• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.43 no.2
• /
• pp.212-220
• /
• 2010

Effects of sediment and toxic cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa on feeding behaviors of an omnivorous fish, gold fish (Carassius auratus) were examined in laboratory and in situ mesocosm. Laboratory feeding experiments were performed in small aquaria (7 L) with cyanobacterial blooms (mainly M. aeruginosa) under the condition of sediments and no-sediments, and toxic (NIES-298) and non-toxic M. aeruginosa (NIES-101). In situ feeding experiments were conducted at the shore of eutrophic lake (Lake Ilgam, Seoul) in the mid-July, 2005. Results showed that fish introduction decreased the concentration of Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) at higher rate in no sediment-containing aquaria. In contrast, there was a drastic increase of Chl-a in the sedimentcontaining aquaria. Fish effectively removed the M. aeruginosa cells without algal toxin (microcystin). Fish also selectively removed the large size Chl-a (>$50{\mu}m$), although all kinds of nutrients were increased after fish introduction, especially ammonia. Our results indicate that the strategic introduction of domestic omnivores Carassius auratus, to control cyanobacterial bloom in eutrophic lake will negatively play in the water quality improvement via a sediment disturbance and a density-dependent digestion.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.34 no.3
• /
• pp.178-185
• /
• 2015

BACKGROUND: The coexisting shorebirds often use various foraging strategies, including feeding methods and habitat use, which are the likely mechanisms to explain the variation of morphological and behavior traits. We studied the foraging behaviors of four shorebirds to define how species separate according to habitat structures in rice fields of western-central Korea during their northward migration. METHODS AND RESULTS: The studied species were Long-toed Stints (Calidris subminuta), Wood Sandpipers (Tringa glareola), Common Greenshanks (Tringa nebularia), and Black-tailed Godwits (Limosa limosa), which were commonly observed in rice fields and represented by a wide range of morphological traits. Habitats were categorized into three types ("plowed with water", "shallow water level after harrowing", and "deep water level after harrowing") according to the irrigation intensity and soil manipulation of the farming practices. Long-toed Stints mainly foraged in the "plowed with water", where they used both visual and tactile searching methods. Wood Sandpipers and Common Greenshanks were frequently observed in "shallow water level after harrowing" They spent a considerable amount of time using a visual searching method. Black-tailed Godwits were selectively attracted to "deep water level after harrowing" and used tactile cues as their predominant feeding technique. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that the water levels related in soil manipulation and irrigation intensity influence the accessibility to foraging sites and the detectability of prey for shorebirds species.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.159-168
• /
• 2010

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of by-product mixing silage feeding on the eating and ruminating behavior of fattening Hanwoo steer. A total of 12 Hanwoo steers (21 months old) were divided into three feeding groups and assigned to 3 dietary treatments: control (C: concentrate + ad libitum feeding of rice straw), and by-product mixing silage groups (T1: concentrate + 1 kg restricted feeding of by-product mixing silage + ad libitum feeding of rice straw, T2: concentrate + ad libitum feeding of by-product mixing silage). Eating behaviors were observed for 48 hours. Total feed intake was high in the order of T1 > C > T2, but not significantly different among the treatments. The eating and chewing time were significantly higher in C than by-product mixing silage treatments (P<0.05). Ruminating and resting time were not significantly different among the treatments. Number of bolus, number of total chews and number of chews per bolus were not significantly different among the treatments. But ruminating time per bolus and FVI (feed value index) were significantly higher in C than T1 and T2 (p<0,01, 0.05). Bolus per minute was the highest in T1 (p<0.01). Number of drinking was significantly higher in T2 than C and T1 (p<0.05), but defecating and urinating were not significantly difference among the treatments. Eating rate was the highest in T2 (p<0.05), but ruminating and chewing efficiency were not significantly difference among the treatments. Consequently, there was no big difference on eating behavior when feed by-product silage comparing with rice straw. Therefore, it is thought that by-product mixing silage could be the alternative for the rice straw.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.127-134
• /
• 2017

