• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.123-130
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• 2000

This study was carried out to examine the effects of animal manure on efficiency of the nitrogen utilization of silage corn (Zea mays L.) and soil fertility. The experiment was conducted on the field plot at Gongiam, Kwangju, Kyunggi-Do for 3 years, from 1996 to 1998, and arranged in split-plot design with three replications. The main plots were two kinds of composts such as swine manure fermented with sawdust (SMFWS) and swine manure fermented without sawdust (SMF). Subplots were the nitrogen fertilization rate (0, 100, 200, 300 and 400kgNhalyear). The nitrogen (N) yield increased as the nitrogen fertilization rate increased up to a rate of 300 kg Nha, but decreased at rate of 400 kg Nlha. Nitrogen yield in SMF treatments was higher than that of SMFWS treatments. But there were no significant differences between SMFWS and SMF treatments. Organic matter (OM) content of the soils in SMFWS was higher than that of SMF, &d was not significantly different between SMFWS and SMF treatments. OM content increased with increasing the nitrogen fertilization rate. Total nitrogen (TN) content of the soils increased as the nitrogen fertilization rate increased. No difference of TN content was found between SMFWS and SMF treatments. (Key words : Swine manure, Compost, Corn, Sawdust, Nutritive value)

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.193-202
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• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of the type and application level of swine manure on herbage productivity, efficiency of nitrogen utilization and environmental pollution by the leaching of nitrogen compounds in mixed grassland. The field experiment was carried out on established grassland sward growing on silt clay loam soil. Main plots were the types of swine manure, such as swine manure fermented with sawdust(SMFWS), swine manure fermented without sawdust(SMF) and swine slurry(SS), and mineral fertilizer(Urea). Subplots were the application levels of swine manure, such as 100, 200 and 400 kgN/ha, The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. Herbage productivity, nutritive value and nitrogen yields were the highest with mineral fertilizer and followed by swine slurry(SS), and the lowest with swine manure fermented with sawdust(SMFS). As compared with dry matter(DM) yield by application of mineral fertilizer(100%), the DM percents of SMFWS, SMFS and SS were 90.6, 80,9 and 76.8%, respectively. 2. Organic matter(OM) contents of the soil were increased by the applications of swine manure. OM contents were the high set with SMFS and the lowest with mineral fertilizer. 3. The amounts of nitrate leaching by types and application levels of swine manure were the highest in the end of Aug. and early of Sep. during the seasons and ranged from 10 to 25ppm.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 2000

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of the application rate of fermented swine manure and additional mineral fertilizer on productivity and nutritive value of corn(Zea mays L.) for silage. Swine manures used in this study were the compost of swine manure fermented with sawdust(SMFWS) and swine sluny(SS). This study was arranged in split-split plot design. Main plots were the types of swine manure, subplots were the application rate of swine manure, such as 100, 200 and 400kgN/ha, and sub-subplots were the application rate of mineral fertilizer, such as 50 and 100kgNiha. Corn DM(dry matter) and TDN(tota1 digestible nutrient) yields increased as application rate of SMFWS and SS increased. DM and TDN yields in SS treatments were higher than those in SMFWS treatments. The effect of fermented swine manure improved positively as application rate of urea increased. Net energy for lactation(NE1) and TDN content in corn decreased as application rate of SMFWS and SS increased, but crude protein(CP) content increased by the application of SMFWS and SS. NE, and TDN contents in SMFWS treatments were lower than those in SS treatments, but CP content in SMFWS was higher than that in SS. The growth and nutritive value of corn were improved by the application of mineral fertilizer. (Key words : Swine manure, Swine sluury, Compost, Zea may, TDN, Net energy)

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.115-122
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• 2000

