• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.528-533
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• 2009

The fermentative quality and quantitative change in anthocyanin of anthocyanin-rich corn (Zea mays L.) during storage and in vitro ruminal fermentation were studied. The anthocyanin-rich corn silages in bag silo, drum silo and round bale had good fermentative qualities, such as low pH (5% DM) and butyric acid-free, and its quality was maintained for more than 370 d. The amount of anthocyanin in the anthocyanin-rich corn decreased after ensiling by about 45% (from 3.34 to 1.88 mg/g DM), but stayed constant after day 60. The in vitro incubation of the anthocyanin-rich corn with ruminal fluid revealed little degradation of anthocyanin. These results indicate that the anthocyanin had no negative effect on silage fermentation, and the anthocyanin-rich corn silage is utilizable for practical use as a feedstuff. Our results also demonstrate alteration of the anthocyanin content during storage, and show that anthocyanin-rich corn is a suitable antioxidant source for ruminants because of the high stability of the anthocyanin in ruminal fluid.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.679-690
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• 2013

This study was conducted to investigate the properties of rice makgeolli stored with different quantities of Cheonnyuncho fermentative extract (1%, 3%, 5%). Plain rice makgeolli(control)and cheonnyuncho-containing rice makgeolli(cheonnyuncho makgeolli) were stored and ripened for 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 days at $5^{\circ}C$. The mineral contents of cheonnyuncho Makgeolli was higher than that of rice makgeolli. At the end of storage periods, the pH value of 1% cheonnyuncho makgeolli was higher than that of rice makgeolli. Of the major organic acids found in cheonnyuncho makgeolli (succinic, lactic, acetic, phosphoric, and malic), succinic acid had the highest concentration. Similarly, of all the free sugars, glucose was the most prominent. Before storage, hunter color L and b values were the highest in control followed by 1%, 3% and 5% cheonnyuncho makgeolli. At the end of storage period, color a value decreased in 1% cheonnyuncho makgeolli, whereas it increased in 3% and 5% cheonnyuncho makgeolli. The antioxidative effect of makgeolli was seen in 3% cheonnyuncho makgeolli. Total viable counts were the lowest in 3% cheonnyuncho makgeolli at the end of storage periods. A sensory evaluation test showed that the taste of cheonnyuncho-containing makgeolli was significantly better than that of control. From these results, we conclude that addition of cheonnyuncho fermentative extract at a concentration of 1-3% is suitable for the manufacturing of makgeolli products.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제58권4호
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• pp.362-366
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• 2013

이 연구는 조제방법에 따른 수확시기별 청보리의 사료가치 및 발효품질을 평가하기 위하여 실시하였다. 그 결과, 청보리 원재료의 사료가치는 수확시기가 늦어짐에 따라 조단백질, NDF와 ADF 함량은 감소하고, TDN 함량은 증가하였다(P<0.05). 이러한 수확시기별 사료가치의 변화는 사일리지에서도 제조 전과 같은 경향이었으며, 사일리지 제조 전후를 비교하여 볼 때, 조단백질과 섬유소 함량이 다소 증가되는 경향을 보였다. 조제방법별로 볼 때 베일과 초퍼에 따른 사료가치의 차이는 보이지 않았다. 사일리지의 pH는 모든 처리구에서 수확시기가 늦어질수록 높아지는 경향을 보였고, 유기산 함량은 사일리지 조제방법에 관계없이 수확시기가 늦어질수록 줄어드는 경향이었으며(P<0.05), 조제방법별로 볼 때 품종에 관계없이 일반수확보다 초퍼에서 젖산함량이 약 23%정도 증가하는 경향이었다(P<0.05). 이상의 결과를 종합하여 볼 때, 청보리는 황숙기에 수확하는 것이 유리하며, 베일보다는 초퍼로 사일리지를 제조하는 것이 발효품질을 향상시킬 수 있는 방법이라고 사료된다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.174-178
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• 2014

The present study was planned to analyze the nutritional quality, microbial counts and fermentative acids in Italian ryegrass (IRG) 80% and alfalfa 20% (IRG-HV) mediated silage inoculated with lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as a probiotic strain for 3 months. Crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF), total digestible nutrient (TDN) and In-vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), lactic acid bacteria (LAB), yeast and fungi counts and fermentation metabolites such as lactic acid, acetic acid and butyric acids were analyzed. The result shows that the nutritional quality and metabolite profiles of silage were significantly improved with LAB. For microbial counts, LAB showed dominant followed by yeast as compared with control silage. The pH of the silage also reduced significantly when silage inoculated with LAB. The result confirmed that silage preparation using different crops with L. plantarum inoculation is most beneficial for the farmers.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.48-54
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• 1990

