• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.223-228
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• 2022

Femtocells are being incorporated into heterogeneous networks in order to increase the network capacity. However, intensive deployment of femtocells results in undesired interference, which lowers the system's performance. Controlling the femtocell transmission power is one of of the aspects that can be addressed in order to mitigate the negative effects of the interference. It may also be utilized to facilitate the auto-configuration of the network's conductance, if necessary. This paper proposes the use of an auto-configuration technique for transmission power. The suggested technique is based on the transmission power of macrocells and the coverage provided by femtocells. The simulation findings show that the network's capacity has increased, and the amount of interference has decreased.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.75-86
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• 2014

Demand for the femtocell is largely credited to the surge in a more always best connected communication conscious public. 3GPP defines new architecture and security requirement for Release 9 to deal with femtocell, Home eNode B referred as HeNB. In this paper, we analyze the HeNB security with respect to mutual authentication, access control, and secure key agreement. Our analysis pointed out that a number of security vulnerabilities have still not been addressed and solved by 3GPP technical specification. These include eavesdropping, man-in-the-middle attack, compromising subscriber access list, and masquerading as valid HeNB. To the best of our knowledge, any related research studying HeNB security was not published before. Towards this end, this paper proposes an improved authentication and key agreement mechanism for HeNB which adopts proxy-signature and proxy-signed proxy-signature. Through our elaborate analysis, we conclude that the proposed not only prevents the various security threats but also accomplishes minimum distance from use-tolerable authentication delay.

• KIISE Transactions on Computing Practices
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.101-106
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• 2016

A femtocell network has been attracting attention as a promising solution for providing high data rate transmission over the conventional cellular network in an indoor environment. In this paper, we propose a distributed power control algorithm considering both indoor coverage and data load balancing in the femtocell network. As data traffic varies by time and location according to user distribution, each femto base station suffers from an unbalanced data load, which may degrade network performance. To distribute the data load, the base stations are required to adjust their transmission power dynamically. Since there are a number of base stations in practice, we propose a distributed power control algorithm. In addition, we propose the simple algorithm to detect the faulty base station and to recover coverage. We also explain how to insert a new base station into a deployed network. We present the simulation results to evaluate the proposed algorithms.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.38C no.9
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• pp.764-774
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• 2013

The number of users and data packets has increased in 4G cellular networks. Therefore, 4G cellular network providers suffer from the network capacity problem. In order to solve this problem, femtocell concept is suggested. It can reduce the coverage hole and enhance the QoS. However, only small number of femtocells experience the large amount of loads. To solve this problem, Mobility Load Balancing (MLB) algorithm is suggested, which is a kind of load balancing algorithm. To distribute the traffic load, MLB algorithm modifies the handover region. If the handover region is reduced by MLB algorithm, some cell edge users are compulsively handed over to neighbor femtocell. In this paper, we analyze the relation between MLB performing period and performance indicators. For example throughput and blocking probability is reduced, if period is decreased. On the contrast, if period is increased, the number of handover frequency is decreased. Using this relation, we suggest the adaptive periodic MLB algorithm. This algorithm includes the advantage of both long period and short period MLB algorithm, such as high throughput, the small number of handover frequency, and low blocking probability.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.19-26
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• 2012

The deployment of mobile femtocellular networks can enhance the service quality for the users inside the vehicles. The deployment of mobile femtocells generates a lot of handover calls. Also, numbers of group handover scenarios are found in mobile femtocellular network deployment. The ability to seamlessly switch between the femtocells and the macrocell networks is a key concern for femtocell network deployment. However, until now there is no effective and complete handover scheme for the mobile femtocell network deployment. Also handover between the backhaul networks is a major concern for the mobile femtocellular network deployment. In this paper, we propose handover control between the access networks for the individual handover cases. Call flows for the handover between the backhaul networks of the macrocell-to-macrocell case are proposed in this paper. We also propose the link switching for the FSO based backhaul networks. The proposed resource allocation scheme ensures the negligible handover call dropping probability as well as higher bandwidth utilization.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.39B no.2
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• pp.61-74
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• 2014

