• 지역연구
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.59-71
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• 2019

우리나라 연평균 근로시간은 OECD 최상위 수준이다. 장시간 근로는 근로자의 생산성을 저해하고 일과 가정의 양립을 방해하는 등 삶의 질을 하락시키는 요인이 된다. 최근 정부는 시간제 일자리를 증가하는 등 유연근로제를 장려하고 있지만, 양질의 시간제 일자리가 부족한 현실이다. 시간제 근로는 일과 개인의 삶을 병행할 수 있게 하지만, 동시에 열악한 근로환경과 부정적인 사회적 시선을 보유하여 개인의 삶의 만족도에 미치는 영향이 전일제 근로와는 다를 것으로 예상된다. 특히 여성의 경우 노동시장에서 성별 격차를 경험하고 있으며, 일과 가정의 병행이라는 측면에서 시간제 근로가 삶의 만족도에 미치는 영향이 남성과 다르게 나타날 수 있다. 본 연구는 2017년도 "서울서베이 도시정책지표조사" 자료를 활용하여 근무유형-성별의 교차효과가 개인의 삶의 만족도에 미치는 영향을 순서형 로지스틱 회귀모형을 통해 실증적으로 분석하였다. 분석결과에 따르면, 삶의 만족도는 전일제 여성, 전일제 남성, 시간제 여성, 시간제 남성 순으로 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 시간제 여성 근로자가 낮은 삶의 만족도를 가질 확률이 가장 높은 반면, 높은 삶의 만족도를 가질 확률은 가장 낮게 나타났다. 대조적으로 전일제 남성 근로자는 낮은 삶의 만족도를 가질 확률이 가장 낮은 반면, 높은 삶의 만족도를 가질 확률은 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.203-210
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• 2016

According to the research on the gender ratio of furniture design courses at universities, female students account for 70 to 80 percent of the total enrollments. Likewise, other design courses reveal the similar trend. Even though female students want to build up their career in the furniture design or related fields, the figure is not so high. There is a trend that many female designers tend to take time off or quite their jobs after their marriage for that reasons such as pregnancy, childbirth, the upbringing of children and so on. The study also shows that women with higher education feel more difficult to resume their careers after being left from economic activity for a long period; this results in the lower figure of women involved in the specialized jobs than men. In particular, the furniture companies avoid hiring old female designers because they believe that younger candidates are more capable of learning the latest style; therefore, it has become harder for the job seeks to win the competition in the job market. The data released by Statistics Korea in 2015 shows that there was the higher increase in female employees than the figure of the male workers, compared to the previous year. As it can be seen, female workforce was emerged as the new growth power; Nevertheless, the working environment and conditions haven't meet the demands from women despite the gradual rise of female job seekers inspired by their wish to achieve self-realization, gender equality. To conclude, this is to suggest the plans for the foundation and management of small-scale carpentry studios so that women, who have a degree in furniture design studies and wish to resume their careers after their long breaks, start their own carpentry studios so as to reach self-realization and feel satisfied with their work while earning their livelihoods.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.313-322
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• 2001

This study was designed to investigate actual conditions(the types and the personal physical job related factors) of fashion model in Korea. Survey was done through questionnaire data, 194 fashion models were involved survey. The data were analyzed by using frequency, cluster analysis. The results of this study were as follows : 1) The largest sample were as follows (about personal physical related factors) : unmarried, college graduate and undergraduate, resident in the Seoul, 2-24 yrs female with 175-177 cm, 52-54 kg, B-W-H (33-24-35 inch). 2) The largest sample (about job related factors) were as follows: getting private educational institution, 1-2 yrs job experience, B grade, less than 600,000 won for salaries, 100,000-190,000 won at a stage, 5-6 yrs duration of model work, inexperience in the international fashion stage, take up a foreign language, fashion magazine for fashion source, image and look of individuality for a necessary condition. The motive for job was the concern in the job. Problems with a guarantee were pointed out for the betterment working conditions. 3) The types of fashion model were classified into 4 types : the type of lack of professionalism, the type of show off one's talents, the type of dissatisfaction with working condition, the type of maturity of professionalism.

