• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.27 no.9_10
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• pp.1101-1111
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• 2003

The objectives of this study were to classify the contents of lifestyle of adolescents, to investigate the relationships between lifestyles and appearance behavior, and to examine how appearance behavior was influenced by lifestyles and demographic variables of male and female adolescents. The method of the study was survey research by using questionnaires. Subjects were 414 high school students in Seoul: 176 were males and 238 females. Five dimensions of lifestyles were derived by factor analysis: ‘digital orientation', 'positive activity', 'achievement orientation', 'material orientation', and ‘frugality'. Digital orientation had, in case of the male, a positive relation with body-modification need, a positive one with appearance interest in female. Positive activity had positive relations with appearance interest and body satisfaction in both male and female. Appearance interest, weight interest, and body-modification need levels were significantly higher for female than for male, whereas body satisfaction were higher for male than for female. Appearance interest of male was influenced by positive activities and social stratification. Appearance interest of female was influenced by material orientation and positive activity. Body-modification need of male was influenced by digital orientation and frugality(-), that of female only influenced by material orientation. Fashion and brand preference of male was influenced by material orientation, frugality(-), and social stratification. In case of the female, fashion was influenced by positive activity, material orientation and frugality(-), brand preference influenced by material orientation and positive activity.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.87-100
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the demographics and general clothing buying behavior according to clothing shopping orientation of female workers. A questionnaire was developed to measure clothing shopping orientation, fashion information sources, stores selection criteria, clothing purchasing frequency of a year, purchasing expenditure of clothing, the demographics. The questionnaire was administered to 775 female teacher in Chonnam. The data was analyzed using percentage, frequency, mean, factor analysis, Cluster Analysis, $\chi^2$-_test and ANOVA, Duncan test. The results of the study were as follows: 1. The female teachers were classified into four groups by the cluster analysis; indifferent shopping group, rational shopping group, conspicuous shopping group, recreational shopping group. 2. In the case of fashion information sources, significant differences were found according to shopping orientation subdivision in mass media information, information by consumer, information by marketer. 3. The stores selection criteria were significantly different depending on shopping orientation subdivision in goods and atmosphere of shop, promotion, convenience of shop's location. 4. The clothing purchasing frequency of a year were significantly different depending on shopping orientation subdivision. 5. The significant differences were found according to shopping orientation subdivision in purchasing expenditure of clothing. 7. In the demographic characteristics, significant differences were found according to shopping orientation subdivision in age, marriage, the length of one's work, income.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.665-676
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• 2007

The objects of this study were to classify the contents of life style of university students, to investigate the relationships between lifes tyle and appearance behavior(attitude toward appearance, body satisfaction, clothing attitude), and to examine how appearance behavior was influenced by life styles, male and female variables. The method of the study was survey research by using questionnaires. Subjects were 358(male 175, female 183) university students located in Junrabookdo province. In this statistical analysis, SPSS 11.5 for Windows Program was utilized to calculate frequency, percentage, mean, Factor analysis, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, t-test, Pearson's correlation, Multiple Regression Analysis. The results of this research were as follows: Five dimensions of life styles were derived by factor analysis: 'digital orientation', 'material orientation', 'positive activity', 'achievement orientation', and 'frugality'. Male and female variables have significant effects on the life style and appearance behavior. Digital & material orientation were significantly higher for male than for female, whereas positive activity, achievement orientation, and frugality were significantly higher for female than for male. Attitude toward appearance and clothing attitude were significantly higher for female than for male, whereas body satisfaction were significantly higher for male than for female. Positive activity and achievement orientation had positive relations with appearance behavior. Need value of attitude toward appearance, body satisfaction, Clothing attitude variables except of attract sex attention was influenced by positive activity and achievement orientation of life style. As a conclusion, university students' life style and male and female variables constituted important characteristics which could affect appearance behavior.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.12-19
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• 2009

