• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
• /
• 1993.10a
• /
• pp.791-800
• /
• 1993

Liquid feeding of hogs can be controlled by using feed-level-sensors in the troughs. In this way restricted feeding with computer control of the eating time is possible. For this purpose the feed supplied is adjusted according to the eating time of the previously fed portion. With ad libitum feeding the same sensors can provide for a clean trough once a day and thus help to overcome sanitary problems. The effect of the feeding systems on daily intake and performance of hogs are dealt with.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.65-70
• /
• 1998

A 16-wk feeding trial was conducted to investigate the proper feeding regimen on the performance of Korean Native Chicken(KNC) consuming broiler diets. Commercial KNC are normally fed 3 kinds of diets during their life span, i. e., starter(S, 0 to 3wk of age), grower(G, 4 to 7wk of age), and finisher(F, 8 to l6wk of age) diets. In this trial, four feeding regimen were employed:T1(S-G-F), T2(S-G-G), T3(S-S-F), and T4(S-F-F). Day-old 360 KNC were randomly allotted to 12 pens: three pens per treatment, and 30 birds per pen. At the end of the trial, the BW of T2 was significantly better than that of T3(P<0.05), and T1 and T4 were intermediate. No significant difference were found in feed intake, feed conversion ratio, and viability among treatments. It appears that, in terms of BW gain, the T2 is the recommendable feeding regimen for KNC consuming broiler diets.

• ALGAE
• /
• v.32 no.4
• /
• pp.309-324
• /
• 2017

Recently, the heterotrophic nanoflagellate Katablepharis japonica has been reported to feed on diverse red-tide species and contribute to the decline of red tides. However, if there are effective predators feeding on K. japonica, its effect on red tide dynamics may be reduced. To investigate potential effective protist predators of K. japonica, feeding by the engulfment-feeding heterotrophic dinoflagellates (HTDs) Oxyrrhis marina, Gyrodinium dominans, Gyrodinium moestrupii, Polykrikos kofoidii, and Noctiluca scintillans, the peduncle-feeding HTDs Luciella masanensis and Pfiesteria piscicida, the pallium-feeding HTD Oblea rotunda, and the naked ciliates Strombidium sp. (approximately $20{\mu}m$ in cell length), Pelagostrobilidium sp., and Miamiensis sp. on K. japonica was explored. We found that none of these heterotrophic protists fed on actively swimming cells of K. japonica. However, O. marina, G. dominans, L. masanensis, and P. piscicida were able to feed on heat-killed K. japonica. Thus, actively swimming behavior of K. japonica may affect feeding by these heterotrophic protists on K. japonica. To the contrary, K. japonica was able to feed on O. marina, P. kofoidii, O. rotunda, Miamiensis sp., Pelagostrobilidium sp., and Strombidium sp. However, the specific growth rates of O. marina did not differ significantly among nine different K. japonica concentrations. Thus, K. japonica may not affect growth of O. marina. Our findings suggest that the effect of predation by heterotrophic protists on K. japonica might be negligible, and thus, the effect of grazing by K. japonica on populations of red-tide species may not be reduced by mortality due to predation by protists.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.44 no.1
• /
• pp.73-82
• /
• 2004

Chitosan is similar in structure to cellulose and are the second most abundant polysaccharides in nature, comprising the horny substance in the exoskeletons of crabs, shrimp and insects as well as fungi. This study was conducted to access the effect of immunomodulation responses of chitosan(N-acetyl-${\beta}$-D-glucosamine) chicken infected with in Fowl typhoid(Salmonella gallinarum). One-day-old broiler chicks were divided into eight groups: The 1st group was inoculated intra-peritoneally with chitosan and challenged intra-peritoneally with S. gallinarum. The 2nd group was inoculated intra-peritoneally with chitosan. The 3rd group was feeding with chitosan and intra-peritoneally inoculated with cyclophosphamide and challenged intra-peritoneally S. gallinarum. The 4th group was feeding with chitosan and intra-peritoneally with cyclophosphamide. The 5th group was feeding with chitosan and challenged intra-peritoneally with S. gallinarum. The 6th group was feeding with chitosan. The 7th group was challenged intra-peritoneally with S. gallinarum. The 8th group was nontreated-uninfected control group. The results shows that $CD4^+$, $CD8^+$ and B lymphocyte in lymphoid organs of chickens treated with chitosan increased in especially $CD4^+$, $CD8^+$ lymphocytes (p<0.05). The group of feeding chitosan showed the significantly increased $CD4^+$, $CD8^+$ and B lymphocyte than inoculated intra-peritoneally with chitosan. As the result suggests that the feeding of chitosan induced immunostimulatant effect than the inoculation intra-peritoeally of chitosan.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.13 no.8
• /
• pp.1137-1146
• /
• 2000

