• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.179-184
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• 1982

The behavior of continuous flow culture of Lartobacillus bulgricus was investigated by application of Monod's kinetic model. The parameters obtained from Monod's chemostat theory successfully predicted the behavior of the chemostat. Then, it was found that Monod's kinetics were applicable to the growth rate dependence on glucose concentration. Under steady-state condition, the maximum growth rate, saturation constant, and wash out were found to be 0.62/hr, 7.69 g/1, 0.51/hr of continuous culture. And the optimum condition for the highest cell production was 0.41/hr in dilution rate, and at that point the cell production rate was 0.178g/1 hr.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.990-996
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• 2005

The effect of diets varying in level and source of nitrogen (N) and fermentable organic matter on dynamic characteristics of microbial populations in rumen liquor and their impact on substrate fermentation in vitro was studied. The diets tested were straw alone, straw+concentrate mixture and straw+urea molasses mineral block (UMMB) lick. The same diets were taken as substrates and tested on each inoculum collected from the diets. Diet had no effect on the amino acid (AA) composition of either bacteria or protozoa. Differences among the diets in intake, source of N and OM affected bacterial and protozoal characteristics in the rumen. Upper asymptote of gas production (Y$\alpha$) had a higher correlation with bacterial pool size and production rate than with protozoal pool size and production rate. Among the parameters of the gas production model, Y$\alpha$ and lag time in total gas has showed significant (p<0.01) correlation with bacterial characteristics. Though the rate constant of gas production significantly differed (p<0.01) between diet and type of straw, it was least influenced by the microbial characteristics. The regression coefficient of diet and type of straw for Y$\alpha$ indicated that the effect of diet on Y$\alpha$ was threefold higher than that of the straw. As microbial characteristics showed higher correlation with Y$\alpha$, and diet had more influence on the microbial characteristics, gas production on a straw diet could be used effectively to understand the microbial characteristics.

• The Korean Journal of Food & Health Convergence
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• v.5 no.6
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• pp.17-21
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• 2019

This article addresses issues related to environmental pollution.Particular attention is paid to the prevention of environmental pollution by livestock waste, which prompted the creation of closed ecological and biotechnical systems as environmentally closed production structures that can fit into the equilibrium system of the environment with minimal damage to it. An energy-saving and environmental protection technology for the processing and disposal of livestock waste with a maximum coefficient of energy transfer to livestock products has been developed, which consists in a combined treatment of waste in three stages, by transferring waste from one technological module to another, which makes it possible to completely utilize mineral substances in waste. The focus is on vermicultivation, microalgae cultivation and anaerobic fermentation in a bioenergy plant. To increase the productivity of growing microalgae, the authors proposed a deep type cultivator with submerged movable light sources.The technological parameters of the bioenergy installation for waste treatment are determined. An energy-saving and environmental-friendly technology has been developed for processing The main contribution of the study is the development of energy-saving and environmental technology for the processing and disposal of livestock waste with a maximum coefficient of energy transfer to livestock products.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.1342-1350
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• 2009

This paper investigates the production and optimization of $\beta$-galactosidase enzyme using synthetic medium by Kluyveromyces lactis NRRL Y-8279 in stirred tank bioreactor. Response surface methodology was used to investigate the effects of fermentation parameters on $\beta$-galactosidase enzyme production. Maximum specific enzyme activity of 4,622.7 U/g was obtained at the optimum levels of process variables (aeration rate 2.21 vvm, agitation speed 173.4 rpm, initial sugar concentration 33.8 g/L, incubation time 24.0 hr). The optimum temperature and pH of the $\beta$-galactosidase enzyme produced under optimized conditions were $37^{\circ}C$ and pH 7.0, respectively. The enzyme was stable over a pH range of 6.0-7.5 and a temperature range of $25-37^{\circ}C$. The $K_m$ and $V_{max}$ values for O-nitrophenol-$\beta$-D-galactopyranoside (ONPG) were 1.20 mM and $1,000\;{\mu}mol/min{\cdot}mg$ protein, respectively. The response surface methodology was found to be useful in optimizing and determining the interactions among process variables in $\beta$-galactosidase enzyme production. Hence, this study fulfills the lack of using mathematical and statistical techniques in optimizing the $\beta$-galactosidase enzyme production in stirred tank bioreactor.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.11-16
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• 2003

Jeungpyun was prepared with different ratios of makkulli leaven to water in order to examine the changes in its quality characteristics. The results on the height and volume of the samples showed that Jeungpykn prepared with the ratio of 1 makkulli leaven to 2 water showed the highest degree of fermentation. Texture profile analysis, Hunter's color and sensory evaluation of jeungpyun were carried out for 4 days from the day of its steaming, to see its quality changes. In texture profile analysis, the hardness, gumminess and chewiness increased in all samples as the time elapsed, and at the same time texture parameters were increased as the water ratio increased. As the water ratio increased, L value was increased; however, a value and b value were decreased. The results of sensory evaluation showed that Jeungpyun prepared with the ratio of 1 makkulli leaven to 2 water had the most favorable sensory qualities.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.165-177
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• 2004