Compulsive buyers are individuals who experience and routinely act on powerful, uncontrollable urges to purchase. The relationships that existed between compulsive buying behaviors among college undergraduates are associated with intended majors, self-esteem and fashion orientation for female college students between the ages of 18 and 24 were investigated. A random sample of 182 undergraduate students completed a questionnaire that contained measures of compulsive buying, self-esteem, and fashion orientation. Based on literature review, three hypotheses were proposed. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, t-test, Pearson Correlation, and Cronbach Alpha were used. The results found that the compulsive buying tendency is negatively related to self-esteem among college students among female college students. Also, the tendency toward higher levels of fashion-orientation was positively related to compulsive buying tendencies. Fashion major was more prone to have compulsive buying tendency when compared to business major. Based on these results, some implications for educators, marketers, consumers and would be suggested.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.776-789
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between lifestyle types, demographic variables, and clothing consumption orientations of male and female adolescents. The method of this study was a survey research by using questionnaires. Subjects were 393 high school students in Seoul. Four lifestyle types of adolescents were derived by cluster analysis: 'digital orientation type', 'material orientation type', 'positive enterprise type', and 'achievement orientation type'. The material oriented students spent high expense on clothes, had higher preference of imported products, had more sensuous consumption orientations, did more impulsive buying, and were more influenced by advertisements than other types of students. Digital oriented students had mothers with low educational background, low academic records, spent small expense on clothes, and had less sensuous consumption orientation. There were more male students than female students in positive enterprise type and the students of this type had upper middle academic records, had higher sensuous consumption orientation and did less impulsive buying. There were more female students than male students in achievement oriented type and this type had high academic records, had mothers with high educational background, and spent small expense on clothes. They had low level on most of the clothing consumption orientation and were especially less influenced by advertisement. This research confirms that the clothing consumption orientations are associated with the lifestyle of adolescent.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.12 no.6 s.53
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• pp.1031-1044
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• 2004

The purpose of this study were to investigate the relationships between consumer's value and sportswear's benefit sought/attribute evaluation, and to examine how sportswear's benefit sought were influenced by consumers' value and demographic variables. Subjects were 468 males and females in their teens to 30's in Seoul. Consumer's value was classified into four dimensions by using factors analysis: materialism, achievement orientation, traditionalism, and other consciousness. The value of materialism and achievement orientation had positive relations with brand orientation, fashion, appearance attraction, enterprise image, and brand advertisement of sportswear in both male and female. Achievement orientation had, in case of the male, positive relations with economics, practicality, fabrics, and quality of sportswear. In case of the female, traditionalism had positive relations with economics and practicality, and other consciousness value had positive relations with brand advertisement. Materialism was the most important in predicting brand orientation, followed by social class in both male and female. Age was the most important in predicting practicality, followed by achievement orientation in case of the male. Materialism(-) was, in case of the female, the most important in predicting practicality, followed by traditionalism, achievement orientation, and age.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.33-42
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between lifestyles and clothing shopping orientation. A questionnaire was developed to measure the lifestyle and shopping orientation of Chinese female college students. The questionnaire was distributed and collected from 217 college female students in China. The data was analyzed by mean, standard deviation, factor analysis, reliability test, MANOVA and ANOVA by SPSS package. The lifestyles of the respondents were classified into four types such as Open-mindedness, Accomplishment, Sociability, and Activities. And shopping orientation was classified into five types such as Recreational shopping, Speediness, Economic shopping, Shop and brand royalty, and Self-confidence. The result of this study were as follows; Consumers of open-minded lifestyle tended to economic and self-confident shopping. The higher accomplishment was, the higher speediness and economic shopping were. Consumers of sociable lifestyle tended to recreational, speediness, and self-confidence. The higher activities was, the higher economic shopping was. The shop and brand royalty was not shown to have the significant differences according to all of lifestyle groups. It is the factor that lifestyle were important in the clothing market segmentation of Chinese female college students

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.161-173
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• 2005

