• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제23권11호
• /
• pp.1371-1380
• /
• 2013

Monascus purpureus 균주에 의해 발효된 당귀분말을 식이 중에 5% 수준으로 첨가하여 30% 알코올과 함께 4주간 흰쥐에 급여한 후 혈중 지질 농도 및 조직 내 산화 스트레스에 미치는 영향에 대하여 검토하였다. 혈중 중성지질 농도 및 유리 지방산 농도는 알코올 대조군(Alc)에서의 증가가 알코올 실험군에서 모두 감소하였고, 특히 발효당귀군(AFAG)에서 낮은 감소수치를 보였다. 혈중 총 콜레스테롤 농도는 전반적으로 유의적인 차이는 없었으나, HDL-cholesterol 농도에서 발효당귀군(AFAG)이 증가수치를 나타내었다. 간장, 심장, 비장,신장, 고환 및 혈청에서 생체막 과산화지질 생성 정도는 정상군(N)에 비해 알코올 대조군(Alc)에서 유의적으로 증가하였고, 이러한 증가는 발효당귀군(AFAG)과 양성 대조군(ASM)에서 정상 수준으로 회복되었다. 간 조직 내 내인성 항산화 물질인 glutathione 농도는 알코올 대조군(Alc)에서 유의적으로 감소하였고, 발효당귀군(AFAG)에서 유의적으로 증가하여, 과산화 지질 생성정도와 glutathione 농도는 유의적인 차이가 인정되었다. 이상의 실험결과 발효당귀는 알코올 투여 동물실험에서 혈중 지질 개선효과는 물론 조직 내 항산화 활성증가로 산화스트레스를 경감시키는 효능이 있는 것으로 사료되며, 향후 간 독성 개선에 효능을 가지는 건강식품 개발 가능성이 높은 소재로 판단되어진다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.78-87
• /
• 1993

The accumulations of mercury, lactate dehydrogenase and antioxidant enzymes activities of which are glutathione peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase, and pathological changes were investigated in liver and kidney of mice which were fed the water supplemented with two levels (0.5 mM and 1.0 mM) of mercury chloride (HgCl$_2$). During the mercury feeding, the weight gain of mice in experimental groups was less than that of control group mice, while no overt signs related to mercury toxicity were noted in any experimental groups. Mercury concentrations in liver and kidney increased significantly in the early period (1~2 weeks) after mercury administration, which were measured as high as 100 times in liver and kidney in comparison to those of the control groups, but there were relatively stable for the levels of accumulation in following periods. The lactate dehydrogenase activities in liver and kidney were relatively increased in the period of 2~3 weeks of mercury administration in the experimental groups, there were normal levels in other periods of administration without the dose-dependencies. The glutathione peroxidase activities were not affected by the dosages of mercury chloride and the duration of ingestion. But the catalase activities significantly increased in 2~3 weeks after ingestion, and the superoxide dismutase activities of kidney also showed a peak in 3 weeks of ingestion while this peak was not found in the results measured in liver tissues.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제14권8호
• /
• pp.1106-1109
• /
• 2001

This experiment was conducted with 30 adult wool producing Angora rabbits of either sex, to evaluate the effect of replacing soyflakes (SF), on equal protein basis, with low gossypol containing cottonseed meal (CSM) either alone or in combination with lysine and methionine; on the biological performance, total wool yield, wool yield per shearing, wool characteristics and mortality. Three experimental mash diets were prepared by incorporating SF (6%) as standard / control protein source $(T_1)$ and CSM (9%) as test protein source ($T_2$ and $T_3$). In $T_3$, amino acids-lysine and methionine (0.1 % each) were added. Animals were given the experimental diets about $150g{\cdot}day^{-1}{\cdot}head^{-1}$, for a period of 225 d or three shearing, and ad libitum Kudzu-vines. No significant effect of $T_2$ or $T_3$, on the body weight gain, total wool yield, wool yield per shearing and wool characteristics, was observed compared to $T_1$. However, the digestibility of dry matter, crude fibers, ether extract, acid detergent fibers, neutral detergent fibers, cellulose and hemicellulose was significantly (p<0.05) depressed in CSM based diets. Mortality of about 20% was recorded in $T_2$ and $T_3$, but not related to the addition of CSM or gossypol toxicity. More studies are needed to standardize the safe level of CSM, duration of safe feeding of CSM, and level of amino acids supplementation in CSM based diets.