This study was accomplished to examine possibilities to apply Korean medicine to breamaking. Extracts of Chungpesagan-tang prepared by the prescription of Korean medicine were used for baking, instead of water among ingredients of baking. Effects of addition of extracts of Chungpesagan-tang on various baking properties were analyzed during the process of baking. Changes in pH values and volumes of doughs during fermentation and pH values of bread showed no differences among samples. Loaf volumes and specific loaf volumes were increased somewhat on addition. The values of cohesiveness, springness, gumminess and brittleness of breads, which were measured by rheometer, were increased on addition while those of hardness were decreased a little. Lightness values of sections of loaves were decreased on addition, but their color differences were increased largely on color difference meter. There were nearly little differences among samples in all the values of parameters of external and internal characteristics and eating qualities of breads by sensory evaluation. Re-purchasing attitude of pullman bread added with Chungpesagan-tang had a high in the gender and age.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.195-201
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• 2010

Due to its carbon-neutral nature, biogas generated from anaerobic digestion or fermentation of biodegradable wastes is one of the important renewable energy sources to reduce global warming. It is mainly composed of methane and various inert gases such as $CO_2$ and $N_2$, and the actual composition of biogas significantly varies depending on the origin of anaerobic digestion process. Therefore, in order to effectively utilize this fuel as an energy source for electricity, it is important to develop power generation engines which can successfully apply biogas with significant composition variations. In this study, efforts have been made to develop a diesel-biogas duel fuel engine as a way to achieve such a stable power generation. The effects of diesel fuel injection quantity and pressure on stable combustion and engine performance were investigated, and an impact of diesel fuel atomization was discussed. The engine test results show that there exists a 2 stage combustion which consists of diesel pilot fuel burning and premixed biogas/air mixture burning in dual fuel engine operation and optimum diesel injection parameters were suggested for biogases with various compositions and heating values.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.356-360
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• 2018

The fermentation of medicinal herbs facilitated by microbes is assumed to exert promising therapeutic efficacy on the absorption, bioavailability, and pharmacological effects by speeding up the making or conversion of active constituents into their metabolites. We examined the cardioprotective potential of fermented ginseng, GBCK25, against high-fat diet (HFD)-induced metabolic and functional illnesses as following the essential analysis such as electrocardiographic parameters, alterations of body and organ weights, and echocardiographic studies. The results exhibited that body weights were significantly reduced and the gain of different organ weights were partly eased by GBCK25 treatment. Echocardiography results proposed the amelioration of heart function through normalized levels of left ventricle systolic pressure, ejection fraction, and fractional shortening. These outcomes deliver straight confirmation that GBCK25 could be a potential nutraceutical source for the relief of HFD-induced obesity mediated cardiac dysfunctions.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.461-468
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• 2016

One of the important phytohormones produced by plant growth promoting bacteria is the auxin; indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), with L-tryptophan as the precursor. In this study, we focused on the investigation of optimal conditions for the production of IAA by Bacillus megaterium BM5. We investigated culturing conditions, such as incubation temperature, pH of the culture medium and incubation period, with varying media components such as inoculation volume, tryptophan concentration and carbon and nitrogen source. Besides, optimization study intended for high IAA production was carried out with fermentation parameters such as rpm and aeration. The initial yield of $42{\mu}g\;IAA\;ml^{-1}$ after 24 hr increased to $85{\mu}g\;ml^{-1}$ when 5% (v/v) of L-tryptophan was used in the culture broth. The maximum yield of $320{\mu}g\;IAA\;ml^{-1}$ was observed in trypticase soy broth (TSB) supplemented with starch and soybean meal as C and N sources with a C/N ratio of 3:1 (v/v) at $30^{\circ}C$, pH 8.0 for 48 hrs with 1.0 vvm and 250 rpm in 5 L working volume using 10 L scale fermenter. The bacterial auxin extracted from the culture broth was confirmed by thin layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography and effect on plant growth was confirmed by root elongation test.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.374-378
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• 2011

This study was performed to evaluate enhanced effect of fermented Galgeun tang (GGT) and Ssanghwa tang (SHT) on the anti-platelet aggregation. Platelet aggregation assay was performed In vitro using human platelet rich plasma(PRP) and In vivo using SD-rat plasma by platelet aggregometer. Pharmacodynamic parameters, $E_{max}$ and $EC_{50}$, were calculated using Winnolin. SD-rats administered 1 g/kg of oriental medicine every 12 hr for 8 days. Platelet aggregation was measured by optical method with collagen inducer (4 ${\mu}g$/ml). In In vitro anti-platelet study, $EC_{50}$ of GGT-A was lower than that of GGT-con about 79.13 ${\mu}g$/ml. And $EC_{50}$ of SHT-A and SHT-B was lower than that of SHT-con about 122.73 and 110.15 ${\mu}g$/ml, respectively. It is assumed that fermented GGT and SHT were more effective than original medicine. In multiple administration study, anti-platelet effect was significantly increased both GGT and SHT. Fermented GGT and SHT were more effective than original herbal medicine on anti-platelet aggregation.