• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.148-154
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• 2007

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of low concentration of oxygen on reduction of perchlorate, especially low perchlorate influent concentrations in a biofilm reactor, as well as the effect of flow pattern in a biofilm reactor. Dissolved oxygen averaging 1 mg/L did not inhibit reduction of influent perchlorate from 23 to $426\;{\mu}g/L$ in the biofilm reactors when sufficient acetate was added, probably due to limitation of oxygen diffusion into the biofilm. Influent perchlorate ranging from 23 to $426\;{\mu}g/L$ was reduced to below detection level ($4\;{\mu}g/L$) in the presence of 1 mg/L dissolved oxygen (DO). Chloride was produced in a ratio of $0.37gCl^-/g{ClO_4}^-$ and $0.35gCl^-/g{ClO_4}^-$ in plug flow and recirculation biofilm reactor which is similar to stoichiometric amount ($0.36gCl^-/g{ClO_4}^-$) indicating complete perchlorate reduction at $426\;{\mu}g/L$ of ${ClO_4}^-$ feeding. At $23\;{\mu}g/L$L influent perchlorate, total biomass solids were 3.18 g and 2.81 g in the plug flow and recirculation biofilm reactors. The most probable number(MPN) analysis for perchlorate-reducing bacteria showed $10^4$ to $10^5\;cells/cm^2$ in both biofilm reactors throughout the experiments. The effluent perchlorate concentrations were not significantly different in the two different flow regimes, plug flow and recirculation biofilm reactors.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.30-34
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• 2001

The expediency of promoting rabbit production on underutilized by-product feedstuffs prompted the current investigation of caecal fermentation pattern, blood biochemical profile and histopathological changes of vital organs in 48 broiler rabbits fed diets containing 0, 5, 10 and 20% level of neem seed kernal cake (NSKC) for 6 weeks and subsequently sacrificed. The NSKC incorporation in the diet did not exert any adverse effect on caecal fermentation although the weight of caecum and its contents was significantly (p<0.01; p<0.05) lower in rabbits fed the diet containing 20% NSKC. Except for blood glucose concentration, none of the blood biochemical constituents (serum urea nitrogen, creatinine, total protein, haemoglobin) and the activities of different enzymes (alanine aminotransferase, asparatate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase) varied significantly due to NSKC feeding. A histopathological examination of the vital organs (liver, kidney, heart, spleen, lungs, intestine and stomach) revealed a variable degree of villus atrophy in the intestine and degenerative changes in the liver and tubular epithelium of kidney in some rabbits when NSKC was fed at levels above 10%.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.675-682
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• 2009

Instead of direct driving like BLDC, the induction principle is adopted as a driving one for planar stage. The stage composed of four linear induction motors put in square type is activated by two-axial forces; low-frequency attractive force and thrust force of the linear induction motors. Here, the modified vector control whose new inputs are q-axis current and dc current biased to three phase current instead of d-axis current or flux current is applied extensively to overall motion of the stage. For the developed system, the precision step test and the constant velocity test are tried to guarantee its feasibility for TFT-LCD pattern inspection. However, to exclude a discontinuity due to phase shift and minimize a force ripple synchronized with the command frequency, the initial system is revised to the antagonistic structure over the full degree of freedom. Concretely describing, the porous air bearings guide an air-gapping of the stage up and down and a pair of liner induction motors instead of single motor are activated in the opposite direction each other. The performances of the above systems are compared from trapezoid tracking test and sinusoidal test.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.196-199
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• 2008

저자들은 Hirschsprung 병을 의심한 환아에서 Cajal세포 감소에 의한 미숙아 가성 장 폐쇄를 경험하였기에 보고하는 바이다. 심한 복부 팽만과 장 폐쇄 증상으로 결장 절개술이 필요한 미숙아에서 ganglion cell의 존재 유무 뿐만 아니라 Cajal 세포의 결핍도 확인할 필요가 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.155-165
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• 2017

Purpose: The aim of this study was to understand the hand-on breast massage techniques used by well-known experts in breastfeeding clinics. Methods: A qualitative multiple-case design was applied that involved a feasibility test. Four experts sampling qualitative data collected by observing participants and in individual interviews were analyzed by content analysis, linking data to the propositions, and cross-case pattern matching. This study explored differences within and between cases, and the possibilities of replicating findings across cases. Thirty-nine postpartum women participated voluntarily in the feasibility test, which investigated the usability of four massage techniques. Results: The four techniques showed considerable similarities in terms of the application of stimulation to the breast base and increased flexibility of the wired flexible body, which was the core mechanism underlying the techniques. The breast management strategies were consistent with existing practice guidelines with the exception of using cold cabbage to control engorgement pain. There was insufficient scientific evidence for supporting the massage techniques used by the experts. All of the techniques showed 100% education completeness, but application rates were higher for self-control-oriented techniques. Conclusion: The massage techniques applied by experts in breastfeeding were based on hypotheses and self-control techniques are feasible to apply in practice.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.569-579
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• 2013