• 산업노동연구
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.269-295
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• 2011

본 논문은 파트타임근로를 통해서 짧은 시간 내에 높은 고용률 향상이라는 성과를 달성한 네델란드에서의 파트타임근로의 현황과 전망, 제도와 정책 등을 종합적으로 살펴보는 글이다. 네델란드는 파트타임근로를 통한 고용률 제고뿐만 아니라 양질의 파트타임을 만들어냈다는 점에서 주목받고 있다. 네델란드에서 파트타임근로가 증가한 것은 시장, 제도, 정책, 그리고 노사관계 등 다양한 요인들이 파트타임근로를 촉진하는 방향으로 서로 보완하면서 발전하였기 때문이다. 노동시장에서는 여성의 경제활동참가 증가와 기업의 파트타임수요의 증가라는 선순환 구조가 형성되었고, 파트타임근로를 보호하고 파트타임에 유리하도록 인센티브 구조를 재설계하며 근로시간선택권을 보장하며 보육시스템을 강화하는 제도나 정책이 지속적으로 강화되었다. 그러나 이러한 시장에서의 수요-공급의 선순환 구조와 파트타임을 촉진한 제도와 정책도 노사정 사이의 사회적 합의라는 커다란 틀 속에서 그에 기초해서 이루어진 것이었다는 점이 중요하다. 또한 거의 30년 가까지 지속된 네델란드모델은 노동시장의 문화와 관행으로 정착되어 풀타임근로나 노동시간 확대의 방향으로 전환하기는 어려운 것으로 평가된다. 따라서 네델란드 모델은 네델란드의 사회적 조건 하에서 성립한 특수한 모델이고 높은 수준의 사회적 합의를 기초로 하여 제도와 시장이 보완적으로 잘 결합되어 있는 모델이기 때문에 여타 국가가 부분적인 제도 이식을 통해서 성과를 내기는 어렵다고 판단된다.

• 한국CDE학회논문집
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.69-77
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to estimate the energy expenditure of working in a clean room for manufacturing embedded needles by ergonomic programs. Embedding needle is one of medical devices and it should be manufactured in a clean room. 3D static strength prediction program was used to analyze the slow movements during embedding needle manufacturing in a clean room. Also the energy expenditure prediction program was used to estimate energy expenditure rates for materials handling tasks to help assure worker safety and health in clean room. The energy expenditures of the tasks were calculated using prediction equations derived from empirical data. The energy expenditure rate of 3.09 kcal/min in a clean room didn't exceed the 3.5 kcal/min action limit guideline for an average 8-hour day set by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Energy consumption was calculated on the same working conditions as EEPP program, using an average body weight of female 20 years old to 59 years who would be the candidates of the real workers.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.265-273
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• 1994

In order to investigate the subjective symptoms of VDT workers according to the working condition, this qutionnaire survey was conducted on 477 workers of 11 general hospitals, 15 banks and 9 research institutions in Taejon city and Chungnam province from June, 1993 to october 1933. The following results were obtained : 1. The main subjective symptoms answered by VDT workers were "eye strain". "eye pain". "blurred vision" for eye symptoms, "fatigue", "tendency to be fed up", "impatience" for psychoneurotic symptoms and "shoulder stiffness", "neck stiffness", "low back pain" for musculoskeletal symptoms. Most of these symptoms of VDT workers higher in female than male. 2. The number of VDT workers who complained eye and musculoskeletal symptoms were significantly increased. Smoking VDT workers showed higher complained rate of eye, psychoneurotic and musculoskeletal symptoms than nonsmoking group but alcohol drinking group showed higher rate of symptoms complaints of eye and musculoskeletal symptoms than not drinking alcohol group. 3. The VDT wokers who worked longer hours continuously and more hours of daily work, complained more frequent eye and musculoskeletal symptoms. 4. All subjective symptoms showed positive correlation to the sex and daily VDT working hours.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.417-433
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• 2010