This study was carried out to establish an optimum number of phase feeding regimen which enable to reduce nutrients excretion without affecting growth performance and to investigate the effects of different feeding regimens on growth performance, nutrients excretion and carcass characteristics in finishing pigs. A total of 120 finishing pigs (an average initial body weight of 54.3 kg) were assigned to the feeding trial and 12 pigs were assigned to the metabolic trial. Treatments included one phase (54 to 104 kg), two phase (54 to 80 and 80 to 104 kg), three phase (54 to 70, 70 to 90 and 90 to 104 kg) and four phase (54 to 65, 65 to 80, 80 to 95, 95 to 104 kg) feeding regimens. Experimental diets were formulated to contain 16% crude protein for one phase feeding regimen, 16% and 12% crude protein for two phase feeding regimen, 16%, 14% and 12% crude protein for three phase feeding regimen, and 16%, 14.7%, 13.4% and 12% crude protein for four phase feeding regimen, respectively. Although there were no significant differences in any criteria measured during the entire experimental period, pigs reared in three phase feeding regimen grew slightly faster than those reared in other feeding regimens and showed a tendency to increase ADFI during the whole experimental period. The metabolic trial indicated that there were no significant differences in DM (dry matter), CP (crude protein) and P (phosphorus) digestibilities. However, fecal nutrient excretion except P was significantly influenced by feeding regimens. DM excretion of one phase feeding group was significantly higher than that of three phase feeding group and daily fecal N (nitrogen) excretion of one phase feeding group was higher than that of other phase feeding groups (p<0.05). Three and four phase feeding regimens resulted in 12% lower fecal N and DM excretion than one phase feeding regimen. Blood urea concentrations were lower for pigs reared in two, three and four phase feeding regimens than for those reared in one phase feeding regimen (p<0.05). Three phase feeding regimen for the finishing period showed better carcass grade than one phase feeding regimen, though the difference was not significant. The tenth rib fat thickness of pigs fed on four phase feeding regimen was reduced most and there was a trend that backfat thickness decreased as the number of phases increased. Feed cost per kg weight gain was significantly low in four phase feeding group than one phase feeding group (p<0.05). In summary, it seemed that producers generally oversupply the expensive nutrients for the finishing pigs. High nutrient diets do not always guarantee high growth rate of pigs and cause more unwanted nutrient excretion. It rather seems that meeting nutrient requirements for the each growth phase is more important for the reduction of pollutants and economical pork production.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.16-22
• /
• 1986

This study was designed to investigate the nutritional effect of mugowrt powder supple mentation to rice diets with different protein levels. Thirty female albino rats weighing 39-43g were adopted for the feeding trial for 4 weeks. The different 5 kind of experimental diets were performed . Control diet was commercially available forage for rats, experimental diet (I-C) highly milled rice, (Ⅰ) highly milled rice 95% and mugwort powder 5%, (Ⅱ-C)highly milled rice 95% and milk casein 5%, and (Ⅱ) highly milled rice 90%, milk casein 5 % and mugwort powder 5%. Growth rate was remarkably high in the dietary group fed on highly milled rice supplemented with 5% mugwort powder (protein 8%) (P<0.05), but it showed the tendency to be rather low in the group fed on highly milled rice supplemented with 5% casein and 5% mugwort powder (protein 12%). Food efficiency as well as protein efficiency appeared similar to the growth rate. Hematodcrit level demonstrated the same tendency as growth rate, but hemoglobin content was observed to increase by diets supplemented with increasing amount of mugwort regardless of protein level. Each nutrient intake was increased by adding mugwort powder to diets after a week's feeding, but it was increased by 8% protein diet, and decreased by 12% protein diet in 3 weeks as well as 4 weeks after feeding . The absorption rate of carbohydrate and protein decreased by feeding mugwort supplemented diets regardless of protein level and feeding period, and that of lipid increased with 12% protein diet.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
• /
• v.19 no.spc1
• /
• pp.403-410
• /
• 2005

