• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.255-265
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• 2008

The objective of this study was to evaluate the docosahexaenoic acid(DHA) levels of meats and eggs from chickens which were fed fermented soybean meal(FSM) by marine microalgae(Schizochytrium mangrovei MM103). The diets contained different amounts of FSM at 0, 3, 5 and 10%. DHA content of carcass was increased with dietary FSM. DHA amounts in the breast meat were higher in the 10% FSM diet(2.21%) than the 5%(1.65%) and 3%(1.18%) FSM, and similar results were observed in the leg meat(10% FSM: 2.21%; 5% FSM: 1.65%; and 3% FSM: 1.18%, respectively) and in eggs(10% FSM: 2.02%; 5% FSM: 1.22%; and 3% FSM: 0.73%). The level of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids such as DHA(22:6n-3) in the FSM treatment was significantly higher than those of the other groups(P<0.05). The results demonstrated that FSM by marine microalgae could be used to enhance DHA amounts in chicken meats and eggs.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.711-718
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• 2002

In order to investigate the effect of feeding browses on the incidence of abortion in pregnant Korean native female goats, 20 pregnant does(3${\sim}$4 month) were used as experimental animal and they grouped 4 treatments with 5 heads according to experimental diets. Each group was fed pine browse, pine browse silage, fermented pine browse, or oak browse silage. Browses intake a day was 0.36kg for oak browse silage, 0.28kg for pine browse, 0.24kg for pine browse silage, and 0.14kg for fermented pine browse. Salmonella and Fungi were not found in pine browses but they were found in oak browse silage in the amount of 7.93${\times}$$10^3$ and 11.1${\times}$$10^1$ cfu/g, respectively. E. Coliwas found 11.67${\times}$$10^1$cfu/g in oak browse silage. The incidence of abortion was 60% for fermented pine browse, 40% for pine browse silage, and 20% for pine browse feeding. Abortion did not occur by feeding oak browse silage. Progesterone concentration was similar each other regardless of normal delivery or abortion at delivery day but the concentration of estradiol was higher for normal delivery, concentration of cortisol was decreased until the delivery day in normal but increased in abortion does. The results were suggested.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.5-11
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• 2010

We conducted comparative study on metabolizable energy content of extracts of angelica keiskei and its byproduct. Total six different groups consisting of five test groups treated with angelica keiskei and one control group were compared. Each of the five test groups were given 30% of one of whole plant, extracts, fermented of extracts, byproduct and extracts plus byproduct, respectively, mixed with AIN93M. After 3 days of adjustment period, all groups were subjected to 4 days of test period during which the amounts of feed intake and excretion were measured everyday. All feces were treated for the prevention of decomposition and changes before its energy content were measured using a bomb calorimeter. The amount of excretion was $4.8\;{\pm}\;0.3\;g$/rat/3 days in control group and 9.9-15.0 g/rat/3 days in the groups were added with extracts of angelica keiskei indicating that the angelica keiskei-treated groups produce 2-3 times more excretion. Metabolic energy of control diet was 4,133.3 kcal. This was found to be 15 to 20% higher compared with the metabolic energy content ranging from 3,117.0 kcal/kg (extracts of angelica keiskei) to 3,259.8 kcal/kg (extracts plus byproducts) angelica keiskei-treated groups. This is interpreted as the result of the decreased metabolic energy in the test diets were substituted with 30% of ngelica keiskei-treated ingredient which has low metabolic content itself. One notable finding is that the metabolic content of the group mixed with byproducts and extracts (1,763.0 kcal/kg) is 27% higher than that of extracts of angelica keiskei (1,286.8 kcal/kg) indicating that mechanical grinding increases the rate of digestion and absorption increasing, in turn, the energy content used in the body. The results of analysis of overall caloric absorption showed absorption rate in order of Whole plant < extracts < byproduct < extract plus byproduct < fermented of extract.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.315-320
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• 2009

