• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.2981-2988
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• 2014

The Purpose of the this study was to identify reliability and validity of the Korean version of the Swallowing Quality of Life questionnaire(KSWAL-QOL). The study was performed in 71 patients diagnosed dysphagia by videofluoroscopy and 80 healthy swallowers. The reliability was good with a Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ and intraclass correlation coefficient of .86~.96 and .80~.93, respectively. The Pearson product moment correlation coefficients between KSWAL-QOL scales ranged from .17~.74 which was showed significant correlation. Healty swallowers scored higher than dysphagic patients on all scales and statistically significant differences were observed across all the scales between healthy swallowers and dysphagic patients(p<.01). Tube feeders scored lower than non-tube feeders on all scales and statistically significant differences were observed in all the scales except sleep(p<.05). There are significant difference between diet steps in all scales except eating desire, communication, fear and people on diet fourth step feeding had the highest scores on the all scales(p<.05). Because KSWAL-QOL seems to be a reliable and valid tool, it is considered to be appropriate as a tool to measure quality of life of patient with swallowing disorder.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.49-53
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• 1998

The winter-resident Korean bats, Murina leucogaster ognevi, show a circadian cycle of thermoregulation and locomotion in summer, as do other bat species in temperate regions. They are most active between dusk and dawn with body temperature (Tb) of 35-4OC, and are usually torpid in their roost sites for the rest of day with their Tb close to ambient temperature (Ta) of around 15C. The present study was conducted to determine thermogenic and thermolabile properties of the heterothermic bats that would influence their daily feeding activities and ultimately, their energy conservation strategy. Testing on active male Murina, resting metabolic rate (RMR, gauged by oxygen consumption rate) at the lower limit of thermoneutral zone (31C) was 2.0 L kq-1 h-1. The regression slope of RMR below the thermoneutral zone (an index of metabolic thermal sensitivity) was -0.38 L $kg^{-l} h^{-1} C^{-1}$. The metabolic rate at the roost Ta (15C) was 4.5 times the lowest RMR in the active state but becomes nearly zero in the torpid state. This implies that by being torpid during daytime (between dawn and dusk), the individual bats would save about 4.7 kcal each day in mid-summer. Interspecific comparisons of thermal metabolic response over a mass scale suggest that the smaller bats show a relatively higher metabolic rate in thermoneutral zone and a greater thermal sensitivity of metabolism, which follows the general principle seen in homeothermic metabolism. Thermolabile features in metabolic responses seem to be fairly common for these bats in conditions other than a fully active state. Types of thermolabile responses and their energetic significance are discussed.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.416-423
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a self-evaluation method using video recording on competency in nursing skills, self-directed learning ability, and academic self-efficacy in nursing students. Methods: The study design was a non-equivalent pre-post quasi-experimental design. The experimental and control groups were randomly assigned with 35 participants in each group. Interventions for the experimental group were video recording and students' self-evaluation of what they did. Nursing skills included in the study were tube feeding, intradermal injection, subcutaneous injection, and intramuscular injection. Competency in nursing skills was measured one time at the end of the study using a checklist. Self-directed learning ability and academic self-efficacy were measured 3 times (pre-, mid-, and post-intervention) over the 8 weeks. Independent t-test, chi-square test, and repeated measures ANOVA were used for data analyses. Results: There was no statistically significant difference for competency in nursing skills and self-directed learning ability over the 8 weeks of the practice session. There was a significant difference in academic self-efficacy by groups over time. Conclusion: Results indicate that self-evaluation method using video recording is an effective learning way to improve academic achievement in nursing students.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.449-453
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• 2015

A 7-year-old spayed female Somali-cross cat was admitted with a 4-week history of anorexia, vomiting, weight loss, and lethargy. The cat was diagnosed with hepatic lipidosis. With intensive care and nutritional support via a nasogastric feeding tube for 3 weeks, the clinical signs of hepatic lipidosis were improved. However, skin lesions were found in the left and right scapular regions during the treatment that were suspected to be due to feline skin fragility syndrome (FSFS). Intensive wound healing therapy with granulated sugar, laser therapy, and a surgical flap was conducted. Skin lesions improved uneventfully without other clinical signs or recurrence of any skin lesion for a year. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a good prognosis in a hepatic disorder and concurrent FSFS.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.249-258
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• 2002