Many daily appliances for examples copiers, printers and ATMs contain the media transport system (MTS) and the slippage between the medium in the MTS deteriorates the performance quality of the whole system. The slippage of the medium in the MTS is affected by many parameters including the friction coefficient between the feeding rollers and the medium, the velocity of the feeding rollers, and the normal force exerted on the medium by feeding rollers. This paper focuses on the effect of the normal force on the slippage while the medium is being fed. For this purpose, we developed a two-dimensional simulation model for a paper feeding system. Using the simulation model, we calculated the slippage of the paper for different normal forces. We have also constructed a testbed of the paper feeding system to verify the simulation results. Experimental results are compared with the simulation results.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.394-399
• /
• 2011

The effect of intermittent feeding on growth, feed utilization and body composition of subadult olive flounder fed extruded pellet (EP) in suboptimal temperature ($13.5{\pm}2.10^{\circ}C$) was determined. Two hundred twenty five subadult fish averaging 272 g were randomly distributed into fifteen of 300 L circular flow-through tanks (fifteen fish per tank). Five treatments with different days of feeding a week were prepared in triplicate: fish were hand-fed with EP to apparent satiation once a day, seven days a week (7DF), which was used as the control group or consecutive six, five, four and three days a week, for 12 weeks, referred to as 6DF, 5DF, 4DF and 3DF treatments, respectively. Weight gains and specific growth rates of fish in 6DF treatment were higher than those of fish in 7DF, 4DF and 3DF treatments, but not different from those of fish in 5DF treatment. Daily feed intake of fish in 6DF and 7DF treatments was higher than that of fish in 5DF, 4DF and 3DF treatments. Feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio of fish were not different among treatments. There was no difference in the chemical composition of fish between treatments. Results of this study demonstrated that feeding five days per week could be recommended for subadult olive flounder fed extruded pellet in suboptimal temperature.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.203-211
• /
• 1995

In order to investigate the effect of feeding live yeast on growth performance, nutrients utilization, tibia mineral deposit and intestinal microorganism changes, a growth assay was conducted with 360 broiler chicks. Treatments were four levels of yeast as 0, 0.025, 0.05 and 0.1% in 1.83% tricalcium phosphate and two levels of yeast as 0 and 0.05% in 1.15% tricalcium phosphate. The crude protein content of live yeast was 45%, and 97% of it was in the pure protein form, with 46.6% of essential amino acids and 53.4% of non-essential amino acids. Growth performance was tended to increase by feeding the yeast but there was no significant difference(P>.05). The protein digestibility was increased as the feeding level of yeast increased. However, digestibilities of fat, fiber, calcium and phosphorus were not affected by the yeast. Ash and calcium content of tibia were increased as the level of yeast increased. Total number of E. coli in small intestine was significantly decreased(P<.05) in chicks fed yeast. Total number of Lactobaci1lus was significantly increased by the yeast feeding. The changes of microorganism in cecum had the same trend with the changes of microorganism in small intestine.

• Journal of Aquaculture
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.56-59
• /
• 2007

Effect of dietary nutrient composition on growth and body composition of juvenile olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus with different feeding strategy was determined. Twenty-five fish averaging 16 g were randomly distributed into 12, 180 L flow-through tank each. Four treatments in triplicates were prepared: fish were fed to satiation twice daily by the control diet for 8 weeks as the control group (Con) and fish were fed to satiation twice daily by the control and high nutrient diets for 6 weeks after 2-week fasting (2WS-6WFC, 2WS-6WFHN, respectively) and finally, fish were fed to satiation twice daily by the high nutrient diet for the consecutive 3 days after 4-day fasting for 8 weeks (4DS-3DFHN). No significant difference was found in either survival or weight gain of flounder among treatments. Feed efficiency ratio (FER) for fish in the 2WS-6WFHN treatment was significantly higher than that for fish in the Con and 2WS-6WFC treatments. Protein efficiency ratio (PER) of fish in the 2WS-6WFHN and 4DS-3DFHN treatments was significantly higher than that of fish in the 2WS-6WFC treatment. In conclusion, manipulation of dietary nutrient composition and/or feeding strategy can effectively improve growth of juvenile olive flounder without growth retardation at restricted feeding regime.