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of fermented apple pomace (FAP) and cinnamon on performance, blood profile and meat quality in broiler chickens. A total of six hundred, day old male broiler chicks (Cobb) were randomly divided into 5 groups with 4 replicates of 30 birds each. The treatment groups were; negative control (antibiotic-free diet), positive control (basal diet with 0.05% antibiotics and 0.03% anticoccidials), FAP 1.0%, cinnamon 0.1% and FAP 1.0% + cinnamon 1.0%. The body weight of the broilers fed the diets containing FAP 1.0% was higher than the other treatments during overall period. No synergistic effect in growth performance (weight gain and feed conversion rate) was found when FAP with cinnamon were fed to broilers. No significant differences were observed on the concentration of serum blood chemical. the TBARS was lower in the chickens fed 1.0% FAP diet compared to those of negative group and positive group. These results suggest the possibility that fermented of apple pomace could be used as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters to improve the performance and meat quality of broiler chickens.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.409-415
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• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of supplementation of fermented wheat bran (FWB) on growth and blood characteristics in weaned pig. A total of 36 weaned pigs ($Landrace{\times}Yorkshire{\times}Duroc$; BW, $7.78{\pm}0.04kg$) were randomly allocated to three dietary treatments with different FWB concentrations (0, 0.5, and 1.0%), and each treatment had 3 replicate pens with 4 pigs per pen. The FWB was obtained from a mixture of wheat bran and two microbes (Lactobacillus plantarum M10 and Saccaromyces cerevisiae) and was determined to contain $10.19{\pm}0.27log\;CFU/g$ of L. plantarum and $7.73{\pm}0.38log\;CFU/g$ of S. cerevisiae. Experimental diets were prepared by mixing 0 (control), 0.5, or 1.0% of the FWB to the basal diet, and fed to the weaned pigs for 7 weeks. During the experimental period, the pigs had access to the diet and water ad libitum. Feed intake increased significantly in the 1.0% FWB group compared to the control and 0.5% FWB groups (p < 0.05), whereas the other growth parameters were not different among the treatment groups. White blood cells and lymphocytes were significantly decreased in the FWB treatment groups compared to the control group, but other blood corpuscles were not different among the treatment groups (p < 0.05). The pigs fed 0.5% FWB showed greater serum IgG than the control and 1.0% FWB groups (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the FWB fed to weaned pigs did not negatively affect their growth performance, but rather reduced mortality by fortifying immunity.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.1705-1709
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• 2011

This study was carried out to investigate the feeding effects of the dietary supplementation of fermented spent mushroom (Pleurotus eryngii) substrates with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CS47 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (F-SMS) on growth performance and carcass characteristics of Hanwoo steers. Thirty two Hanwoo steers were allocated into two feeding groups and assigned equally to two dietary treatments; Control (commercial formula feed for Hanwoo steers and rice straw) and TMR including 30% F-SMS. The nutritional values of TMR including 30% F-SMS was higher crude protein (11.67%) and TDN (72.11%) than rice straw, but not significantly different from commercial formula feed (p<0.05). Feed intake was significantly greater in the TMR including 30% F-SMS than the control (p<0.05), but body weight gain and carcass grades were not influenced by the experimental diets. Based on this study, fermented spent mushroom (Pleurotus eryngii) substrate with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CS47 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae is may be used as an ingredient of feed in TMR for Hanwoo steer.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.882-886
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• 2003

Effect of kochujang (Korean red pepper soybean paste) on the reduction of body weight and lipid levels of adipose tissues and serum were investigated in the rats fed a high-fat diet. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed for four weeks with diets containing either a normal diet (ND, based on the AIN-76TM diet), high fat diet (HFD, supplemented with 20% corn oil in ND), CK diet (10% commercial kochujang in HFD), TK I diet (10% 0 day (non-) fermented traditional kochujang in HFD), TKII diet (10% 6-month fermented traditional kochujang in HFD), or RPP diet (3% red pepper powder in HFD). CK, TK I and TKII in the diet significantly reduced the body weight gain compared to the control (HFD), whereas red pepper powder had no such effect. TKII supplementation in the high-fat diet reduced epididymal and perirenal fat pad weight significantly (p<0.05). Liver total lipid was lower in TKII diet group than other kochujang and RPP diet groups. TKII and CK decreased the content of triglyceride in epididymal and perirenal fat pad that increased by high-fat diet. The cholesterol content of the perirenal fat pad was the lowest in the TKII diet group. TKII was also effective in lowering serum cholesterol level. These results indicated that properly ripened (fermented for 6-month) traditional kochujang exhibited more suppressive effects on body fat gain and lipid levels of adipose tissue and serum than RPP, commercial kochujang and the kochujang without fermentation.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.275-279
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• 2005