• 한국식품영양학회지
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.138-144
• /
• 2001

This study was performed to investigate the influence of Chlorella which effected the change of Pb contents, enzyme activity and lipid compounds on the rats fed the beverage involved Pb and the different contented Chlorella added-diets for 18weeks. The rat's weight of 200ppm Pb group was decreased 6.04% and the cause of that was Pb intake. But the rat's weight of Chlorella added-diets +200ppm Pb group was increased 4.02% (p<0.01). When feeding the different(0%, 2%, 5%, 10% ) Chlorella added-diets with the Pb contented beverage to the rats, we could know that the Pb contents accumulated on tissue were decreased to 20.70(0%), 12.88(2%), 14.83 (5%) and 19.56(10%), compared with the quantity of Pb taken in. Total-cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose content and AST, ALT, ALP, LDH enzyme activity in serum were the highest on 200ppm Pb group and those were decreased by the order of different(2%∼5% >10%) Chlorella contents + 200ppmPb group. A significance was recognized on the level of 1%. Therefore, when rats were exposed to Pb, it was thought that the amount of Chlorella intake was adequate on content 2∼5% for reducing the lead toxicity.

• 한국동물위생학회지
• /
• 제34권1호
• /
• pp.75-79
• /
• 2011

The recent outbreak of renal failure in infants in China and in animals in USA and Europe has been determined to be caused by melamine adulterated in the food. In the course of the investigation, cyanuric acid was identified in addition to melamine in the offending food. Fish feeds were also recently found to be contaminated with melamine. The purpose of this study was to characterize the histopathological effect and toxicity potential of different concentrations of melamine and cyanuric acid in the kidney of Japanese catfish (Silurus asotus). The fish were administered melamine and cyanuric acid in combination at the concentrations of 12.5, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg/day for 3 days by single oral administration dissolved in carboxymethyl cellulose. The results showed that renal crystals were observed in renal tubules and collecting ducts at the concentration over 25 mg/kg dose group and the number of crystals in kidney were in proportion to the concentrations of melamine and cyanuric acid.

• 한국임상수의학회지
• /
• 제20권3호
• /
• pp.406-409
• /
• 2003

We found seventeen dairy cattle with the abnormal signs in cardiovascular and gastrointestinal systems after feeding of the yew foilage. Among them three cattle were dead due to yew poisoning. Among the remaining fourteen dairy cattle, four cattle showed similar symptoms as did dead cattle. Although the remaining ten dairy cattle did not show any abnormal signs, we conducted a therapy of forced magnesium sulfate infusion because the yew consumption might have been occurred in all cattle. As a result of the therapy, we could not found further signs of yew poisoning. The performance of the therapy and the treatment procedures adapted by the therapy could be concluded as follows: The cardioselective toxicity and inhibition of peristaltic activity by the taxine in yew foilage might be involved in the symptoms of acute poisoning as anorexia, dullness, muscle tremor, dyspnea, and sudden death. We also performed the dose response relationship of taxine to the range of clinical symptoms and examined recovery performances. Through the autopsy of the cattle, we could confirm the presence of yew foilages that might have caused the poisoning in the gastrointestinal tract. However, we could not identify further abnormalities in other organs. In this case report, we demonstrated that practice of the forced magnesium sulfate infusion in yew poisoning was helpful for the attenuating the taxine poisoning by blocking the further proceeding of the toxic effect.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제30권12호
• /
• pp.1835-1842
• /
• 2020

