and Ethiopia etc. Chronic doses cause skin cancer, blackfoot disease, and cardiac damage. Even though the biosand filter (BSF) is popular in many developing countries, it could not remove effectively hazardous ions as As. Adsorbent is effective and feasible to reduce As. In this study the improved biosand filter (iBSF) was embedded with adsorbent, was tested to evaluate As removal as well as organic removal. In 20 days removal of turbidity, bacteria, and $UV_{254}$ have shown 60-95 % removal. Arsenic was removed more than 99.9 % in the columns embedded with silica oxides of ferric manganese ($FM{\alpha}$) while 5.8 ~ 38.3 % in columns without $FM{\alpha}$. Isotherm test showed that average amount of the adsorbed arsenic on the oxides was 0.56 mg/G.