This study was carried out to determine a fertilization rate for productivity and nutritive value improvement of silage corn, using two kinds of composts, and to examine the potential possibility of utilization as an organic fertilizer. The experiment was conducted on the field plot at Gongiam, Kwangju, Kyunggi-Do for 3 years, from 1996 to 1998, and arranged in split-plot design with three replications. The main plots were two kinds of composts such as swine manure fermented with sawdust (SMFWS) and swine manure fermented without sawdust (SMF). Subplots were the nitrogen fertilization rates (0, 100, 200, 300 and 400kgN/ha/year). The dry matter (DM) yield increased as the nitrogen fertilization rate increased up to a rate of 300 kg N/ha, but decreased at rate of 400 kg N/ha. Dry matter yield in SMFWS treatment was higher than that of SMF treatment, but there was no significant difference between SMFWS and SMF treatments. Net energy for lactation (NEI) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) in corn increased as the fertilization rate of SMFWS and SMF increased, and crude protein (CP) content increased by the fertilization of SMFWS and SMF. No difference of CP, NEI and TDN was found between SMFWS and SMF treatments.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.59-70
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• 2012

This experiments was conducted to investigate the influence on the growth of Sorghum ${\times}$ Sudangrass hybrid by use of various organic fertilizer and investigated their productivity, feed value and stock carrying capacity. In the results, the application of fermented poultry manure showed 93.6ton/ha, 19.6ton/ha, 1.12ton/ha, 11.31ton/ha of fresh yield, dry matter yield, crude protein (CP) yield and total digestible nutrients (TDN) yield but there were no significant differences with the application of poultry by-product compost (poultry manure with sawdust) and swine by-product compost (swine manure with sawdust). And the average value of $K_{CP}$ and $K_{TDN}$ showed the highest one as 9.45head/ha/yr in the application of fermented poultry manure. However, organic matter content of fermented poultry manure to the lower portion of 32.1% compared to other organic fertilizers could imagine that mineralization of fermented poultry manure was fairly advanced and plant used most of nitrogen in fermented poultry manure, so productivity of Sorghum ${\times}$ Sudangrass hybrid was shown more than other organic fertilizers. If other organic fertilizers use continuous, this difference can be considered to be reduced further. As a result, fermented poultry manure is better than other organic fertilizers in productivity, feed value and stock carrying capacity due to the higher content of mineralizable matters. In addition, mixing poultry manure with cow and swine manure is better choice because cow and swine manure will meet a low organic matter in poultry manure.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.131-138
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• 2000

This experiment was carried out during the period from September, 1997 to October, 1998 to determine the effect of fermented saw-dust pig manure (FSP) application on the herbage production on a mixed pasture in the Cheju brown volcanic ash soil. Split plot design (main plot: 3 nitrogen application levels of 0, 150 and 300 kgiha; sub plot: 4 pig sawdust manure levels of 0, 3, 6 and 12 tonha) was used. Plant height and dry matter yield increased significantly with an increase of nitrogen and FSP level. There was no difference in the botanical composition of grasses as affected by FSP application level, but herbage yields of grass species were increased by nitrogen application compared to that without nitrogen application. Botanical composition of white clover decreased with an increase of nitrogen application, but increased with an increase of FSP application level. Percentages of weeds were not affected by application rates of chemical nitrogen fertilizer and swine manure in the mixed species pasture. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contents of species in the pasture significantly increased with increasing application rates of nitrogen fertilizer. In conclusion, it would be an optimum to apply 150 kgha of inorganic chemical fertilizer and plus either 3 or 6 toniha of fermented swine manure with sawdust for optimum production of mixed pasture on Cheju Island. (Key words : Herbage production, Botanical composition, Morphology, Plant mineral contents)

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.31-40
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• 2000