Purpose: This study evaluated the manpower planning of dental technicians. Methods: Methods : Survey was conducted regarding subject's general characteristics, characteristics of dental technician's occupational view and working conditions, and reason to enter into branches of the public health enter. The survey sample consisted of 323 dental technicians (221 male/ 102 female). Survey was conducted for one month from August 1 to September 1 in 2010. Following results were obtained. Results: 1. Regarding general characteristics of the subjects, there was a slight male predilection with 68.4%. Subjects in their 40s occupied the highest proportion of 32.2%. Majority of subjects worked in the big cities (71.5%). Favored working places were dental laboratory (57.6%) and dental hospital or dental clinic (19.5%). Although no position is available in the public sector such as public health center or health care civil servant, 9.3% preferred working in the public health center. Public sector is more favored than 2-year technical colleges or dental supply and equipment companies. In respect to education, 57% of the subjects graduated college. 67.8% were married. Subjects who specialize in the porcelain or all-ceramic were 57.9%. With regard to current position, head of the dental laboratory was most common. 2. Following occupation characteristics were found. Economic reason took the highest proportion when deciding their occupation (39.9%) followed by gaining social experience (36.5%). Majority of the subjects (76.5%) wanted to work as dental technicians until their retirement. 71.5% pursuit to become a manager of the dental laboratory. 76.1% agreed on opening a dental technician position in the public health center. Regarding an authority to lead developing the dental technician position in the public sector, majority of the subject chose ministry of health and welfare (35.6%) and Korean dental technologist association (34.7%). Employment (average, 30%) and turnover rate (average, 36.5%) of dental technology college graduates ranged from 40% to 60%. Most important factors for the employment were practical experience (41.2%) and competency (34.4%). With regard to job satisfaction, so-so as 46.7% and satisfactory was 42.7% 3. In respect to the reason for opening a position in the public health center, 'It is needed to continue denture rogram for elderly patients' obtained the highest score (4.14 point). 'Institutional devices are required to open a position for dental technicians as a public healthcare provider' received high score (4.11 point). 4. Concerning the working conditions, 'professional knowledge is required' received the highest score (4.23) followed by 'too short maternity and parental leave' (4.21). 5. Relationship between general characteristics of the subjects and favor of working in the public health center was investigated. Significant differences were found according to the current and favored working area, favored occupation, education level, marital status, and specialty. Working in the public health center was favored by following subjects: working in mid- or small-sized cities (4.16 point, p<0.05); PhD degree-holder (4.59 point, p<0.01). 6. Among general characteristics of the subjects, significant difference of working conditions was found in the following factors: gender; working areas; favored working areas; favored working positions, and education level. Majority of subjects favored working in big cities and currently work in big cities although satisfaction was comparatively low (3.75 score). 7. Future plan to work in public health center was evaluated according to occupational characteristics. Subject's intention to work in the public healthcare center was significantly affected by opening of dental technician position, leading authority, average turnover rate, and factors affecting employment. Working in the public health care center was favored by the following subjects: Dental technicians who actively supported opening of the dental technician position (4.34 point, p<0.001); subjects who thought the Korean dental technologist association is responsible for the opening of positions in the public sector (4.26 point, p<0.001); and subjects who thought that attitude and character are important for the employment (p<0.001). 8. Concerning difference of working conditions according to the occupational characteristics, significant difference was demonstrated by factors such as a reason to choose to be a dental technician, work plan, pursuing position, responsible authority, average employment rate, and job satisfaction. High standard of working conditions was required in subjects who selected to be a dental technician for the leisure time after work (s.05 point, p<0.01), who planted to work until their marriage (4.25 point, p<0.001), and who pursuit to be a manager (3.98, p<0.05). 9. In respect to influence of general characteristics on the advancement to public health centers, the coefficient of determination (R2) was 0.068 and age affected the working condition with significant difference according to the pvalue. 10. Regarding influence of general characteristics on the advancement to public health centers, the coefficient of determination (R2) was 0.335 and work plan, opening of dental technician position in the public sector, and responsible authority had significant influence over the subject's intention to work in the public health center according to the p-value. 11. With regard to the influence of general characteristics on the advancement to public health centers, the coefficient of determination (R2) was 0.091 and reason to choose to be a dental technician, work plan, and responsible authority significantly affected subject's working conditions. Conclusion: Korean society is becoming a super-aged society according to several statistics. As aged population is rapidly increasing, national health insurance plans to cover denture for senior citizen over 75 years old from 2012. Therefore, dental technicians are urgently needed in the public health centers all over the nation. Many subjects in this study planed to work until their retirement and recognized dental technician's expertise. Ministry of health and welfare and Korean dental technologist association should co-operate each other to prepare foundation and institutional devices for dental technicians to advance into the public health center. This will improve oral health of the population. This study showed urgency of medical facilities and services which meets increasing number of aged population and welfare of the population.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.311-319
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• 2020