Natural silk is formed by two proteins : the crystalline fibroin (inside the silk thread) and amorphous sericin (as a tube outside the thread). The degumming process is used to eliminate the external sericin prior to dyeing ; generally it makes use of soaps at about pH 10. Sericin is the protein constituent that "gums"together the fibroin filaments of cocoon silk. It constitutes about 25% of the weight of the cocoon, is soluble in hot water and "gels" on cooling. The removal of sericin from raw silk, known as degumming, is a simple but important process usually employing hot dilute soap or alkaline solution and occasionally dilute acids or enzymic methods. During degumming, alkali is taken up by the sericin and the free acid from the soap is formed ; this may be deposited on the fiber, reducing the rate of degumming and protecting it from hydrolysis. Alkali is often added to maintain or restore the pH of the baths, but it is rarely used alone, since it leaves the silk rather harsh in handle. If complete sericin removal is required as for printing, sodium carbonate may be added. If the pH of the bath exceeds 11, the fibroin is attacked. Recently, According to the development of electrolysis, we can be obtained the electrolytic reduction water(above pH 11.5) and electrolytic oxidation water (below pH 3). The aim of this work was to study a degumming process using electrolytic water and a possibility of sericin recovery. The new degumming process used electrolytic water operates at $95^\circ{C}$ for 2hr. without any reagents. The wastewater of this process are formed by a solution of sericin in water. This conditions suggest the study of a possible recovery of this protein (sericin) which has an amino acid composition suitable for many used in cosmetics, textile finishing agents, animal feeding, etc. The degumming process using electrolytic water is available to reduce treatment costs and pollute and at the same time to recover sericin.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.31 no.11
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• pp.1110-1115
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• 1998

Esophagectomy has a high morbidity rate, mainly related to pulmonary complications. The respiratory morbidity of open esophagectomy is high, ranging from 6% to 10%. This high morbidity is partially responsible for the 6∼15% mortality rate of esophagectomy. Many techniques of esophagectomy without thoracotomy have been described since the initial report of Orringer and Sloan. Endoscopic microsurgical dissection of the esophagus was clinically introduced in 1989. Endoscopic microsurgical dissection of the esophagus was developed as a minimally invasive procedure that avoids thoracotomy and provides precise vision during the operation in order to reduce mediastinal trauma and to improve the peri- and post-operative situation. A 20 year-old women who accidentally swallowed about 150 cc of glacial acetic acid underwent an esophagectomy using the operating mediastinoscopy, cervical esophagogastric anastomosis, pyloromyotomy, and feeding jejunostomy tube placement for esophageal stricture. The postoperative course was uneventful and the patient was discharged on the 17th postoperative day. Our clinical experience shows that endoscopic microsurgical dissection of esophagus is a safe and feasible method because it offers excellent optical control and enables the surgeon to operate in a minimally invasive manner.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.602-612
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to evaluate importance and performance of dietitian's task at long term care hospitals foodservices in the Busan Kyongnam area. The research was performed through using questionnaires and conducted from June 11 to July 16, 2010 for 186 dietitians at 141 long-term care hospitals. Seventy-two percent of hospitals had two dietitians and 69% of them had a dietitian's office. Fifty-two percent of dietitians has worked for less than 2 years at long term care hospital, and 37.1% of them worked additional tasks. Seventy-three percent of hospitals conducted a therapeutic diet program and the therapeutic diets frequently provided were diabetic diet > tube feeding diet > dysphasia diet > sodium controlled diet. Mean score for the importance (4.36/5.00) and performance (3.91/5.00) of dietitian's tasks were significantly different (p < 0.001). The importance and performance grid showed that the purchase-inspection management and sanitation-safety management were high scores to the importance and performance (doing great area), menu-foodservice management and cooking-working management were low scores to the importance and high scores to the importance (overdone area), and nutrition management was low scores to the importance and performance (low priority). Forty-three percent of dietitians agreed with the needs for role separation between foodservice dietitian and clinical dietitian.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.903-909
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• 2003