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of application levels of swine manure fermented with sawdust(SMFS) and degree of the slope on productivity of corn, and nitrogen and organic matter runoff in corn cultivation soil. Main plots were consisted of the degree of slope, such as 0, 5 and 10, and the subplots consisted of application levels of SMFS, such as control, 200kgNha and 400kgNha. Lysimeter was constructed with 0.33m width, 3m length and 0.4m height. Dry matter(DM) yields of corn decreased as the slope increased but there was no significant differences between the degree of the slope. DM yields increased significantly as application levels of SMFS increased (pc0.05). DM yields decreased according to continuous cultivation of corn. Total nitrogen(TN) contents of the whole corn decreased as the slope increased(p<0.05). TN content in SMFS treatments was higher than that of non-SMFS treatment but there was no significantly different between SMFS treatments. TN yields decreased significantly as the slope and the application level of SMFS increased(p<0.05). Nitrogen and organic matter yields in the runoff waters increased as the slope and application levels of SMFS increased. The runoff of nitrogen and organic matter was more affected by the increase of the slope than application levels of SMFS. (Key words : Corn, Runoff, Swine manure, Degree of slope, Lysimeter)

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.331-340
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• 2008

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of the type of swine manure on herbage productivity, the properties of soil and environmental pollution in mixed grassland. The field experiment was carried out on Livestock Breeding Station, Chonbuk in Korea from Nov. 2002 to Nov. 2005. Experimental plots were consisted of the types of swine manure, such as additional swine manure fermented with sawdust (SMFWS)+urea 50% and swine slurry (SS)+urea 50%. And then, chemical fertilizer (Urea) is used as control. DM yields of herbage were not different between chemical fertilizer and the type of swine manure. Feed values (CP, NDF, ADF, TDN) were not different between chemical fertilizer and swine manure treatments. After finishing with the experiment, Organic matter contents in soil increased. Organic matter, available phosphorous and Ca contents in swine manure treatment were higher than those of chemical fertilizer (p<0.05). $NO_3$-N and $NH_4$-N concentrations in leaching water in the mixed grassland was hardly influenced by application of swine manure and urea, whereas $NO_3$-N and $NO_3$-N levels in leaching water were less than 5 ppm.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.177-186
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of the types and rates of application of animal manure on productivity of silage corn and environmental pollution in silage corn cultivation soil. The experiment was confirmed in lysimeter which was constructed with 0.30m diameter, and 1 m depth. This study was arranged in split plot design. Main plots were the types of cattle slurry (CS), swine manure fermented with sawdust (SMFS) and chemical fertilizer (CF), Subplots were the application rates of animal manure, as urea, such as 100, 200 and 400 kg N $ha^{-1}$. Dry matter(DM) and nitrogen yields of silage corn enhanced as increased application rates of CS, SMFS and CF (p<0.05). DM yield reveals that there is an decrease in order of CF>CS>SMFS (p<0.05). Crude protein (CP) contents of the whole silage corn increased as increased application rates of CS, SMFS and CF. IN addition, $NO_{3^-}N$ content in leaching water by application of animal manure reveals that there is an decrease in order SMFS>CF>CS (p<0.05). However, $NH_{4^-}N$ content was hardly influenced by application of animal manure, and $NH_{4^-}N$ content increased with application rates increased. $PO_{4^-}P$ content in leaching water by application of animal manure reveals that there is an decrease in order of SMFS>CF>CS. $PO_{4^-}P$ increased as increasing application rates (p<0.05), whereas $PO_{4^-}P$ in leaching water maintained a low levels.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.71-80
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• 2004

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of the type and application season of animal manure (AM) on herbage productivity, efficiency of nitrogen utilization in mixed grassland. Main plots were the types of AM, such as cattle feedrot manure (CFM), swine manure fermented with sawdust (SMFWS) and cattle slurry (CS). Subplots were the seasons of AM application. such as application in autumn or in spring as single dressing. and application in autumn and spring as a 50:50 split dressing. The results obtained where summarized as follows ; 1. Herbage productivity and nutritive value were hardly influenced by type and application season of AM. 2. Nitrogen efficiency of CFM and CS was lower than that of SMFWS. 3. Organic matter (OM) content in the soil was not significantly different by the type and application season of AM. OM content among AM treatments was the highest with CFM and the lowest with CS. 4. Nitrogen content of the soil was hardly influenced by the type and application season of AM and not affected by the interaction between the type and application season of AM.