This study investigated the effect of dried food-waste diets (FW) fermented by Aspergillus oryzae (AEW), on egg Production and egg qualify in laying hens. One hundred sixty eight laying hens, 50 week old, ISA-Brown wtrain were randomly distributed into 7 treatments with 3 relpicates of 8 birds per replicate and fed with standards laying hen diet replaced with FW and AFW at die=rent level Basal Diet, 25, 10, $75\%$, respectively. There was a significant decrease in feed intake for FW $50\%$ diet and egg Production was statistically lower in all W diet treatments(p<0.05). Water consumption was increased as the replacement increased. Egg weight, egg shell thickness and strength were similar among treatments. However, egg yolk color and Haugh unit showed distinct differences when W were added to their diets(p<0.05). No difference was observed in egg yolk cholesterol. It seems that FW diet could decrease the egg Production, but would be able to improve egg Quality. From this results, AO seemed applicable to laying hen diet as supplements.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.271-278
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• 2007

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of fermented wild-ginseng culture by-product on egg production, egg quality and blood characteristics in laying hens. A total of 216 ISA Brown laying hens, 55 wk of age, were used in the 6-wk feeding trial. Experimental diets were consisted of basal diet (CON), 2.5% fermented wild-ginseng culture by-product replaced lupin in basal diet (WG1) and 5.0% fermented wild-ginseng culture by-product replaced lupin in basal diet (WG2). Birds were randomly allotted to 18 replicate pens. There were 6 replicates per treatment, and 12 laying hens per replicate. Through the 6-wk feeding trial, egg production was significantly increased in WG1 and WG2 treatments compared to CON (P<0.05). Egg weight was significantly higher in WG2 than CON (P<0.05). WG1 resulted higher yolk color than CON (P<0.05). Albumen height and Haugh unit were significantly improve in WG1 compared to WG2 (P<0.05). Red blood cell was significantly lower in WG2 than CON (P<0.05). LDL-cholesterol was significantly decreased in CON compared to WG2 (P<0.05). In conclusion, fermented wild-ginseng culture by-product could improve egg production and egg weight in laying hens.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.521-529
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• 2010

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate multi-microbe submerged liquid (SLF) and solid substrate (SSF) fermented probiotic products in broilers. The SLF and SSF probiotics were comprised of Lactobacillus acidophilus ($1.1{\times}10^9$ and $4{\times}10^8$ cfu/g), Bacillus subtilis ($1.1{\times}10^9$ and $4{\times}10^9$ cfu/g), Saccharomyces cerevisiae ($1.5{\times}10^7$ and $1.0{\times}10^4$ cfu/g) and Aspergillus oryzae ($2.6{\times}10^7$ and $4.3{\times}10^7$ cfu/g), respectively. In Exp. 1, 640 day-old Ross chicks were allotted to 4 treatments, each comprising 4 replicates (40 chicks/replicate). The basal diet was prepared without any antimicrobials (negative control, NC), and 20 mg/kg avilamycin (positive control, PC), 0.3% SLF and 0.3% SSF probiotics were added to the basal diets as treatments. Birds fed PC and SSF diets showed improved (p<0.001) overall weight gain and F/G than birds fed NC and SLF diets; whereas, birds fed SLF diet had better weight gain and F/G than birds fed NC diet. Retention of CP was higher (p<0.05) in birds fed the SSF diet than birds fed PC, SLF and NC diets. Birds fed the SLF diet tended to have higher (p<0.10) cecal total anaerobic bacteria than birds fed PC and NC diets; whereas, lesser cecal coliforms were noticed in birds fed PC, SLF and SSF diets than birds fed the NC diet. In Exp. 2, 640 day-old Ross chicks were randomly allotted to 4 treatments in a $2{\times}2$ factorial arrangement. Each treatment had 4 replicates (40 chicks/replicate). Two different multi-microbe probiotic products (0.3% SLF or SSF) each with two different antibiotics (10 mg/kg colistin, or 20 mg/kg avilamycin) were used as dietary treatments. Birds fed the SSF diet had greater weight gain (p<0.001), better F/G (p<0.05), greater retention of energy (p<0.001) and protein (p<0.05), and lesser cecal Clostridium (d 35) than birds fed SLF diet. Birds fed the colistin-supplemented diet had less (p<0.01) cecal coliforms when compared with birds fed the avilamycin diet. Additionally, birds fed the avilamycin diet had greater energy retention (p<0.05) than birds fed the colistin diet. Thus, the results of this study suggest the multi-microbe probiotic product prepared by a solid substrate fermentation method to be superior to the probiotic product prepared by submerged liquid fermentation; moreover, feeding of probiotics with different antibiotics did not elicit any interaction effect between probiotic and antibiotic.