In recent years, development of femtocells are receiving considerable attention towards increasing the network coverage, capacity, and improvement in the quality of service for users. In 3GPP LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) system, to efficiently utilize the bandwidth, femtocell and macro cell uses the same frequency band, but this deployment poses a technical challenge of cross-tier interference to macro users. In this paper, the novel quality of service based fractional power control (QoS-FPC) scheme under the heterogeneous networks environment is proposed, which considers the users priority and QoS-requirements during the power allocation. The proposed QoS-FPC scheme has two focal points: firs, it protects the macrocell users uplink communication by limiting the cross-tier interference at eNB below a given threshold, and second, it ensures the optimization of femtocell users power allocation at each power adjustment phase. Performance gain is demonstrated with extensive system-level simulations to show that the proposed QoS-FPC scheme significantly decreases the cross-tier intereference and improves the overall users throughput.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.38B no.4
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• pp.257-265
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• 2013

In this paper, we proposed a Dynamic Channel Assignment (DCA) scheme called Graph Coloring based DCA (GC-DCA) to improve system performance for downlink femtocell networks with high density femto Access Point (AP) deployments. The proposed scheme consists of two steps: one is a femto AP grouping step considering interference and the other is a DCA step considering Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR) for femto User Equipments (UEs). Simulation results show that the proposed GC-DCA outperforms other schemes in terms of the mean femto UE capacity and probability of femto UEs which have capacities less than a given transmit rate.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.367-373
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• 2022

Femtocells have recently been recognized for their potential to boost network capacity, improve end-user QoS and throughput, and do so at a cheap cost and with ease of implementation. The use of femtocells in indoor environments, such as residential buildings with neighboring homes, is becoming more popular. Femtocells are subject to interference from other femtocells, and the unwanted effects of interference are amplified when femtocells are deployed in close proximity to one another. As a consequence, the network's overall performance is degraded to a significant degree. One of the strategies that is thought to be effective in reducing the impact of interference is altering the transmission power of the femtocells. In this paper, a dynamic downlink transmission power of femtocells is suggested. In accordance with the observed cost function unit, each femtocell automatically changes its transmission power. If a femtocell causes too much interference for its neighbors, its transmission power level will be limited by that interference's rate. A simulation experiment is conducted to validate the effectiveness of the suggested system when compared with other schemes. When compared to previous schemes, which are addressed in this study, the numerical results show that the proposed strategy could provide more capacity while also ideally mitigating the influence of interference among co-channel deployed femtocells.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.40 no.12
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• pp.2410-2418
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• 2015

In this paper, we consider the femto users and their mutual interference as graph elements, nodes and weighted edges, respectively. The total bandwidth is divided into a number of resource blocks (RBs) and these are assigned to the femto user equipment (FUEs) using a graph coloring algorithm. In addition, resources blocks are assigned to the femto users to avoid inter-cell interference. The proposed scheme is compared with the traditional scheduling schemes in terms of throughput and fairness and performance improvement is achieved by exploiting the graph coloring scheme.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.29-35
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• 2015

The heterogeneous LTE (Long Term Evolution)-Advanced networks comprising a macrocell and femtocells can provide an efficient solution not only to extend macrocell coverage but also to deal with packet traffics increasing explosively within macrocells. An efficient resource management scheme is necessary to maintain the QoS (Quality of Service) of mobile multimedia services because the LTE-Advanced system should support not only voice but also mobile applications such as data, image and video. This paper proposes a resource management scheme to guarantee QoS continuity of multimedia services and to maximize the resource utilization in OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) based LTE-Advanced systems. This scheme divides the resources into several service blocks and allocates those resources based on the competition between macrocell and femtocell. Simulation results show that it provides better performances than the conventional one in respect of handover failure rate and blocking rate.