Ergosterol, an essential constituent of membrane lipids of yeast, is distributed in both the cell membrane and intracellular endomembrane components such as vacuoles. Honokiol, a major polyphenol isolated from Magnolia officinalis, has been shown to inhibit the growth of Candida albicans. Here, we assessed the effect of honokiol on ergosterol biosynthesis and vacuole function in C. albicans. Honokiol could decrease the ergosterol content and upregulate the expression of genes related with the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway. The exogenous supply of ergosterol attenuated the toxicity of honokiol against C. albicans. Honokiol treatment could induce cytosolic acidification by blocking the activity of the plasma membrane Pma1p H+-ATPase. Furthermore, honokiol caused abnormalities in vacuole morphology and function. Concomitant ergosterol feeding to some extent restored the vacuolar morphology and the function of acidification in cells treated by honokiol. Honokiol also disrupted the intracellular calcium homeostasis. Amiodarone attenuated the antifungal effects of honokiol against C. albicans, probably due to the activation of the calcineurin signaling pathway which is involved in honokiol tolerance. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that honokiol could inhibit ergosterol biosynthesis and decrease Pma 1p H+-ATPase activity, which resulted in the abnormal pH in vacuole and cytosol.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.113-126
• /
• 1988

1985년 5월부터 1987년 10월에 걸쳐 한국산 주요패류인 진주담치, 굴, 피조개 등 13종류 506개 시료를 대상으로 마비성패류독의 시료별, 지역별, 및 수심별 분포를 밝히고 아울러 독소함량과 독소생성 원인플랑크톤 중의 하나인 Protogonyaulax tamarensis와의 관계에 대하여 실험한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 총 506개 시료 중 53개 시료에서 PSP가 검출 되어 약 $10.5\%$의 검출율을 나타내었으며 PSP가 검출된 시료는 진주담치, 피조개, 바지락과 키조개등 4종류 뿐이었고 나머지 시료에서는 검출되지 않았으며 이 중 PSP가 가장 빈번하게 검출된 시료는 진주담치이었다. 2. PSP가 곁출되는 시기는 주로 2-5월이었으며 특히 3월과 4월에 검출율이 높아 총양성시료의 약 $52\%$를 점하였다. 지역별로는 남해안지역에서 고루 검출되었으나 부산지역의 경우 6월과 7월에도 진주 담치에서 PSP가 검출되어 지역차를 나타내었다. 3. PSP가 검출된 53개 시료의 독소함량은 진주담치가 피조개, 바지락에 비하여 다소 높았으며 지역별로는 마산지역이 가장 높았고, 독소 함량이 가식부 100g당 $800{\mu}g$을 초과하는 시료는 전체의 $2.6\%$에 불과하였다. 4. 마산지역에시 PSP의 함량과 P.tamarensis의 수 사이에는 일정한 상관관계가 나타나지는 않았다. 5. 패류서식 수심별 패류독화을 및 독소함량은 표층이 다소 높게 나타났으나 큰 차이는 없었다. 6. 독화된 진주담치의 중장선에는 전체독소함량의 약 $70\%$가 함유되어 있었으며 g당 독성은 중장선이 나머지 육질부에 비하여 약 9배나 높았다.otease로 추정되었다. 100V에서 80V로 강압하므로서 집어등을 2m 높이에서 4m 높이로 이동시키지 않더라도 같은 집어효과를 얻을 수 있다.> 단독 그리고, lysozyme$(0.05\%)$ + sodium pyrophosphate $(0.5\%)$ + sodium hexametaphosphate$(0.1\%)$ 용액에 5분간 침지 처리하였을 때 약간의 방부효과는 인정되었으나 sorbic acid$(0.2\%)$을 첨가한 것보다 효과가 적었다.나타내었다., MW=0.4913 TW-0.1228 (r=0.9809)이었다.로 함량은 각각 902.2 mg/100 g, 28.3 mg/100g 및 8.6mg/100g이었다. 이외에 malic acid 등 6종의 유기산이 미량 함유되어 있었다. 제품의 유리아미노산 및 관련화합물의 조성은 histidine이 641.8 mg/100g으로 가장 많았고, alanine 214.7 mg/100g, hydroxyproline이 48.9mg/100g, 이외에 lysine, glutamic acid 및 anserine 등이 전체의 $80.8\%$를 차지하였다. 고등어분말수우프의 맛성분은 건물량 기준으로 유리아미노산 및 관련화합물이 1,279.4 mg/100g, 불휘발성유기산이 948.1mg/100g, 핵산 관련물질 672.8 mg/100g, 총 creatinine이 430.4 mg/100g, betaine 86.6mg/100g 및 미량의 TMAO로 이루어져 있었고 국물로 우려낼때 맛성분의 추출조건은 $100^{\circ}C$에서 1분간의 고온단시간 추출이 적합하였다. 증가를 나타내었는데, 저장기간에

