• Mycobiology
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.115-118
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• 2004

A composting technique was assessed to enhance efficiency in oyster mushroom substrate. Poplar sawdusts and by-product of winter mushroom added by 10% of rice bran were composted outdoors at $20^{\circ}C$ to $28^{\circ}C$ for 12 days. The duration of fermentation was shortened 3 days in fermented sawdust plot. The yield obtained from waste cotton substrate with fermented poplar sawdust was 742 g, whereas the yield from control 663 g. In addition, the substrate with by-product of winter mushroom was the most effective to composting. It was useful to apply the fermented sawdust and by-product to waste cotton for compost and sporophore production of oyster mushroom.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제18권11호
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• pp.1521-1531
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• 2008

새송이 버섯파치 발효액(0, 0.5%, 1% 및 1.5%)의 급이가 돼지의 혈액 성분 및 돈육의 품질에 미치는 영향을 실험하였다. 돼지의 혈중 총 지질, 총콜레스테롤 및 중성지방은 대조군에 비해 1.5% 첨가군에서 유의적으로 감소되었다. HDL-, LDL-, VLDL-콜레스테롤 함량은 대조군과 처리군간의 유의차가 없었다. 동맥경화 지수 및 심혈관 질환 위험지수는 대조군에 비해 1.5% 발효액 급이군에서 유의적으로 낮았다. GOT, LDH 활성도는 1.5% 첨가군에서 대조군 및 0.5% 첨가군에 비해 유의적으로 낮았다. 혈중 항산화 활성은 $45.92{\pm}2.46{\sim}47.25{\pm}1.64%$의 범위로 유의차가 없었다. 돈육의 기호도는 대조군해 새송이 버섯파치 발효액을 급이한 돈육에서 유의적으로 높았으나, 각 실험군간의 유의차는 없었다. 돈육 등심의 명도는 저장 1일에 유의차가 없었으나, 저장 20일에는 증가되는 경향이었고, 적색도는 새송이 버섯 발효액의 첨가량 및 저장 기간에 따른 유의차가 없었다. 가열감량은 새송이 버섯파치 발효액 1% 및 1.5% 첨가 급이군에서 저장 10일부터 감소하다가 저장 20일에는 다소 증가하였다. 전단가는 저장 20일에 대조군에 비해 새송이 버섯파치 발효액 1% 및 1.5% 첨가 급이군에서 유의적으로 낮았다. 저장기간 동안 돈육의 수분, 조지방 함량 및 pH의 변화는 유의차가 없었다. TBARS의 함량은 저장기간이 경과함에 따라 모든 처리군에서 증가되었으나, 대조군에 비해 새송이 버섯파치 발효액 첨가 급이군에서 다소 낮았다. 새송이 버섯파치 발효액 첨가 급이 시 포화지방산에 대한 불포화 지방산의 비율(UFA/SFA)은 1% 및 1.5% 첨가군에서는 저장 15일까지 감소되다가 저장 20일에는 다시 증가되어 대조군과 비슷한 경향이었다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제18권10호
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• pp.1360-1368
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• 2008

