• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.459-467
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• 2002

The sex steroid hormone progesterone is essential for normal development and maturation of the endometrium in preparation for the embryo implantation and the maintenance of pregnancy. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system that is composed of IGF-I, IGF-II, IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) is also involved in the maintenance of pregnancy. In addition, liver, kidney, and uterus is a target tissue for IGF system. However, the effect of exogenous progesterone on IGF system was not elucidated in female rats. Therefore, we investigated the effect of progesterone on insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and IGF-binding proteins in serum, liver, kidney, and uterus in female ovariectomized rats. IGFs concentration was measured by radioimmuoassay (RIA) and IGFBPs levels by western ligand blotting(WLB). IGF-I concentration was increased in serum, liver, and uterus, but not in kidney of progesterone-treated ovariectomized rats, compared to control (P<0.05). IGF-II concentration was decreased in liver, but not in serum, kidney, and uterus of progesterone-treated rats, compared to control (P<0.05). IGFBP-3 was increased in serum, but not in liver of progesterone-treated rats, compared to control. IGFBP-2 was decreased in kidney, but not in others tissues of progesterone-treated rats, compared to control. These results suggest that progesterone may exert diverse physiological functions via the tissue-specific regulation of IGFs/IGFBPs system in female rats.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.311-316
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• 2021

Background: The present study investigated the association between two domains of physical activity (occupational physical activity [OPA] and leisure-time physical activity [LTPA]) and sleep duration. Methods: We investigated 3,421 paid workers from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2014-2015. Sleep duration was categorized into three categories (short for less than 5 h, optimal for 5-9 h, and long for more than 9 h). OPA and LTPA were defined in terms of answers to relevant questions. Odds ratios were calculated for sleep duration according to each physical activity domain using multinomial logistic regression models. Results: There were 464 subjects (13.6%) who showed short sleep duration, and 169 subjects (4.9%) who showed long sleep duration. Prevalence of OPA and LTPA was higher in male workers than in female workers (for OPA: 3.67% and 1.76%, respectively, p = 0.0108; for LTPA: 16.14% and 6.07%, respectively, p < 0.0001). The odds ratio of OPA for long sleep duration in female workers was 3.35 (95% confidence interval, 1.37-8.21). Otherwise, LTPA was not associated with sleep duration in female paid workers, nor both physical activity domains in male paid workers. Conclusion: Female paid workers with work-related physical activity were at risk of oversleeping. These findings also suggested that physical activity has distinct associations with sleep duration according to the physical activity domains and sex.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.222-228
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• 2023

Background: This study aimed to explore relationships between job stress and psychological adaptation and how they related to interpersonal needs through mood states among female migrant manufacturing workers. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 16 factories in Shenzhen, China. Sociodemographic, job stress, psychological adaptation and other psychological information of was collected. Structural equation modeling was performed to delineate the internal relationship between variables. Results: The hypothetical structural equation model exhibited acceptable model fit among female migrant manufacturing workers (χ² = 11.635, df = 2, χ²/df = 5.82, p = 0.003, RMSEA = 0.090, CFI = 0.972, SRMR = 0.020). Job stress was directly associated with mood states and interpersonal needs; Psychological adaptation was directly associated with mood states and indirectly associated with interpersonal needs; Bootstrapping tests demonstrated mediation effect of mood states in the way from psychological adaptation to interpersonal needs. Conclusion: Female migrant manufacturing workers who suffered stress from job and the process of psychological adaptation may have worse mood states and workers with worse mood states are more likely to develop unmet interpersonal needs, a proximal factor of suicidal ideation.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.342-350
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• 2008

This study was carried out to investigate the suitability of the pubertal assay and the enhanced TG 407 as methods for detection of endocrine-mediated effects. Thyroid function was also considered. Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were gavaged daily with 0, 25, 50, 100 mg/kg metribuzin in corn oil during 30 days. The effects of metribuzin on thyroid gland, the genital organs and thyroid hormone were measured in male and female rats. Dose of metribuzin 50 mg/kg/day increased relative weight of testis, prostate, and seminal vesicle in male rats but relative weight of thyroid gland was not significantly different from control group. Dose of metribuzin 25 mg/kg/day decreased relative weight of thyroid gland in female rats. Another purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of endocrine-disruptors as like thyroid hormone in vitro. Luciferase activity was measured to detect reaction of test chemicals and thyroid hormone response elements in HeLaTRE cell. Dose of metribuzin from 1 to 1,000 nM increased to 106-122% of luciferase activity.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.36-41
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• 2017

Background: Police work is generally sedentary although there may be situations that require physical endurance and strength, such as foot chases and arresting suspects. Factors such as excessive body fat can impede an officer's physical ability to deal with such occurrences. Our objective was to examine associations between officers' body fat percentage (BF%) and performance on a standardized fitness protocol. Methods: Data were obtained from fitness screening among 1,826 male and 115 female officers in a large US police agency. The screening consisted of a 2.4-km run, push-ups, sit-ups, and sit-and-reach test. Sex-specific body fat percentages were estimated from skinfold thickness measured using calipers. Linear regression models were used to examine unadjusted and adjusted mean scores of fitness tests across BF% tertiles. Results: The prevalence of overall fitness was 4.3 times greater in male officers and 3.6 times greater in female officers having the lowest BF% tertile compared with the highest tertile (30.3% vs 7.1% and 46.0% vs 12.8%, respectively). BF% was linearly and positively associated with the time of 2.4-km run (p < 0.001), and linearly and inversely associated with the number of push-ups (p < 0.001), sit-ups (p < 0.001), and the distance of sit-and-reach (p < 0.001) in men. Similar associations were observed in women with the exception of sit-and-reach (p = 0.122). Associations were independent of age, race/ethnicity, rank, and duty station. Conclusion: Overall, BF% was inversely associated with fitness levels in male and female officers. Future longitudinal studies should be initiated to explore the potentially causal relationship between BF% and fitness in law enforcement officers.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.77-85
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• 2018