In order to investigate effects of starch addition on the fermentative quality and dry matter digestibility (DMD) of Kudzu, Puerarie thunbergii Bentham plants were ensiled by the conventional method in small experimental plastic silo of 7.5 liter with different levels of starch addition. The fermentative quality, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and acid detergent lignin (ADL) of silage were determined by chemical analysis, and in vitro dry matter digestibility (DMD) by pepsin-cellulase technique. Total digestibile nutrients (TDN), digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) were calculated with DMD. The results obtained were as follows; 1. Acetate, butyrate, PH, NDF, ADF, and ADL of Kudzu silage were reduced with increasing of starch addition but the contents of lactate and total acid were increased. 2. The DMD was marked 47.5, 49.5, 51.2, 57.9 and 62.0 % under starch addition with a rate of 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 %, respectively. 3. TDN, DF and ME were increased with high rate of starch addition. 4. The regression equation and correlation of Kudzu silage between level of starch (X) and DMD (Y) were Y= 41.6 + 1.86 X (I= 0.96, P < 0.01), of silage between Flieg's score (X) and DMD (Y) were Y= 41.6 + 0.23 X (I= 0.96, P < 0.01) and of silage between level of starch (X) and Flieg's score (Y) were Y= 21.3 + 7.97 X (I= 0.97, P < 0.01), respectively.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.807-811
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• 2005

This experiment examined the characteristics of fermented juice of epiphytic lactic acid bacteria (FJLB) prepared by the addition of glucose, sucrose and molasses as a fermentation substrate. The effect of FJLB on the fermentative quality and changes in chemical composition during fermentation of guineagrass silage were also investigated. The pH value of the silages treated with FJLB rapidly decreased, and reached to the lowest value within 7 days of start of fermentation, as compared to the control. The number of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in the treated silages increased for the first 3 days, thereafter the number of LAB declined gradually up to the end of the experiment. Silages treated with FJLB had larger populations of LAB than the control. Ammonia-nitrogen production increased throughout the ensiling period, which in the control and no-sugar added FJLB silages were higher than the other treated silages. Lactic acid levels varied with the time of ensiling and among the silage treatments. For any sugar FJLB treated silages, the lactic acid increased initially, and then slightly reduced to less than 50 g/kg of dry matter until 49 days after ensiling, except the silage treated with glucose added FJLB. Nevertheless, lactic acid content of the control decreased constantly from the beginning of ensiling and was not found after 35 days. Moreover, acetic acid content increased throughout the ensiling period. All the FJLB treated silages had significantly (p<0.05) lower pH and ammonia-nitrogen content, while significantly (p<0.05) higher lactic acid content and V-score value compared with the control. This study confirmed that the applying of FJLB with any sugar substrate improved fermentative quality of silage.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.169-173
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• 2014

The aim of present study was to improve the quality of silage using lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and chlorella as a supplement. Italian ryegrass (IRG) mediated silage was prepared with lactic acid bacteria (L. plantarum) and different concentration of chlorella. We analyzed the nutritional profiles such as crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF) neutral detergent fiber (NDF), total digestible nutrient (TDN) and in-vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), microbial counts and fermentative acids such as lactic acid, acetic acid and butyric acid in the control and experimental silage after three months. It shows increased crude protein content and also maintains the rest of nutritional values as compared with control silage. LAB inoculation with chlorella as supplementation slightly reduced the pH of the silage. In addition, it increased the fermentative acids production as compared with control silage and inhibits the undesired microbial growth especially fungi in the silage. Therefore, we suggest that LAB inoculation and chlorella supplementation to the IRG mediated silage could be improved the nutritional quality of the silage which is an intrinsic feature for the application in the preparation of animal feeds and functional foods.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.770-775
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• 1994

