• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.332-341
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• 1989

경상남도 일광 연안으로 흘러내리는 하천의 하구 기수역에서 미끈날망둑온 채집하여 이석과 위내용물을 분석하여, 자치어기의 나이, 성장율 및 식성을 추정하였다. 이석 미세성장선의 하루주기성은 약 15일 간격으로 연속하여 채집된 어류 이석을 각 채집일을 감안하여 성장선 배열의 공통성을 비교 분석하여 증명하였다. 체장의 성장은 Gompertz의 식으로 유의하게 표시되었다. $L=5.73{\cdot}\;e^{15.06}(1-e^{-0.0015t})$관찰 범위에서 체장의 일일성장율은 부화 후 $50\~60$일 사이에는 0.40 mm/day로 작았으나 자라면서 빨라져 $90\~100$일 사이에는 0.85 mm/day로 증가하였다. 위내용물 분석 결과, 미끈날망둑은 전형적인 육식성 어종으로 밝혀졌는데, 주된 먹이생물은 polychaetes, amphipods, copepods 였으며 이들은 위내용물의 대부분을 차지하였다. 미끈날망둑은 성장에 따라 다소 먹이 선택에 있어 변화를 보이는데, $15\~30$mm 크기군에서는 copepods가 비교적 많이 섭이 되었지만, 성장함에 따라 amphipods의 섭이가 증가되었다. 한편 polychaetes의 선호도는 모든 크기군에 걸쳐 가장 높았다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제4권5호
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• pp.393-399
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• 2010

Enteral nutritional support has been used via tube feeding for dysphagic stroke patients. We performed long and short term trials to evaluate the effects of commercial enteral nutritional supports on nutrition and health in stroke patients (mRS = 3~5) and quality of life in their caregivers. For a long term study, we recruited chronic (${\geq}$ 1 yrs) stroke patients (n = 6) and administered them 6 cans/day (1,200 kcal) of the commercial enteral formula N for 6 months according to IRB-approved protocol. We collected peripheral blood at 0, 2, 4 and 6 months. For a short term study, we recruited acute (${\leq}$ 3 months) stroke patients (n = 12) and randomly administered them two different commercial enteral formulas, N or J, for 2 weeks. We collected their blood at 0, 4, 7 and 14 day of the administration. Blood samples were analyzed to quantify 19 health and nutritional biomarkers and an oxidative stress biomarker, malondialdehyde (MDA). In order to evaluate quality of life, we also obtained the sense of competence questionnaire (SCQ) from all caregivers at 'before' and 'after trials'. As results, the enteral formula, N, improved hemoglobin and hematocrit levels in the long term trial and maintained most of biomarkers within normal ranges. The SCQ levels of caregivers were improved in the long term treatment (P < 0.05). In a case of the short term study, both of enteral formulas were helpful to maintain nutritional status of the patients. In addition, MDA levels were decreased in the acute patients following formula consumption (0.05 < P < 0.1). Most of health and nutrition outcomes were not different, even though there is a big difference in price of the two products. Thus, we evaluate the formula N has equal nutritional efficacy compared to the formula J. In addition, long term use of enteral formula N can be useful to health and nutrition of stroke patients, and the quality of life for their caregivers.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.209-216
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• 2006

Defatted rice polishings (DRP) was subjected to chemical treatments i.e., 0.4 N HCl, and 6% $H_2O_2$, with or without physical treatment i.e. extrusion cooking. The treated DRP was evaluated chemically and biologically using male broiler chicks (108) of approximately uniform weight, selected out of 220 chicks, previously fed on commercial diets for 7 days as a settlement period. The chicks were then divided into 36 experimental units of 3 chicks each. Each experimental diet was randomly allotted to three experimental units and fed for 10 days to broiler chicks. The experimental diets were designated as A (Commercial), B (10% HCl treated DRP), C (20% HCl treated DRP), D (10% HCl plus extruded DRP), E (20% HCl plus extruded DRP), F (10% $H_2O_2$ DRP) and G (20% $H_2O_2$ DRP), H (10% $H_2O_2$ plus extrusion DRP) and I (20% $H_2O_2$ plus extrusion DRP), J (10% untreated DRP), K (20% untreated DRP) and L (Protein free). The birds fed on diet L were used to measure the endogenous nitrogen loss. The biological evaluations of diets containing differently treated DRP were compared with a commercial feed and feeds containing untreated defatted rice polishings. It was observed that these treatments liberated bound nutrients, making them more accessible to the normal digestive enzymes and increased their apparent nutrient availability. This process probably also detoxified the anti-nutritive factors i.e. phytates, lectin, trypsin inhibitor present in DRP. The results of the feeding trials revealed that diets containing 6% $H_2O_2$ treated DRP showed better weight gain, feed consumption and utilization, protein efficiency and digestibility, biological value and net protein utilization than all other treatments.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권12호
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• pp.1756-1760
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• 2016