The number of household living alone including young single adults has gradually increased. The purpose of this study is to examine the demand on housing options, additional space, shared space, community facilities, housing service for young adults living alone including college students. A total of 180 questionnaire were collected and analyzed. For housing location, commuting distance is the most important feature and amenities are the second important feature. For additional space, there is a significant difference between male and female single residents. Female residents want to install dress room most while male adults want to have a study room. For the shared house option, single adults concerns housing fee and living cost most. However, female adults concern safety and security issues much more than male ones do. The degree of preference to community facilities varies between male and female single residents. The findings suggest more differentiated approaches are needed for alternative housing options for male and female residents.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.15-25
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• 2013

This study aims to investigates the female collegian's the fear of crime in university campus. In order to deal with it, the questionnaire survey on the analysis of the female collegian's the fear of crime are conducted in 3 university campuses in Seoul. The results of the 228 questionnaires survey are analyzed in descriptive statistics through SPSS program. This study compares female collegian's the fear with male collegian's one. The result of this are the followings ; 1) The female have the bigger concerns than the male about the crime expected to happen to herself. 2) At night the female are limited in activity than male because of the fear of crime. 3) During day the female have the bigger fear of crime than the male in the space such as stairways and hallways, toilet, and elevator. 4) At night the female have the bigger fear of crime than the male in not only stairways and hallways, toilet, elevator but also pedestrian, green space, recreational space. 5) This study proved the correlation between the collegian's satisfaction about university campus safety and the collegian's satisfaction about university campus environments etc.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.79-85
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• 2009

Aim : To evaluate the pharmaceutical safety of the herbal formula Myelophil, composed of Astragali Radix and Salviae Radix, via systemic subacute toxicological study using SD rats. Methods : Forty male and 40 female SD rats were fed with Myelophil (5000, 2500 or 1250 mg/10 mL/kg) or distilled water for four weeks. Adverse effects were examined intensively by comparing the differences between normal and drug-administered groups using clinical signs, necropsies, histopathologic findings, hematology, urinalysis, and blood biochemical analysis. Results : No altered clinical symptoms including body weight, diarrhea, anorexia, death, and abnormal necropsy of major organs were observed in male or female rats. No drug-induced abnormalities in histopathological finding, hematological values, urinalysis, and blood biochemical values were found at any doses of Myelophil. Conclusion : Myelophil should be very safe when used in a clinical application with a wide therapeutic index.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.52-62
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• 2013

Objectives: To investigate the association between psychological distress and obesity among law enforcement officers (LEOs) in the United States. Methods: Self-reported data on psychological distress based on six key questions were obtained from LEOs who participated in the National Health Interview Survey (2004-2010). We used Prochaska's cut-point of a Kessler 6 score ${\geq}5$ for moderate/high mental distress in our analysis. Mean levels of body mass index (BMI) were compared across three levels of psychological distress. Results: The average age of LEOs (n = 929) was 39.3 years; 25% were female. Overall, 8.1% of LEOs had moderate or high psychological distress; 37.5% were obese (BMI ${\geq}30$). Mean BMI increased with increasing psychological distress (no distress, BMI = $27.2kg/m^2$; mild distress, $27.6kg/m^2$; and moderate/high distress, $33.1kg/m^2$; p = 0.016) after adjustment for age, race, income, and education level among female officers only. Physical activity modified the association between psychological distress and BMI but only among male LEOs (interaction p = 0.002). Among male LEOs reporting low physical activity, psychological distress was positively associated with BMI ($30.3kg/m^2$ for no distress, 30.7 for mild distress, 31.8 for moderate/high distress; p = 0.179) after adjustment, but not significantly. This association was not significant among males reporting high physical activity. Conclusion: Mean BMI significantly increased as psychological distress increased among female LEOs. A longitudinal study design may reveal the directionality of this association as well as the potential role that physical activity might play in this association.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.546-556
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• 2020

This study aims to provide basic data for food hygiene safety education by surveying the status of food hygiene safety awareness, attitude, and personal hygiene control of male and female college students in South Chungcheong Province, Republic of KOREA. From May 16 to June 30, 2019, 1,048 survey responses were collected at H University and analyzed statistically using SPSS 23.0. This study found males believed agricultural, livestock, and fisheries products (3.37, 3.08), and processed foods (3.40, 3.00) to be significantly safer, and information on food safety was easier to obtain (3.40, 3.00) than females. They were also more confident in choosing safe food (3.30, 2.97), than females. This indicates that males are more aware of food hygiene safety than females. On the other hand, females responded that they checked the expiration date (4.11, 4.40) and stored food according to characteristics (4.08, 4.30) than males, wash their hands after using the toilet(4.23 4.53) than males. This suggests that females were more aware of food hygiene attitudes and personal hygiene control than males. According to this study, college students' awareness of food hygiene safety and attitude, personal hygiene control showed a gender gap. Males had higher food hygiene safety awareness than females, but their awareness of food hygiene attitudes and personal hygiene control was lower. This suggests that differentiated food hygiene safety education is needed considering these gender differences.