포장김치의 유통기간 연장과 관련하여 저장은도(0, 10, $20^{\circ}C$)별로 발효가스 압력변화와 PH, 총산합량, 색상 및 관능적 품질변화를 측정하여 그 상관관계를 검토하였다. 발효가스압력은 각 온도에서 모두 일정 정체기틀 갖은 후 S자형으로 증가하는 경향을 나타내었으며, 저장 중 가스압력이 중가함에 따라 $20^{\circ}C$에서는 40시간, $10^{\circ}C$에서는 5일,$0^{\circ}C$에서는 30일 이후부터 포장이 팽대하기 시작하였다. 이때의 각 포장구 내루압력은 $1.2{\sim}1.4\;psig$ 범위였고 이후 가스압력이 계속 증가하여 $20^{\circ}C$에서 저장 3일째, $10^{\circ}C$에서 저장 8일째에 포장이 파열되었으나$0^{\circ}C$에서는 파열되지 않았다. 또한 가스압력이 증가할수록 pH는 비례적으로(r>0.968) 감소하였으며, 총산 함량은 비례적으로(r>0.973) 중가하였다. 김치액상의 색변화에서 L과 b값은 지수적으로 감소하였으나 a값은 서서히 증가하였고, 김치 숙성과 관련있는 색지수$(L{\cdot}b/a)$도 저장중 지수적으로 감소하였다. 관능검사 결과, 신맛온 pH가 감소함에 따라 증가하였고 조직감은 점차 감소하였으며, 전체 기호도는 $20^{\circ}C$에서 저장 2일후에 가장 높았다가 5일후부터 현저히 낮아졌고, $10^{\circ}C$에서는 저장 5일후에 가장 기호도가 높았으며, $0^{\circ}C$에서는 24일까지 전체 기호도가 증가하다가 그 이후에 서서히 감소하였다. 결론적으로 저장온도가 높을수록 저장기간 중 김치 자체는 상미를 유지함에도 불구하고 포장이 팽대되는 현상이일어나므로서 상품성을 잃는 결과를 초래하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권12호
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• pp.1897-1902
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• 2018

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of homo or hetero fermentative inoculants on fermentation quality and aerobic stability of sweet potato vine (SPV) silage containing Italian ryegrass hay as moisture absorbent. Methods: The SPV was harvested at 15% dry matter, mixed with Italian ryegrass hay at 1:1 ratio on a fresh weight basis, and chopped to 3 to 5 cm length. After then, the chopped forage mixture was ensiled into 20-L mini silos in quadruplicate for 7, 48, and 100 days after application of microbial inoculants at $1.2{\times}10^5$ colony forming units (cfu)/g of forage following: no inoculant (CON), Lactobacillus plantarum as a homo fermentative (LP), Lactobacillus buchneri as a hetero fermentative (LB), and mixture of LP and LB at 1:1 ratio as a combo fermentative (MIX). Results: The LP and MIX silages had lowest pH (p<0.001) on 7 and 48 days, while MIX and CON silages had greatest lactate concentrations (p<0.05) on 7 and 48 days, respectively. Acetate concentrations were highest (p<0.01) in LB and MIX silages on 7 days, and in LB silage on 48 days, while lactate to acetate ratios were lowest (p<0.001) in LB silages. The chemical compositions and nutrient digestibility of silage ensiled for 100 days was not affected by inoculants. On 100 days of ensiling, LB silage had lowest (p<0.01) lactate concentration and lactate to acetate ratio, but highest acetate concentration. Aerobic stability was highest (p<0.001) in LB silage followed in MIX silage. On contrast, LB silage had lowest (p<0.05) lactic acid bacteria and mold. Conclusion: The results indicated that application of LB solely had a better effect on aerobic stability than not only LP, but also MIX. However, LP application did not show beneficial effects from the viewpoints of fermentation quality and aerobic stability compared to CON.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.189-191
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• 2010

기호도가 높으면서 생리기능성이 우수한 배 음료를 개발하고자 배와 딸기를 혼합하여 시판 알콜 발효 효모인 Saccharomyces cerevisiae C-2로 발효시켰다. 이 발효액을 감압 농축하여 얻은 농축물로 음료를 제조한 후 $20^{\circ}C$와 $40^{\circ}C$에서 8주까지 저장하면서 품질과 생리 기능성변화를 조사하였다. 발효 농축물은 항고혈압활성인 엔지오텐신전환효소 (ACE) 저해 활성이 70.8%로 우수하였고 이를 이용하여 제조한 배 음료는 $20^{\circ}C$에서 8주까지 pH와 생균수 및 항고혈압성 ACE저해 활성 등이 큰 변화가 없이 안정하였다.