본 연구는 기혼여성 간호사의 수면문제와 일-가정 갈등이 직무열의에 미치는 영향을 파악하고 일-가정 갈등의 매개효과를 규명하여, 직무열의를 증진하기 위한 전략을 제공하기 위해 수행되었다. 본 연구는 제5차 근로환경조사를 이용하여 이차 분석을 실시하였고, 총 259명의 기혼여성 간호사를 연구대상으로 하였다. 자료는 SPSS 24와 AMOS 24 프로그램을 이용하여 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 수면문제(β=-.33)와 일-가정 갈등(β=-.30)은 직무열의에 유의한 영향 요인이었고, 수면문제와 직무열의 간의 관계에서 일-가정 갈등의 매개효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다(p<.001). 직무열의는 이 변수들에 의해 28.0% 설명되었다. 본 연구는 기혼여성 간호사의 직무관련 웰빙을 증진하기 위하여 기혼여성 간호사가 지각하는 수면문제와 일-가정 갈등이 직무열의 예측인자임을 규명하였고, 이를 고려하여 기혼여성 간호사의 직무열의를 증진시킬 수 있는 융합 중재프로그램 개발을 위한 기초 자료로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제37권12호
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• pp.125-140
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• 1999

This study aimed to examine the sexual discrimination in the labor market. For this purpose, this study compared the work conditions, perception of sexual discrimination in the work place and job satisfaction by sex, and showed some effects of the independent variables on the two dependent variables; the perception of sexual discrimination in the work place and job satisfaction. The data were from KLFI(1995)'s National data and two OLS (Ordinary Least Square) Regression models were used. The results of this study were as follows. There were significant differences in the working conditions between two sex groups. The perception of sexual discrimination in the work place was a little low and the difference by sex was not found. The variables related to the work were more important to predict the perception of sexual discrimination in the work place rather than the general characteristics of the sample. The male workers were more satisfied with their work than the female workers. The satisfaction of their work was significantly different by the variables related to the work.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.225-229
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• 2021

Background: The socioeconomic burden of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) is significant, and kitchen work is a high-risk occupation for MSDs due to the intensive manual workload and repetitive movements that are involved. However, there are very few studies on MSDs and rest breaks as a workplace intervention among kitchen workers. This study examined the relationship between insufficient rest breaks and increased MSD risk among Korean kitchen workers. Methods: Sociodemographic and occupational factors of 1,909 kitchen workers were collected from the 3rd-4th Korean Working Conditions Survey data. Five items on rest breaks at work were categorized into two groups, "sufficient" and "insufficient." The number of MSDs and work-related MSDs (WMSDs), an outcome variable, was obtained from the sum of MSDs/WMSDs in three anatomical sites (back, neck, and upper limb, lower limb). The association between rest breaks and MSDs was estimated using zeroinflated negative binomial analyses, with adjustments for age, education level, and weekly working hours, and the analyses were stratified by sex. Results: After adjustment, significant associations were found between insufficient rest breaks and an increased risk of MSDs (odds ratio [OR] 1.68 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11-2.54) and WMSDs (OR 1.40 95% CI 1.01-1.96) among female kitchen workers. Insufficient rest breaks were significantly associated with MSDs in female kitchen workers in all three anatomical sites. Conclusion: This study emphasizes the need for rest breaks as a workplace intervention for preventing MSDs in kitchen workers. Further studies to reveal the causality of this relationship are required.