This study was conducted to identify the reproductive behavior of the barn swallow. The study was carried out in Gwangju, Korea during the 2013 breeding season. In the morning, the nest-building frequency was 14.2~31.0 trips/h (10.2~19.8 trips/h by male and 4.0~11.4 trips/h by female). The nest-building activity took 7.6~15.9 min/h (4.8~8.1 min/h by male and 2.8~8.0 min/h by female). The nest-building time by female ($40.0{\pm}27.9sec/trip$) was about 1.5 times longer than the nest-building time by male ($26.1{\pm}15.5sec/trip$). Only the female incubated the eggs. The Incubation time was $50.6{\pm}17.5min/h$ (84%) at 6h, 24.5 min/h (40.8%) at 7h and 15.6 min/h (26.0%) thereafter. During daytime, the female incubation time showed a highly significant difference (p<0.001), and the incubation time at 6h was higher than that at other times. There was a significantly negative correlation between female incubation time and the mean air temperature(p<0.05). The frequency of feeding was $385.2{\pm}66.9trips/nest$ in the daytime ($219.2{\pm}37.1trips/nest$ by male and $166.0{\pm}30.8trips/nest$ by female). The frequency of feeding per hour was $32.1{\pm}12.3trips/h$ ($18.3{\pm}7.8trips/h$ by male and $14.3{\pm}4.5trips/h$ by female). The frequency of feeding per hour showed a significant difference in the range of 10h(p<0.05) and 15h(p<0.01) by sex. The time of feeding by female ($40.9{\pm}83.3sec/trip$) was longer than the time of feeding by male ($12.3{\pm}31.0sec/trip$). The juvenile defecation frequency was $45.6{\pm}8.4times/nest$ per day and showed a positive correlation with feeding frequency (p<0.05). The results of this study will be helpful in understanding the reproductive behaviors of the swallow adapted to the environment in Korea.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.140-146
• /
• 2014

This experiment aimed to evaluate the effects of different housing systems on behavioral activities, welfare and meat quality of fast-growing broilers. Two hundred broilers were allocated into two housing systems: indoor housing vs indoor with outdoor access. Their general behavior (feeding, drinking, fighting, standing, lying, walking, investigating, dust-bathing and preening) was observed, and tonic immobility, fluctuating asymmetry of legs and wings were measured, and meat quality was analyzed. The results showed that the indoor-housed broilers with outdoor access had significant higher standing, walking, investigating, dust-bathing and preening than those indoor only. However, farming system was not found to significantly affect their feeding, drinking and fighting activities (p>0.05). The value of FA of tibia length of the broilers with outdoor access was significantly lower than that of the indoor-housed birds ($1.57{\pm}1.30$ vs $2.76{\pm}1.40$, p<0.05), while no difference was found for the value of FA in tibia diameter and wing length (p>0.05). TI of the broilers with outdoor access was 165.5 that was significantly higher than that (147.2) of the indoor birds (p<0.05). However, death rate in the outdoor run groups was significantly higher than that of the indoor ones ($2.0{\pm}0.81$ vs $4.0{\pm}0.82$, p<0.05). Meat quality was not affected by the two farming systems. It can be concluded that the results of this study may suggest that the indoor housing with outdoor access provides enriched environment for broilers and facilitates the expression of natural behaviors of the broilers but resulted in poorer performance and higher death rate.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.37 no.7
• /
• pp.69-81
• /
• 1999

The purpose of this study was to evaluate food behavior in relation to the program of kindergarten and day care center as well as to identify problems which can be aroused there. We conducted the survey repeatedly, ten times among same 124 preschool children below 5 years old. The instruments were categorized into 3 different parts: part 1 for pre-meal food behavior, part 2 for mid-meal food behavior, and part 3 for after-meal food behavior. These were types of checklists which consisted of guideline of habit formation for daily life, especially food habit were developed on the basis of the National Kindergarten Curriculum. We Have reached the following results. $\circled1$ The group of below 3 year-old children had lunch and snacks more frequently than other age groups. $\circled2$ The children's age did playa role as one of the factors which influences on children's food behavior. The less frequency of taking meals in day care center the better their food behavior score. $\circled3$ Therefore, the age of children whose age is 3 or Jess spent more (of day) time at care center and had significantly more number of meals and snack at the care center. In such case, the food behavior was found to be not in good shape. I-ence, the children who were more exposed to feeding meal in kindergarten and day care center, were like to form unfavorable food behavior. The average food behavior score is significantly correlated with pre-mea, mid-meal, and post-meal food behavior. The study suggested that feeding program for young children at kindergarten and day care center should be systematized and developed on the basis of the status of their food behavior.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.155-170
• /
• 2000

This study was aimed at preparing basic data required for establishment of a cancer screening program by examining the status of cancer screenings performed by women in a city and the factors that had an influence on cervical and breast cancers screening behavior of women. In order to find out the status of cervical and breast cancers screening and the factors having an influence on cervical and breast cancers screening behavior, 1,113 women were selected as study area and subjects by a random cluster sampling method, and the subjects were answered by questionnaires. The major results were as follows: 1. In the cases of the breast and the cervical cancers, 16.7% and 55.7% of the subjects turned out to have had one or more screenings respectively in their life-time. Also the rate of screening group of cervical and breast cancers was 16.7%, the rate of screening group of only cervical cancer was 38.9%, and the rate of non-screening group was 44.4%. 2. As to the screening pattern of cervical and breast cancer, there were significantly for age, income, occupation, married status, spouse, the factors associated with health promotion (doctor visiting, exercising), married age, number of children, and breast feeding(p〈0.05). 3. The factors associated with screening behaviors for cervical and breast cancers were age, income, occupation, married status, doctor visiting, exercising, married age, number of children, and breast feeding(p〈0.05). Based on the above-mentioned results obtained by this study, it was anticipated that this study may be playa vital role as basic data for the development and execution of cervical and breast cancers screening program for women in a community. And the analysis, done on the basis of the status of the cancer screening, of the influence factors on cervical and breast cancers screening behavior showed that for the development of a cancer screening program, the factors like age, social-economic class, married status, health promotion behavior, and reproductive characteristics should be considered.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.22 no.11
• /
• pp.1574-1580
• /
• 2009