The Main objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between shopping orientations and Knit wear Buying Behavior of female college students in the U.S. age 18 to 33. The questionnaires for this survey were developed to measure knitwear purchasing behavior, including sources of information about knitwear, evaluative criteria of knit wear product, attributes f store preference for knitwear, and shopping orientation. The questionnaire was administered to 119 female college students in the University of California. The data was analyzed by percentage, frequency, mean, factor analysis, Cluster Analysis and ANOVA, Duncan Multiple Range test. The female college students were classified into five subdivisions by cluster analysis; cautious shopping group, recreational shopping group, self-confident shopping group, shopping indifferent group, price conscious shopping group. In the case of fashion information sources of knit wear, significant differences were found according to shopping orientation subdivision in observation of others' and famous people's clothing, fashion shows, fashion articles in magazines, newspapers, and on the Internet, and shop displays. The evaluation criteria of knit wear product were significantly different depending on shopping orientation subdivision in fashionable, brand and store name, appropriate for different occasion, prestige. The store attributes of knitwear were significantly different depending on shopping orientation subdivision in product knowledge of sales personnel, store atmosphere, display of merchandise, layaway payment plan, price level, ease of parking and access, and new fashion.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.477-485
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to identify the preferable motivation types in science-learning and to find out the relationship between these types and scientific achievement of students in the secondary school. The subjects of the study were the second grade 581 students sampled by random cluster sampling method in three middle schools and three high schools. Three motivation types in science learning were analyzed, and they were named to task-orientation, ego-orientation and work-avoidance. From our results, secondary school students preferred task-orientation and work-avoidance to ego-orientation. In the case of task-orientation, high school students, especially in male group, had much preferable tendency than that of middle school students (p<0.001). It is interpreted that, as the level of scientific content of texts or the cognitive level of students were higher, a preference for the motivation type was focused to the task-orientation, especially in male group. In the case of ego-orientation, the female group showed much preferable tendency than that of male group in middle school (p<0.05). However, the female group in high school students was not different from the other groups in this motivation type. In the case of work-avoidance, there were not only a significant difference between males and females in the middle school (p<0.001), but also difference between middle and high school students in female group (p<0.05). It showed that female group had much preferable tendency than that of male group, and this tendency was decreased to the higher grade students in secondary school. From the analysis of correlation between motivation types and scientific achievement, task-orientation and work-avoidance were correlated to the scientific achievement. Its results were interpreted that the scientific achievement could be accomplished by the external motivation stimulus as well as the scientific content of texts. The task-orientation were comparatively correlated to the intelligence quality. It means that the students having high intelligence quality showed much preferable for the task-orientation.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.37-53
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• 2019

The purposes of this study were to investigate Chinese female consumers' shopping orientation and clothing shopping behaviors on the internet and to find the differences in internet shopping behaviors of consumer groups segmented by clothing shopping orientation. The subjects were 417 women in their 20s and 30s from the Gillim Province, China. The research method was a survey, and the questionnaire consisted of a clothing shopping orientation subscale, clothing, their shopping behaviors via the internet, and the subjects' demographic characteristics. For data analysis, a frequency analysis, a cross-tab analysis, a factor analysis, a cluster analysis, ANOVA, and Duncan's multiple range test were performed. The results of this study were as follows. The clothing shopping orientation was derived using five factors (trend pursuit, pleasure pursuit, brand pursuit, economic pursuit, and convenience pursuit). Chinese female consumers were classified into three groups (hedonic group, ambivalent group, and practical group) by clothing shopping orientation. These three groups showed many significant differences in their clothing shopping behaviors on the internet. The hedonic group preferred the specialty and cross-border shopping malls, and considered product quality and trend as their main purchase motives. The ambivalent group considered the convenience of the purchase and trend as important motives as compared to the other groups, and they use more various product selection criteria. The practical group considered low price and convenience and the search simplicity of various products as major purchase motives. In addition, the hedonic and ambivalent groups had a higher purchase satisfaction and purchase intention from internet shopping than the practical group. This study suggested that clothing shopping orientation is one of the useful segmentation variables and fashion marketers needed to establish differentiated marketing strategies for each consumer group that is segmented by clothing shopping orientation.