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제29권5호
• /
• pp.674-680
• /
• 2016

This study investigated the effects of feeds naturally contaminated with mycotoxins on growth performance, serum biochemical parameters, carcass traits, and splenic heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) mRNA expression levels in broiler chickens. The efficacy of yeast cell wall (YCW) adsorbent in preventing mycotoxicosis was also evaluated. Three hundred 1-d-old Arbor Acres broiler chicks were randomly allotted to 3 treatments in completely randomized design for 42 d. Each treatment group had 5 replicate pens with 20 birds. The treatments were as follows: i) basal diet (control), ii) naturally contaminated diet (NCD), and iii) NCD+0.2% YCW adsorbent (NCDD). The NCD decreased average daily gain (ADG) (p<0.01) of 0 to 21 d, 22 to 42 d, and 0 to 42 d, and increased feed conversion ratio (p<0.01) of 22 to 42 d and 0 to 42 d. Both the breast meat percentage and thigh meat percentage of the NCD group were significantly higher (p<0.01) than that of the control group on d 21. The NCD group showed significantly increased levels of triglycerides (p<0.05) and cholesterol (p<0.05) on both d 21 and d 42 compared to the control group. However, the NCD significantly reduced (p<0.01) the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) on d 42 compared to controls. Compared with the NCD, supplementation with YCW significantly improved (p<0.01) the ADG of 0 to 21 d and 0 to 42 d, and increased (p<0.01) concentrations of HDL on d 42, and on d 21, and triglycerides (p<0.05) on d 21 and d 42. Supplementation with YCW reduced (p<0.01) the breast meat percentage, the thigh meat percentage, the concentrations of cholesterol (p<0.01) and the low-density lipoprotein (p<0.05) on d 21, and improved (p<0.01) the splenic Hsp70 mRNA expression levels compared with the NCD group. The results of this study indicated that feeding NCD for 42 d had adverse effects on broiler chickens, and that YCW might be beneficial in counteracting the effects of mycotoxins.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제19권6호
• /
• pp.877-883
• /
• 2006

A feeding trial was conducted on commercial broilers for a period of 35 days to determine the individual and combined effects of aflatoxin (AF) and T-2 toxin (T-2) on performance, organ weights and immune status. The efficacy of dietary glucomannan-containing yeast product (GYP) ($Mycosorb^{(R)}$) and hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS) in preventing the adverse effects of aflatoxin and T-2 toxin was also evaluated. Twelve dietary treatments ($4{\times}3$ factorial) comprising two dietary levels each of AF (0 and 2 mg/kg), T-2 toxin (0 and 1 mg/kg), GYP (0 and 1 kg/ton) and HSCAS (0 and 10 kg/ton) were tested on 720 commercial broiler chickens divided at random into 36 replicates of 20 chicks each (10 males and 10 females). Weight gain and feed intake were recorded weekly. Organ morphology and antibody titers for Newcastle disease (ND) and infectious bursal disease (IBD) were measured on the $35^{th}$ day. AF and T-2 toxin individually decreased weight gain and increased feed conversion ratio (FCR) (p<0.05). AF alone (p<0.05) increased weights of liver, kidney, gizzard and spleen and reduced thymus and bursal weights. T-2 toxin (p<0.05) increased liver and gizzard weights and decreased thymus weight. Both AF and T-2 toxin when fed individually affected ND and IBD titers in a significant manner. Significant interactions between AF and T-2 toxin were observed for their additive effects on weight gain, FCR, organ weights and antibody titers. Addition of GYP (p<0.05) improved weight gain, feed conversion efficiency and restored the organ weights. Antibody titers against ND and IBD were significantly improved with the supplementation of GYP. Supplementation of HSCAS (p<0.05) resulted in improvement in weight gain and restored organ weights in the groups fed AF alone, but not in T-2 toxin fed groups. HSCAS inclusion did not influence FCR in toxin fed groups. Addition of HSCAS (p<0.05) improved the antibody titers against ND and IBD only in AF fed groups. Thus, the results indicate that addition of GYP is effective in averting the individual and combined toxicity of aflatoxin and T-2 toxin in commercial broilers, while HSCAS is effective only against aflatoxin.