• Title/Summary/Keyword: Female puberty

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Chronic kisspeptin delays puberty and reduces feed intake and body weight in female rats

  • Sathagopam, Sriravali;Ullewar, Meenal Prabhakar;Harne, Rakhi;Velmurugan, Sathya
    • Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology
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    • v.36 no.1
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    • pp.25-34
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    • 2021
  • Kisspeptin is a key player in the central control of reproductive axis. Central administration of kisspeptin has been shown to advance puberty in rats. Stimulation of hypothalamic GnRH pulse generating mechanism by kisspeptin has been proposed to be the mechanism behind the onset of puberty. We hypothesized that chronic high doses of kisspeptin administration suppresses the reproductive axis and hence delays the pubertal onset. Hence, we investigated the effect of peripheral administration of chronic high doses of kisspeptin on pubertal onset, feed intake and body weight in female rats. Rats were treated with saline or kisspeptin (100 nmoles per day; intraperitoneal) for 26 days (day 25 to day 50 postnatal) and the day of vaginal opening was marked as day of puberty. Kisspeptin treated rats had delayed pubertal onset and reduced feed intake and body weight. Gonadal GPR54 mRNA was reduced suggesting that chronic high doses of kisspeptin may suppress the reproductive functions possibly by downregulation of GPR54 receptor. However, delay in puberty due to reduction in feed intake and body weight could not be ruled out in this study. Further, our study emphasizes the importance of dosage and duration of kisspeptin administration in the manipulation of reproductive axis. Our study, for the first time, suggests that kisspeptin and its analogues, if proven beneficial, could be used to treat precocious puberty in children. It appears that, though a promising tool for enhancing fertility, kisspeptin acts as a double-edged sword and has to be cautiously used to manipulate reproduction.

Effects of early prepubertal exposure to bisphenol A on the onset of puberty, ovarian weights, and estrous cycle in female mice

  • Nah, Won-Heum;Park, Mi-Jung;Gye, Myung-Chan
    • Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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    • v.38 no.2
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    • pp.75-81
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    • 2011
  • Objective: Bisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical used extensively to manufacture plastics and epoxy resin liners for food and beverage cans. BPA, with properties similar to estrogen, has endocrine-disrupting effects. In the present study, we examined the effects of early prepubertal BPA exposure on the onset of puberty and reproductive parameters such as estrous cycle and reproductive organ weights in female mice. Methods: Female mice were injected subcutaneously at postnatal day (PND) 8 with BPA (0.1, 1, 10, 100 mg/kg) in sesame oil or with sesame oil alone. Body weight was measured from PND 10 to 70. Vaginal opening and estrous cycle were monitored from PND 20 to 29. Animals were sacrificed at PND 25, 30, and 70, and the ovary and uterus weights were measured. Results: Early prepubertal exposure to BPA (10 and 100 mg/kg) significantly decreased body weight from PND 18 to 30. BPA treated mice at testing dose levels showed early opening of the vagina compared to the control group. The number of estrous cycle and days of estrus were significantly decreased in high dose (100 mg/kg) BPA treated mice. The ovary weight at PND 25 and 30 was significantly decreased in all BPA treatment groups. Conclusion: Early prepubertal exposure to BPA accelerated the onset of puberty but decreased reproductive parameters in female mice.

The Influence of Maturity Fears and Appearance Interest on Self-concept among Lower-grade Elementary School Girls with Precocious Puberty (초등학교 저학년 성조숙증 여아의 성숙불안과 신체외모 관심이 자아개념에 미치는 영향)

  • Nam, Hyun-Jeong;Choi, Mi-Young
    • Child Health Nursing Research
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    • v.26 no.2
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    • pp.181-189
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    • 2020
  • Purpose: This study explored the relationships of maturity fears and appearance interest(interest in appearance, interest in weight) with self-concept among girls with precocious puberty. Methods: The participants for this study were 120 elementary school students (8 to 10 years old) and their parents from two hospitals located in Chungcheong Province. Data were collected from January to February 2019 using self-reported questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the independent t-test, the Mann-Whitney U test, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression analysis in SPSS for Windows version 23.0. Results: Statistically significant negative correlations were found between self-concept and maturity fears (r=-.34, p<.001) and interest in weight (r=-.29, p=.001). Maturity fears were identified as a factor affecting the self-concept of girls with precocious puberty (β=-.34, p<.001). This variable explained 11.5% of the variance in the self-concept of girls who experienced precocious puberty. Conclusion: This study confirmed that maturity fears had a major influence on self-concept in girls with precocious puberty. The results of this study can be used as basic data for the development of a psychosocial nursing intervention program for girls who experience precocious puberty.