새송이 버섯과 그 부산물인 버섯파치, 균체파치 및 버섯파치 발효액의 기능성을 알아보기 위하여 이화학적인 특성, 항산화능 및 아질산염 소거능을 분석 비교하였다. 수분은 발효액에서 $89.37{\pm}0.42%$로 가장 높았고, 조단백질 함량은 새송이 버섯에서 1.72%로 가장 높았다. 조섬유는 균체파치를 제외한 시료에서 10% 미만이었다. 무기질은 발효액에서 3,696.1 mg/100 g으로 가장 높았고, 칼륨의 함량이 가장 많았다. 아미노산의 함량은 새송이 버섯에서 989.59 mg/100 g으로 가장 높았으며, glutamic acid가 가장 많았다. 전자공여능은 버섯파치 발효액에서 가장 우수하였으며, 발효액의 메탄올 및 물추출물(10 mg/ml)에서 각각 $64.07{\pm}0.23$, $76.27{\pm}1.46%$이었다. 환원력은 발효액이 새송이 버섯 및 파치에 비해 유의적으로 높았으며, 10 mg/ml의 발효액 첨가 시 물추출물에서 $2.22{\pm}0.03$으로 가장 높았다. SOD 유사활성은 발효액의 경우 2.5 mg/ml 첨가 시 50% 이상의 활성이 있었다. 메탄올 및 물추출물에서 10 mg/ml 첨가 농도에서 균체 파치를 제외한 모든 시료에서 50%이상의 활성을 보였다. Hydroxyl radical 소거능은 균체파치 메탄올추출물의 $1{\sim}5\;mg/ml$ 첨가구를 제외한 모든 실험군에서 50% 이상의 소거능을 보였다. 아질산염 소거능은 pH 2.5의 반응 조건에서 pH 4.0보다 우수하였으며, 메탄올추출물에서는 $42.93{\pm}1.71{\sim}72.97{\pm}2.18%$, 물추출물에서는 $57.66{\pm}1.80{\sim}81.07{\pm}0.81%$로 모든 시료에서 물추출물이 메탄올추출물보다 높았다. 따라서 새송이 버섯파치를 이용한 발효액은 항산화 활성이 우수하여 기능성 식품이나 사료로서의 개발 가능성이 기대된다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.199-207
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• 2012

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of fermented mushroom (Flammulina velutipes) by-products on meat quality characteristics in fattening Berkshire pigs. The fermented diet mainly contained 40.0% mushroom by-products, 26.0% rice bran, and 20.0% formula feed and was fermented for 5 d. The basal diet for the control (C) was substituted with 10% (T1), 30% (T2), 50% (T3), and 70% (T4) fermented diet. Warner-Bratzler shear forces (WBSF) were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in treatments than that in C. The meat color (lightness, redness, and yellowness) was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in treatments than that in C, whereas fat color (redness and yellowness) was significantly higher in treatments than that in C (P < 0.05). The compositions of palmitoleic acid and arachidonic acid were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in T4 than that in C. The amino acid composition of longissimus dorsi (LD) and the sensory evaluation of cooked meat were not affected by diet type. In conclusion, a diet of fermented mushroom by-products increased pH and backfat color, but decreased cooking loss, WBSF, and meat color of LD in growing-fattening Berkshire pigs.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권11호
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• pp.1575-1581
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• 2012

This study evaluated the effect of dietary supplementation of microbially-fermented spent mushroom substrates (MFSMS) on weight gain, carcass characteristics, and economic efficiency of Hanwoo steers. Highly cellulolytic bacteria (Enterobacter spp. and Bacillus spp.) isolated from spent mushroom substrates (SMS) stacks were inoculated (1% v/v) into the SMS, which was anaerobically fermented and fed to the steers for 12.6 months during the growing and fattening periods. Growing Hanwoo steers were assigned to the control group without supplementation of Microbially-fermented SMS (MFSMS), to a treatment group with 50% of MFSMS (1/2 of the ad libitum group), and to a treatment group with ad libitum access to SMS (the ad libitum group). All the groups were fed the formulated feed and rice straw. The voluntary intake (DM basis) of MFSMS was 1.6 kg/d during the growing period and 1.4 kg/d during the fattening period. The voluntary rice straw intake decreased by 6 to 11%, but the total voluntary DMI increased by 7 to 15% with MFSMS fed. The increased DMI with MFSMS supplementation resulted in a tendency of increased (p = 0.055) live weight gain by 8 to 12% compared with the control group. At slaughtering, the supplementation of MFSMS increased (p<0.05) the ribeye area by an average of 10 cm2. In conclusion, feeding MFSMS improved growth performance and carcass traits of Hanwoo steers and could successfully replace a part of conventional roughage such as rice straw commonly used in Asian countries.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.651-659
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• 2017