To evaluate the effect of different housing systems on sow behavior, 80 gilts were randomly allocated at puberty to four treatments: i) sow stall in gestation followed by farrowing crate (SC), ii) group housing with individual feeding in gestation followed by farrowing crate (GC), iii) ESF (Electronic Sow Feeding) system in gestation followed by farrowing crate (EC), and iv) ESF system followed by group farrowing pen (EG). Behavioral observations were carried out on a total of 16 animals per treatment at the following stages: first day of allocation to housing treatment, day of service, 80 days after service, 109 days after service on entry to farrowing accommodation, 24 h before farrowing, day of farrowing, 14, 27 and 28 days after farrowing, at weaning. On each occasion, individual animals were observed for a 24 period with one minute time sampling. There were significant differences (p<0.001) between stages of the reproductive cycle for all the behavior patterns in all treatments. On the first day in experimental housing treatments, sows spent more time rooting and dog-sitting. Activity and investigatory behavior decreased as pregnancy progressed. An activity peak was apparent just before farrowing, followed by a high level of inactivity on the day of farrowing. Time spent active, eating and drinking increased as lactation progressed, and greatest activity and locomotion was seen immediately following weaning. There were significant differences between housing treatments (p<0.01) for standing, moving, eating, drinking, dog-sitting and lying. During pregnancy SC sows spent more time standing, rooting, drinking and dog sitting, while EC sows spent less time rooting and drinking and more time lying. During lactation, GC sows spent more time standing, moving and eating, less time dog sitting and lateral lying. Nursing frequency was reduced in GC sows (p<0.001). The maternal and piglet behaviors were influenced strongly by environment during lactation. However, it was also shown that previous housing history can influence the maternal behavior in the pre-farrowing stage and during early lactation.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.79-86
• /
• 2016

Stomach contents of Amblychaeturichthys hexanema and A. sciistius (Perciformes: Gobiidae) from southeastern waters off Korea were analyzed to determine dietary habits and the presence of any inter- and intra-specific partitioning of food resources. These two species were bottom-feeding carnivores that consumed mainly benthic crustaceans, and other demersal invertebrates and planktonic organisms were also important in their diets. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (nMDS) ordination and multivariate analyses based on gravimetric contributions of the different prey taxa to stomach contents revealed significant inter-specific dietary differences; i.e. partitioning of food resources between the two species. Size-related changes, however, were not significant for their diets. Differences in the types and range of prey ingested by the two species could often be related to differences in the feeding behaviors. Our results of stomach contents analyses provide clear evidence of niche segregation between co-occurring A. hexanema and A. sciistius in southeastern Korean waters, which would reduce the likelihood of inter-specific competition for food resources.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.55 no.4
• /
• pp.325-330
• /
• 2013

Providing an adequate environment for horses is important to minimize the level of stress for domesticated horses. The objectives of this study were 1) to evaluate the effect of living conditions on stress level of horses, 2) to observe the effect of one month confinement on self-maintenance behavior and stereotypic behavior of horses. The experiment was conducted at National Institute of Animal Science, Equine Field Station (Seonghwan-eup, Korea). Horses were staying in the paddock prior to the experiment. On day 1, five horses were randomly selected and housed in metal fence panels stall. Six horses remained in the same paddock. The ratio of neutrophil to lymphocyte (on day 15) and cortisol (on day 1 and 29) from stalled horses were significantly higher than horses in the paddock. Duration or frequency of self-maintenance behaviors such as feeding, drinking, resting, walking was not significantly different between day 1 and day 29. However, the frequency of urination significantly decreased (p<0.05) on day 29 compared with day 1. The frequency of stereotypic behaviors was not different between day 1 and 29. Our data indicate that horses may be more stabled when they are staying in the paddock rather than staying in the stall, but the stress level of horses in the stall during one month confinement was not effective for horses to adapt stereotypic behavior. In conclusion, providing an adequate environment and stress-less horse management techniques can minimize the stress level of horses.