Estimation of feed intake (FI) for individual animals within a pen is needed in situations where more than one animal share a feeder during feeding trials. A partitioning method (PM) was previously published as a model to estimate the individual FI (IFI). Briefly, the IFI of a pig within the pen was calculated by partitioning IFI into IFI for maintenance ($IFI_m$) and IFI for growth. In the PM, $IFI_m$ is determined based on the metabolic body weight (BW), which is calculated using the coefficient of 106 and exponent of 0.75. Two simulation studies were conducted to test the hypothesis that the use of different coefficients and exponents for metabolic BW to calculate $IFI_m$ improves the accuracy of the estimates of IFI for pigs, and that PM is applied to pigs fed in group-housing systems. The accuracy of prediction represented by difference between actual and estimated IFI was compared using PM, ratio (RM), or averaging method (AM). In simulation studies 1 and 2, the PM estimated IFI better than the AM and RM during most of the periods (p<0.05). The use of 0.60 as the exponent and the coefficient of 197 to calculate metabolic BW did not improve the accuracy of the IFI estimates in both simulation studies 1 and 2. The results imply that the use of $197kcal{\times}kg\;BW^{0.60}$ as metabolizable energy for maintenance in PM does not improve the accuracy of IFI estimations compared with the use of $106kcal{\times}kg\;BW^{0.75}$ and that the PM estimates the IFI of pigs with greater accuracy compared with the averaging or ratio methods in group-housing systems.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.55-59
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• 2001

The objective of these experiments gas to investigate the feeding of Powerfeel supplementation on performance and intestinal microflora of broiler chicks. Five treatments were allocated into 0, 0.025, 0.050, 0.075, 0.10% Powerfeel with four replications for five weeks. Diets contained 21.5% CP, 3,100 kcal/kg ME for the first three weeks and 19% CP, 3,100 kcal/kg ME for the rest two weeks. Weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion were weekly measured. E. coli and Salmonella were examined from cecum and ileum at the end of experiment. ND titer were also measured at five weeks old after first and booster vaccination at 14 and 21 days of age. In experiment 1, Weight gain of Powerfeef treatments was significantly higher for five weeks (P〈0.05). Feed intake increased on all Powerfeel treatments. Chicks fed Powerfeel improved feed conversion ratio(FCR) significantly compared to that of control (P〈0.05), but was not shown the consistency. In experiment 2, Weight gain and feed consumption of chicks fed Powerfeel were tended to increase, but were not statistically different from control. Powerfeel treatments showed significantly lower FCR than control(P〈0.05). The number of Salmonella and E. coli of chicks ileum fed Powerfeel were highly decreased, compared to those of control in both experiments. Powerfeel supplementation seemed to decrease the number of both Salmonella and E. coli in illeum, but was not consistency in cecum. Chicks fed Powerfeel showed significantly higher ND titer than control (P〈0.05). These results indicated that the optimum level of Powerfeel to maximize the performance of broiler chicks were estimated from 0.050 to 0.075% in broiler diets.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.185-193
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• 1994

Both the wet and dry types of garlic peeling machines are being presently used in domestic garlic processing factory, but the dry type is more popular than the wet type because of higher peeling efficiency. The peeling efficiency of these machines is estimated 50 to 80%, depending on the difference in garlic varieties, physical properties and moisture content of garlic samples. If the peeling time is increased in order to improve the peeling efficiency, the damage on the surface of peeled garlic and the consumption of electric power are also increased. This study was carried out to solve these problems in garlic peeling operation and to obtain the optimun design factor for the friction type separator. The results are summarized as follows : 1. The average friction coefficients of peeled and unpeeled garlic samples were 0.91 and 0.51. respectively, for the acrylic plate, and 0.96 and 0.51, respectively, for the stainless plate. 2. For the inclined acrylic pipe with the pipe length 90 cm, the inclined angle $39^{\circ}$ and the pipe diameter 45-55 mm, the falling time of peeled garlic samples was 0.2 sec, faster than unpeeled garlic samples. 3. For the inclined stainless pipe with the pipe length 90 cm, the inclined angle $34^{\circ}$, $39^{\circ}$ and the pipe diameter pipe 35 mm, the falling time of peeled garlic samples was 0.7 sec, slower than that with the pipe diameter 47mm. 4. The stainless pipe with the pipe length 80~90 cm, the inclined angle $39^{\circ}{\sim}40^{\circ}$ and the pipe diameter 40~50 mm was the most suitable as the material of friction pipe. 5. Experimental garlic peeling machine is composed of garlic sample feeding device, friction stainless pipe and hopper. The peeling efficiency was 81 to 96%, and the separating capacity, 600 gr/min.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.153-159
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• 2006