This study aimed to estimate the effects of replacing Mushroom By-Product (MBP) with Tofu By-Product (TBP) on the chemical composition, microbes, and rumen fermentation indices of Fermented Diets (FDs). The basal diet was formulated using MBP, TBP, rice bran, molasses, and inoculants. The MBP in the basal diet was replaced with TBP at 0, 5, and 10% on Dry Matter (DM) basis for the experimental diets. The experimental diets were fermented at $39^{\circ}C$ for 144 h. Chemical composition, pH, microbes, and rumen fermentation indices of the FDs were analyzed. With increasing TBP replacement, crude protein content of FDs increased (L, P < 0.001), whereas crude ash content decreased (L, P = 0.002). Lactic acid bacteria and Bacillus subtilis contents in the TBP-replaced FDs were higher than those in the control (P < 0.05), whereas pH level and mold count were lower (P < 0.05). With increasing TBP replacement, in vitro rumen digestibility of DM (L, P = 0.053) and neutral detergent fiber (L, P = 0.024) increased, wheres rumen pH changed (P = 0.026) quadratically. Rumen total volatile fatty acid (L, P = 0.001) and iso-butyrate contents (Q, P = 0.003) increased with increasing TBP replacement. In conclusion, this study indicates that the replacement of MBP with TBP could improve the quality of FD.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.676-682
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• 2004

버섯 추출물을 첨가하여 유산 발효시킨 버섯발효유와 이때 사용된 버섯 추출물 및 버섯발효유 상등액의 항당뇨 효과를 규명하고자 Sprague-Dawley 수컷에 streptozotocin을 50 mg/kg body weight씩 복강내 주사하여 당뇨를 유발시켜 검토하였다. 버섯발효유, 상등액 및 버섯 추출물을 식이 중에 10% (v/w)씩 동량 첨가 한 식이를 3주간 급여한 후 혈당치, 인슐린 농도 및 경구당부하실험을 실시하였다. 버섯발효유의 이화학적 성분을 분석 한 결과 단백질 2.87%, 지방 0.09%, 탄수화물 6.0%, 식이섬유 0.3%, 락토스 2.01%, 슈크로스 1.23% 및 칼슘과 철 성분을 각각 95.9 및 0.08 mg/l00 g함유하고 있었다. Streptozotocin-유발 대조군 당뇨쥐에 비해 버섯발효유 투여군에서 현저한 혈당강하 효과가 있었으며, 이러한 효과는 인슐린 농도증가에 의한 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 버섯발효유 상등액 및 버섯 추출물에도 혈당강하 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 실험 종료시점에 실시한 경구당부하실험에서도 버섯발효유, 상등액 및 추출물 순으로 현저한 효과를 보였다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때 혈당강하 효과가 있는 버섯과 유산균을 접목한 버섯발효유 제조는 이들 상호간의 시너지 효과에 의해 당뇨성 흰쥐에서 현저한 항당뇨 효과를 발휘하였다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.273-280
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• 2020

Volatile compounds in fermented ascidians Halocynthia roretzi were analyzed to identify key flavor compounds using SPME/GC/MSD (solid phase microextraction/gas chromatography/mass selective detector) after 60 days of fermentation at 5℃. The control was chopped ascidians subject to anti-browning and 4% salt treatment. product A was made from product C by adding an alcohol extract of red peppers and onion peel, 0.1% of glucose, and 0.55% of mixed amino acids (MAA; 0.05% Glu, 0.1% Pro, 0.3% Ala, and 0.1% Gly). After blanching and anti-browning treatment of chopped ascidians, Product B1 was made by adding 3% anchovy sauce and 6% sorbitol. Product B2 was made by adding 0.1% glucose and 0.55% MAA to Product B1. In total, 78 compounds were identified, including 31 alcohols, 15 aldehydes, and 10 ketones. The alcohols included 12 compounds from the C8-C10 series with floral and fruit odors, including octanol, 3-methyloctanol, 2,6-dimethyl-1-heptanol, (E)-5-octen-1-ol, 6-methyloctanol, (E)-3-octen-1-ol, (E)-3-decen-1-ol, (Z)-1,5-octadien-3-ol, and nonanol. These were detected in high amounts in ascidians and all fermented products. Aldehydes (octanal, (E)-2-octenal, 2,4-heptadienal, and nonanal) and ketones (1-oten-3-one and 2-heptanone) with fatty and mushroom odors were detected as major compounds, whereas nine ethyl esters were detected only in product A.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권10호
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• pp.1478-1486
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• 2014