To identify the characteristics of the dropping habits and to provide improved methods for sign survey of Siberian flying squirrels Pteromys volans, an investigation was carried out in Jirisan National Park from April 2012 to May 2013. The latrines of study area were checked once a month and the characteristics of dropping behavior were camera trapped. The feces of Siberian flying squirrel were found on the point which tree forked, mostly from November to May. The squirrel actively presents in forked tree mainly on the September to April. The Siberian flying squirrel is found to be a typical nocturnal animal as it actively move between 6p.m. to 7a.m.. The study found that squirrel does feeding and dropping in the winter time on forked tree. On the point which tree forked could be a good place for the squirrel to hide from their predator when there is no leaf on the tree. Conducting the sign survey is advisable from November to May, as well as with the careful approach to the animals. As Siberian flying squirrel is an endangered species, adjusting the survey period is mandatory, especially when doing environmental impact assessment and a research on its dwelling areas.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.291-298
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• 2018

본 논문에서는 역 F형 안테나 구조를 변형시키고 CPW급전 방법을 적용함으로써 역 F형 안테나의 단점인 협대역 특성을 개선하고, 소형 그리고 저자세의 구조적인 장점을 살리는 안테나를 제안하고자 한다. 실험 결과 중심주파수 3GHz에서 약 40%의 광대역 특성이 있음을 보여, 기존 역 F형 안테나의 단점인 협대역 특성을 개선할 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 방사패턴은 거의 전방향 특성을 보였고 최대 이득은 약 2.0dBi이다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.1121-1126
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• 2000

Daily variation in the serum concentrations of insulin and insulin-like growth factor-I and in the plasma concentrations of thyroxine and triiodothyronine were evaluated in ewes fed 30%, 100% and 200% of theoretical maintenance energy requirements. The single daily meal has had significant effects (p<0.05) on almost all profiles. In general, serum or plasma hormone concentrations have increased after the meal, in particular at the two higher levels of energy intake. In the group submitted to the lowest level of energy intake, the consequences of the meal on circulating levels were almost imperceptible. The effects of feeding levels on serum or plasma concentrations have widely varied among hormones, not showing any objective pattern or relationship. Because these variations may affect the interpretation of these blood indicators, knowledge of daily profiles and of the effect of feed level must be considered. In order to maximize the diagnostic value of those indicators, the most suitable times for blood collection seem to be 16 h after the meal and (or) just before the meal. The collection 16 h after the meal apparently allows the characterization of a relatively steady metabolic state, intermediate between the close effects of food intake and the final phase of the intensification of body reserves mobilization. The collection just before the meal will give a good indication of the level of activity of those mobilization mechanisms.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권9호
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• pp.1209-1215
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• 2001

We conducted this study to investigate 24 h leptin profiles and to ascertain whether leptin secretion occurs in a pulsatile manner in cattle. Plasma leptin concentrations were measured every 10 min for 24 h in five Holstein steers aged 10 months. Simultaneously, feeding behavior was recorded every 5 min during this experiment. In two of the five cattle, leptin showed diurnal rhythmicity, which could be described by a cosine, with peaks between 15:00 and 16:00 and nadirs at around midnight. Pulsatile leptin release was quantified by model-free Cluster analysis. Plasma leptin showed a pulsatile pattern in all cattle, with an average number of pulses at 15 peaks/24 h. The daily number of pulses was not related to total time spent eating, ruminating or chewing. However, when divided into six 4 h time intervals, time spent ruminating was positively related with pulse number (p=0.05) in cattle showing no diurnal plasma leptin variation. These results suggest that cattle may have unique diurnal variation and pulsatile patterns of plasma leptin, differing from those of monogastric animals.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.25-34
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• 2013

Early ontogenic development in Siberian sturgeon Acipenser baerii was documented and the effects of different temperatures on embryonic and prelarval development were examined. Photograph-assisted data on morphogenesis in Siberian sturgeon prolarvae agreed well with published descriptions of their ontogeny and ecological behaviors, although certain aspects of differentiation, such as gill covering and scute development, could be rearing condition-sensitive. The present study provides the first characterization of the transient development of teeth during early larval stages; the pattern was congruent with the transition of prolarvae to exogenous feeding. From examinations of embryonic and prelarval development under different temperature conditions ($12-24^{\circ}C$), developmental speed was inversely related with temperature. Overall, hatchability was higher and hatching events were more synchronized at $20^{\circ}C$ than at lower temperatures. After hatching, similar patterns of temperature-dependency were observed in yolk sac absorption and the evacuation of the pigment plug. Our results suggest that the incubation of Siberian sturgeon embryos and prolarvae at temperatures close to $20^{\circ}C$ would be advantageous in hatcheries, based on reductions in the duration and uniformity of egg and prolarval developmental stages.