The ark shell (or 'blood clam') Scapharca broughtonii is a filter-feeding bivalve that has red blood and inhabits waters approximately 10m in depth off the southern coast of South Korea. This study was part of a larger research project investigating the causes of death and restoration of shellfish resources, which are important aquaculture products in South Korea. We examined physiological responses related to survival, respiration, excretion, and amino acid changes as a result of changes in salinity. The 9-day median lethal salinity ($LS_{50}$) was 16.5 psu with confidence limits of 14.9-18.1 psu. At $25^{\circ}C$, the oxygen consumption and ammonia-nitrogen excretion rates were increased with decreases in salinity. Although the osmolality of individuals was acclimated within 2 h at 26.4 psu and 12 h at 19.8 psu, it took more than 5 days at a salinity of 13.2 psu, whereas no individuals acclimated and all died at a salinity of 6.6 psu. Of the amino acids present in the blood, taurine and alanine increased in response to decreased salinity. Tissues of the gill and the mid-gut gland were affected by decreasing salinity. These data will provide important fundamental information for examining the causes of mass mortality of shellfish in the summer.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.493-498
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• 2005

The safety assessment of Bifidobacterium longum SPM1205 isolated from healthy Koreans and this strain's inhibitory effects on fecal harmful enzymes of intestinal microflora were investigated. The overall safety of this strain was investigated during a feeding trial. Groups of SD rats were orally administered a test strain or commercial reference strain B. longum $1\times10^9\;CFU/kg$ body weight/day for four weeks. Throughout this time, their feed intake, water intake and live body weight were monitored. Fecal samples were periodically collected to test harmful enzyme activities of intestinal microflora. At the end of the four-week observation period, samples of blood, liver, spleen, kidney, and gut tissues were collected to determine for hematological parameters and histological differences. The results obtained in this experiment demonstrated that four weeks of consumption of this Bifidobacterium strain had no adverse effects on rat's general health status, blood biochemical parameters or histology. Therefore, it is likely to be safe for human use. Fecal harmful enzymes such as $\beta-glucosidase,\;\beta-glucuronidase$, tryptophanase and urease, were effectively inhibited during the administration of the B. longum SPM1205. These results suggested that this B. longum SPM 1205 could be used for humans as a probiotic strain.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.862-866
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• 2016

Common stalked barnacle Pollicipes mitella is a filter-feeding crustacean that attaches itself to the surfaces of rocks in the ocean intertidal zone. Pollicipes mitella is one of about a dozen species of goose barnacle that are gathered commercially for human consumption. In Portugal and Spain, they are a widely consumed and expensive delicacy known as "Percebes (Pollicipes pollicipes )". However, common stalked barnacle is less popular in Korea, and information on its nutritional component is not yet available. In the present study, we analyzed the proximate and fatty acid compositions and mineral content of common stalked barnacle (muscle and cirrus). The muscle and cirrus of common stalked barnacle were 15.1% and 14.3% protein, and 3.31% and 1.81% lipid, respectively. The prominent fatty acids in the muscle and cirrus were 22:6n-3 (docosahexaenoic acid, DHA), 16:0, 20:5n-3 (eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA), 18:0, 18:1n-9, 16:1n-7 and 14:0. In particular, common stalked barnacle contained high levels of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as DHA (25.4-25.6%) and EPA (14.7-15.1%), and low levels of the n-6 fatty acid, 20:4n-6 (1.2-1.3%). Common stalked barnacle contained a relatively large amount of Zn (10-42 mg/100 g) in its muscle and cirrus.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.105-115
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• 2015

Background: Alcoholic steatosis is the earliest and most common liver disease, and may precede the onset of more severe forms of liver injury. Methods: The effect of Korean Red Ginseng extract (RGE) was tested in two murine models of ethanol (EtOH)-feeding and EtOH-treated hepatocytes. Results: Blood biochemistry analysis demonstrated that RGE treatment improved liver function. Histopathology and measurement of hepatic triglyceride content verified the ability of RGE to inhibit fat accumulation. Consistent with this, RGE administration downregulated hepatic lipogenic gene induction and restored hepatic lipolytic gene repression by EtOH. The role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver diseases is well established. Treatment with RGE attenuated EtOH-induced cytochrome P450 2E1, 4-hydroxynonenal, and nitrotyrosine levels. Alcohol consumption also decreased phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, which was restored by RGE. Moreover, RGE markedly inhibited fat accumulation in EtOH-treated hepatocytes, which correlated with a decrease in sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 and a commensurate increase in sirtuin 1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-a expression. Interestingly, the ginsenosides Rb2 and Rd, but not Rb1, significantly inhibited fat accumulation in hepatocytes. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that RGE and its ginsenoside components inhibit alcoholic steatosis and liver injury by adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase/sirtuin 1 activation both in vivo and in vitro, suggesting that RGE may have a potential to treat alcoholic liver disease.