Effect of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Exposure on the Reproductive Organs of Immature Female Rats

  • Yoo, Da Kyung;Lee, Sung-Ho
    • Development and Reproduction
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    • v.20 no.2
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    • pp.91-99
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    • 2016
  • Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an endotoxin, elicits strong immune responses in mammals. Several lines of evidence demonstrate that LPS challenge profoundly affects female reproductive function. For example, LPS exposure affects steroidogenesis and folliculogenesis, resulting in delayed puberty onset. The present study was conducted to clarify the mechanism underlying the adverse effect of LPS on the delayed puberty in female rats. LPS was daily injected for 5 days ($50{\mu}g/kg$, PND 25-29) to treated animals and the date at VO was evaluated through daily visual examination. At PND 39, animals were sacrificed, and the tissues were immediately removed and weighed. Among the reproductive organs, the weights of the ovaries and oviduct from LPS-treated animals were significantly lower than those of control animals. There were no changes in the weights of uterus and vagina between the LPS-treated and their control animals. immunological challenge by LPS delayed VO. Multiple corpora lutea were found in the control ovaries, indicating ovulations were occurred. However, none of corpus luteum was present in the LPS-treated ovary. The transcription level of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), CYP11A1, CYP17A1 and CYP19 were significantly increased by LPS treatment. On the other hand, the levels of $3{\beta}$-HSD, $17{\beta}$-HSD and LH receptor were not changed by LPS challenge. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that the repeated LPS exposure during the prepubertal period could induce multiple alterations in the steroidogenic machinery in ovary, and in turn, delayed puberty onset. The prepubertal LPS challenge model used in our study is useful to understand the reciprocal regulation of immune (stress) - reproductive function in early life.

The Relationship of Bone Mineral Density to Growing Age (유소년기 골밀도와 성장과의 상관관계)

  • Hong Sung Min;Shin Jung Sik;Han Eun Ok;Ahn Joong Hwan;Han Seung Moo
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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    • v.28 no.10
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    • pp.1451-1457
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    • 2004
  • Bone density parameters of children, unlike that of adult, might reflect growth effect along longitudinal direction as well as bone mass. The clinical test was performed for 859 male/female children with age 6-16 years. Ultrasonic imaging system was used to measure bone density, and relationship of bone density to age was evaluated. The bone quality index appeared to be highly correlated with age for male/female children. It was found that bone quality index rose rapidly in the first growth period. The bone quality index was then kept almost unchanged in the period of puberty, and slowly rose after puberty. It was also found that growth of female stopped earlier than that of male. Also, if more clinical examinations are performed by applying various sizes of region of interest, relationship between bone density and age is expected to be more reliable.

Effect of agricultural pesticide on precocious puberty in urban children: an exploratory study

  • Suh, Junghwan;Choi, Han Saem;Kwon, Ahreum;Chae, Hyun Wook;Kim, Ho-Seong
    • Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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    • v.63 no.4
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    • pp.146-150
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    • 2020
  • Background: The incidence of precocious puberty has increased throughout the 20th century. The association between precocious puberty and endocrine disrupting chemicals including agricultural pesticides has been a subject of global study, but human data are lacking. Purpose: We investigated the relationship between agricultural pesticides and the development of precocious puberty. Methods: We enrolled 60 female subjects at Severance Children's Hospital from December 2015 to January 2017. Of them, 30 were diagnosed with precocious puberty, while the other 30 prepubertal girls were enrolled as normal controls. We investigated their clinical characteristics and analyzed the urinary levels of 320 different agricultural pesticides. Results: Agricultural pesticide was detected in one of 30 patients with precocious puberty (3.3%) versus 2 of 30 girls in the normal control group (3.3% vs. 6.7%, P=0.554). Dinotefuran, a neonicotinoid-class insecticide, was detected in the samples of all 3 positive subjects. Conclusion: Our results showed no relationship between agricultural pesticides and the development of precocious puberty. Larger sample sizes and robustly controlled variables are necessary to further investigate this topic.

The growth stage study on the femur and tibia of Korean native chicken after hatching (한국 재래닭의 부화 후 성장단계별 넙다리뼈와 정강뼈 성장에 관한 연구)

  • Tae, Hyun-Jin
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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    • v.38 no.3
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    • pp.181-188
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    • 2015
  • Skeletal development of chicken has been widely discussed in industrial forums and various research reports. However, these studies were emphasis on the commercial chicken strains for improve egg and meat production whereas the skeletal quiet remains as a potential weak link related to facilitating in the physical support of heavier carcasses at ever younger ages. For that, the study of standardization of skeletal development is important but it was rarely reported in Korean native chicken (KNC). The study was investigated the skeletal characteristics of KNC for international standardization. We studied in KNC at 2, 14, 28, 42, 56, 70, 84, 98, 112, 126, 147, 168, 196, 224, 336 and 448 days after hatch (male and female, n=13 for each group). We measured the body weight (BW), and after sacrifice measured organs and remove muscle from femur & tibia and measured bone weight. Data were analyzed by ANOVA, Duncan test, correlation analysis and regression analysis of SAS 9.1. We analyzed the data of BW, femur & tibia and made growth curve also. The BW was significantly increased up to 147 days after hatch (male, $1,927.88{\pm}68.92g$; female, $1,456.00{\pm}50.11g$), and then increased gradually. At 336 days, these growth was stop (male, $2,467.00{\pm}42.84g$; female, $1,568.71{\pm}62.62g$). The growth of femur & tibia length and width was stop on 98~126 days after hatch. At 98 days, we measured the length and width of femur & tibia in male were $132.39{\pm}3.18mm$ & $25.98{\pm}0.59mm$ whereas in female at 112 days the length of femur & tibia was $116.40{\pm}1.55mm$ and at 126 days width was $21.41{\pm}0.38mm$. Our study suggests that the growth of male KNC was classified pre-puberty (0~98 days), puberty (98~336 days) and maturity (after 336 days), meanwhile female was shown similar trend however puberty period of KNC was 112 or 126 days after hatch.