The present experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of dietary fermented by-product of mushroom, Pleurotus ostreatus, (FBPM) as a fish meal (FM) replacer in juvenile Amur catfish, Silurus asotus. A total number of 225 fish averaging $5.7{\pm}0.1g$ ($mean{\pm}standard$ deviation) were fed one of the five experimental diets formulated to replace FM with FBPM at 0%, 5%, 10%, 20%, and 30% ($FBPM_0$, $FBPM_5$, $FBPM_{10}$, $FBPM_{20}$, and $FBPM_{30}$, respectively). At the end of eight weeks of the experiment, average weight gain (WG) of fish fed $FBPM_0$ or $FBPM_5$ were significantly higher than those of fish fed $FBPM_{20}$ or $FBPM_{30}$ diets (p<0.05). However, there was no significant differences in WG among the fish fed $FBPM_0$, $FBPM_5$ or $FBPM_{10}$, and between fish fed $FBPM_{10}$ or $FBPM_{20}$, and also between those fed $FBPM_{20}$ or $FBPM_{30}$ diets. Lysozyme activity of fish fed $FBPM_0$ or $FBPM_5$ were significantly higher than those of fish fed $FBPM_{10}$, $FBPM_{20}$ or $FBPM_{30}$ diets (p<0.05). The chemiluminescent response of fish fed $FBPM_5$ was significantly higher than those of fish fed $FBPM_0$, $FBPM_{20}$ or $FBPM_{30}$ diets (p<0.05). Broken line regression analysis of WG suggested that the maximal dietary inclusion level for FBPM as a FM replacer could be 6.3% without any adverse effects on whole body composition and on serological characteristics. Therefore, these results may indicate that the maximal dietary inclusion level of FBPM as a FM replacer could be 6.3% in juvenile Amur catfish.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.201-208
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• 2014

This study was conducted to evaluate the ensiling characteristics and the in situ degradability of a by-product feed (BF)-based silage. Before ensilation, the BF-based mixture was composed of 50% spent mushroom substrate, 21% recycled poultry bedding, 15% ryegrass straw, 10.8% rice bran, 2% molasses, 0.6% bentonite, and 0.6% microbial inoculant on a wet basis and ensiled for up to 4 weeks. The BF-based silage contained on average 39.3% moisture, 13.4% crude protein (CP), and 52.2% neutral detergent fiber (NDF), 49% total digestible nutrient, and 37.8% physically effective $NDF_{1.18}$ on a dry matter (DM) basis. Ensiling the BF-based silage for up to 4 weeks affected (p<0.01) the chemical composition to a small extent, increased (p<0.05) the lactic acid and $NH_3$-N content, and decreased (p<0.05) both the total bacterial and lactic acid bacterial counts from $10^9$ to $10^8$ cfu/g when compared to that before ensiling. These parameters indicated that the silage was fermented and stored well during the 4-week ensiling period. Compared with rice or ryegrass straws, the BF-based silage had a higher (p<0.05) water-soluble and filterable fraction, a lower insoluble degradable DM and CP fraction (p<0.05), a lower digestible NDF (p<0.05) fraction, a higher (p<0.05) DM and CP disappearance and degradability rate, and a lower (p<0.05) NDF disappearance and degradability rate. These results indicated that cheap, good-quality BF-based roughage could be produced by ensiling SMS, RPB, rice bran, and a minimal amount of straw.