For the last two decades, energy utilization of growing chicks has been studied more and more. This paper focuses on the energy utilization estimated by the metabolizable energy (ME) values and the efficiency at which ME is used for growth of chicks under various nutritional environment. Degree of saturation of dietary fats is responsible for nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn) of fats. The effect of dietary fat sources on heat production depends on the kind of unsaturated fatty acids as well as the degree of saturation. Medium chain triglyceride shows lower AME and net energy than long chain triglyceride. Phytase as feed additives increases the AME values of the diet along with improvement of the phosphorous utilization. Ostriches have higher ability to metabolize the energy of fiber-rich foodstuffs than fowls. Their higher ability seems to be associated with fermentation of fiber in the hindgut. Proportions of macronutrients in the diets have influenced not only the gain of body protein and energy but also the oxidative phosphorylation of the chicken liver. Essential amino acids deficiency reduces ME/GE (energy metabolizability) little, if any. Growing chicks respond to a deficiency of single essential amino acids with the reduction of energy retained as protein and increased energy retained as fat. Thus, energy retention is proportional to ME intake despite deficiency, and efficiency of ME utilization is not affected by deficiency of amino acids. Effect of oral administration of clenbuterol, a beta-adrenergic agonist, on the utilization of ME varies with the dose of the agents. Although the heat production related to eating behavior has been estimated less than 5% of ME, tube-feeding diets decreases HI by about 30%.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.84-91
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• 2020

The Korean nuclear industry developed the SPACE (Safety and Performance Analysis Code for nuclear power plants) code and this code adpots two-phase flows, two-fluid, three-field models which are comprised of gas, continuous liquid and droplet fields and has a capability to simulate three-dimensional model. According to the revised law by the Nuclear Safety and Security Commission (NSSC) in Korea, the multiple failure accidents that must be considered for accident management plan of nuclear power plant was determined based on the lessons learned from the Fukushima accident. Generally, to improve the reliability of the calculation results of a safety analysis code, verification work for separate and integral effect experiments is required. In this reason, the goal of this work is to verify calculation capability of SPACE code for multiple failure accident. For this purpose, it was selected the experiment which was conducted to simulate a Multiple Steam Generator Tube Rupture(MSGTR) accident with Passive Auxiliary Feedwater System(PAFS) operation by Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) and focused that the comparison between the experiment results and code calculation results to verify the performance of the SPACE code. The MSGR accident has a unique feature of the penetration of the barrier between the Reactor Coolant System (RCS) and the secondary system resulting from multiple failure of steam generator U-tubes. The PAFS is one of the advanced safety features with passive cooling system to replace a conventional active auxiliary feedwater system. This system is passively capable of condensing steam generated in steam generator and feeding the condensed water to the steam generator by gravity. As the results of overall system transient response using SPACE code showed similar trends with the experimental results such as the system pressure, mass flow rate, and collapsed water level in component. In conclusion, it could be concluded that the SPACE code has sufficient capability to simulate a MSGTR accident.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.359-366
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the significant factors for risk estimate of aspiration and to evaluate the efficiency of the dysphagia assessment tool. Methods: A consecutive series of 210 stroke patients with aspiration symptoms such as cough and dysphagia who had soft or regular diet without tube feeding were examined. The dysphagia assessment tool for aspiration was compared with videofluoroscopy using Classification and Regression Tree (CART) analysis. Results: In CART analysis, of 34 factors, the significant factors for estimating risk of aspiration were cough during swallowing, oral stasis, facial symmetry, salivary drooling, and cough after swallowing. The risk estimate error of the revised dysphagia assessment tool was 25.2%, equal to that of videofluoroscopy. Conclusion: The results indicate that the dysphagia assessment tool developed and examined in this study was potentially useful in the clinical field and the primary risk estimating factor was cough during swallowing. Oral stasis, facial symmetry, salivary drooling, cough after swallowing were other significant factors, and based on these results, the dysphagia assessment tool for aspiration was revised and complemented.