Implementation and Evaluation of a Nutrition Education Program to Improve the Nutritional an Physiological Status of Female Gymnasts (여자체조선수의 영양생리학적 요인 개선을 위한 교육프로그램의 효과분석)

  • 조성숙
    • Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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    • v.5 no.1
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    • pp.50-62
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    • 2000
  • This study was conducted with 20 female gymnasts to examine the relationship between eating patterns, diet menstrual function and hematological status. According to the baseline data a nutrition counseling and education program was developed and evaluated improved the nutritional status and health of female gymnasts. Mean body weight at the onset of the study was 42.1$\pm$7.0kg and was reduced to 41.8$\pm$6.1kg after the nutrition counseling and education program. The percent of body fat was significantly reduced from 13.9$\pm$3.7% to 13.1$\pm$3.1%(p<0.01) skinfold thickness of subscapular and thighs was reduced significantly(p<0.01, p<0.05) Mean daily intake levels of energy, protein calcium iron thiamin riboflavin and niacin were significantly elevated after the nutrition counseling and education program but were lower than the Recommenced Dietary Allowances. For the nutrition knowledge and food habits, the posttest mean scores showed a significant increase. The hematological status(hematocrit, serum ferritin) and the early follicle level of estradiol were elevated to a mild degree although it was not significant,. The follicular stimulating hormone level was elevated significantly(p<0.01) Gymnastica has been one of the sports implicated by the medical profession as having probable detrimental effects. The implications of such training to childs growth and maturation have yet to be determined . Most female athletes, however, experience poor nutritional status and delayed puberty The priorities were to prepared a more effective nutrition program and education material status and delayed puberty. The priorities were prepared a more effective nutrition program and educational material for athletes coaches and adminstrators to prepare guidelines for the team physicians and coaches to follow for the physical and physiological examinations of female athletes.

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Endocrine Profiles and Blood Chemistry Patterns of Cloned Miniature Pigs in the Post-Puberty Period

  • Lee, Sung-Lim
    • Journal of Embryo Transfer
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    • v.29 no.2
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    • pp.119-125
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    • 2014
  • Although the majority of surviving pigs cloned by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) appear to be physiologically normal, there is a general lack of detailed hemato-physiologic studies for the period of early adulthood to substantiate this claim. In the present study, we investigated variation in blood chemistry and endocrinological parameters between mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from cloned and normal age-matched female and male miniature pigs. Cloned females and males showed normal ranges for complete blood count assessments. Biochemical assessments showed that ${\gamma}$-GGT, ALT and cholesterol levels of male and female clones were significantly (P<0.05 or P<0.01, respectively) higher than that of age-matched control miniature pigs. Variations in insulin and IGF-1 were higher in female clones than in male clones and controls. Thus, although female and male cloned miniature pigs may be physiologically similar to normal animals, or at least within normal ranges, a greater degree of physiological and endocrinological variation was found in cloned pigs. The above variation must be taken into account before considering cloned female or male miniature pigs for various biomedical applications.

Effects of Maternal Hypothyroidism on the Pubertal Development in Female Rat Offspring

  • Park, Jin-Soo;Lee, Sung-Ho
    • Development and Reproduction
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    • v.25 no.2
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    • pp.83-91
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    • 2021
  • The present study was performed to investigate the effect of maternal hypothyroidism and puberty onset in female rat pups. To do this, we employed propylthiouracil (PTU) to prepare a hypothyroid rat model. Pregnant rats were treated with PTU (0.025%) in drinking water from gestational day 14 to postnatal day 21 of offspring. Comparison of general indices such as body and tissue weights and puberty indices such as vaginal opening (VO) and tissue histology between control and PTU-treated rats were conducted. There was no significant difference in the date of VO between control and PTU group. The body weights of the PTU group were significantly lower, only 36.8% of the control group (p<0.001). Although the absolute thyroid weight was not changed by PTU treatment, the relative weight increased significantly about 2.8 times (p<0.001), indicating that hypothyroidism was successfully induced. On the other hand, the absolute weights of the ovary and uterus were markedly decreased by PTU administration (p<0.001), and the relative weight was not significantly changed. The ovarian histology of PTU group revealed the advanced state of differentiation (i.e., presence of corpora lutea). Inversely, the uterine histology of PTU group showed underdeveloped structures compared those in control group. Taken together, the present study demonstrates that our maternal hypothyroidism model resulted in minimal effect on pubertal development symbolized by VO despite of huge retardation in somatic growth. More sophisticatedly designed hypothyroidism model will be helpful to achieve a better understanding of pubertal development and related disorders.