• Title/Summary/Keyword: Feed-Rate

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Multi-response optimization for milling AISI 304 Stainless steel using GRA and DFA

  • Naresh, N.;Rajasekhar, K.
    • Advances in materials Research
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    • v.5 no.2
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    • pp.67-80
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    • 2016
  • The objective of the present work is to optimize process parameters namely, cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut in milling of AISI 304 stainless steel. In this work, experiments were carried out as per the Taguchi experimental design and an $L_{27}$ orthogonal array was used to study the influence of various combinations of process parameters on surface roughness (Ra) and material removal rate (MRR). As a dynamic approach, the multiple response optimization was carried out using grey relational analysis (GRA) and desirability function analysis (DFA) for simultaneous evaluation. These two methods are considered in optimization, as both are multiple criteria evaluation and not much complicated. The optimum process parameters found to be cutting speed at 63 m/min, feed rate at 600 mm/min, and depth of cut at 0.8 mm. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed to classify the significant parameters affecting the responses. The results indicate that depth of cut is the most significant parameter affecting multiple response characteristics of GFRP composites followed by feed rate and cutting speed. The experimental results for the optimal setting show that there is considerable improvement in the process.

An Experimental Study of Al2017 on Characteristics of the Surface Roughness in Machining Center Processing (머시닝센터 가공에서 Al2017의 표면거칠기 특성에 관한 실험적 연구)

  • Kim, Chan-Young
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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    • v.11 no.3
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    • pp.68-72
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    • 2012
  • Al2017 is typical Duralumin of self-hardening aluminum alloy. It is lightweight, formability and machinability so throughout the industries have widely used automobile, electronics, semiconductor and aircraft as material. A variety of CNC machine tool processing technology, scientific principles and experience have been studied in order to increase accuracy and productivity. Using a machining center is to constant amount of side step and cutting characteristics studied changing depth of cut, revolution per minute and feed rate.

Control if Chip From by Adjusting Feed-rate (이송량 조정에 의한 칩의 형태 제어)

  • 전재억;심재형;백인환
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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    • 1997.04a
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    • pp.993-997
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    • 1997
  • The continuous chip depresses the accuracy of workpieces and promotes the wear of machine tools and hunts operators. So chip control os a major problem in turning process. In this paper, a method of chip identification is develope by pyrometer. The identifier is applied in real-time control of chip pattern with adjusting feedrate.

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Wire-cut 방전가공에서 가공조건이 표면거칠기에 미치는 영향

  • 유중학;최만성
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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    • 1992.04a
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    • pp.109-114
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    • 1992
  • This paper describes an effect of operating condition on surface roughness in wire-cut FDM. The experimental values of surface roughness were measured by the test pieces under the condition of changing. On time, Off time, and Feed rate after fixing other conditions. The material of the test pieces is the alloy tool steel(STD 11) and was used after heat treatment. The results are as follows: 1. The surface roughness became rapidly worse according to the increase of On time and Feed rate. 2. The surface roughness became slowly better according to the increase of Off time.

Studies on the Preserving Method for Inhibiting Feed Degradation (사료변질 방지를 위한 보존방법에 관한 연구)

  • 김대진;방극승;김영길;최경문;김진성
    • Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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    • v.8 no.1
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    • pp.7-14
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    • 1981
  • The experiment using Anake broiler strain chicks was conducted to study the effort fungistatic agents on microbial counts, Ins of nutrient, growth rate and feed efficiency of the broiler. Feed was adjusted to 12% and 15% moisture level during hot and high humidity season and sorbic acid at the level of 0.02%, 0.04% and Ca-propionic acid at the level 0.1% 0.2% was added. The results obtained were as follows. 1, The Addition of fungistatic agents could slightly reduce mold and yeast counts. The highest effect on inhibition of mold and yeast counts was observed for the addition of sorbic acid at 0.04% level to the fled contained 15% moisture. 2, Approximately 14% starch loss of ground corn was observed from the fred contained 15% moisture and the loss could be diminished to 3-7% by the addition of fungistatic agents with the superior effect of sorbic acid to Ca-propionic acid. 3. Approximately 15% fat loss was detected when high moisture fled was und and this was reduced to 7% by the addition of 0.04% sorbic acid to the feed. 4. Significantly higher growth rate (p<0.05) during starter period was observed for low moisture feed added by sorbic acid compared with that for high moisture diet without fungistatic agents or with Ca-propionate at the level of 0.1%. 5. Significantly lower feed efficiency (p<0.05) during starter period of high moisture feed without fungistatic agents was observed; hower no significant different response was detected by either moisturer level of kinds and levels of fungistatic agents used. 6. Significantly higher growth rate (p<0.05) during finisher period of lower moisture feed with 0.04% sorbic acid was observed compared with that of high moisture fled without fungistatic agents or the feed added by 0.1% Ca-propionate level. 7. Significantly higher feed efficiency (p<0.05) during finisher period of low moisture feed added by sorbic acid 0.02% or 0.04% level was found compared with that of high moisture feed without fungistatic agents and low moisture feed added by Ca-propionate at the level of 0.1% or 0.2%. 8. Mort bacteria, mold and yeast were observed in the ceca than in small intestine. The. moisture content of dict had no effect on intestinal microfloral counts. However, numbers of mold and yeast of intestine could slightly be reduced by fungistatic agents administration. 9. Nothing but encephalomalacia to chicks fed feed contained 15% moisture without addition of fungistatic agents was observed. In conclusion, addition of either sorbid acid at 0.04% level and Ca-propionate at 0.2% level to high moisture feed or reduced moisture level to 12% could be con-sidered more effective to enhance growth rate and fled efficiency of broilers during summer period.

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The Effect of Fermented Crude Feed from Korean Pine′s Foliage on the Growth of Korean Native Bull (잣나무 지엽을 이용한 발효 조사료가 한우의 성장에 미치는 영향)

  • 나기정;최인규;정의배
    • Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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    • v.16 no.2
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    • pp.257-264
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    • 1999
  • The objective of this study was to estimate the possibility of use as a crude feed about Korean pine foliage. Foliage was fermented aerobic and anaerobic state. And then, it was fed Korean native bull 5 to 6 month old. Bulls were fed control (n=4), aerobic fermented (n=4) and anaerobic fermented (n=4) feed 30 percent of total ration. Bulls were examined with blood sample and body weight on day 0, 60, 120 and 180. There were no differences on complete blood cell count serum chemistry and incidence of disease among groups for experiment period. Also, electrolytes (Ca, Mg, P) balance were good condition. Experimental feed did not induced toxicosis in kidney and liver, Fermented foliage and leaves of Korean softwood were efficient crude feed in carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism. Experimental feed induced growth of Korean native bull body weight in growing stage without retard. In addition to anaerobic fermented feed has a more higher growth rate than control feed. Our conclusion is that fermented softwood substitute some part of ration, minimum 30 percent, in growing stage of a Korean native bull.

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A REVIEW OF THE MICROBIAL DIGESTION OF FEED PARTICLES IN THE RUMEN

  • McAllister, T.A.;Bae, H.D.;Yanke, L.J.;Cheng, K.J.;Ha, J.K.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.7 no.3
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    • pp.303-316
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    • 1994
  • Microbial digestion of feed in the rumen involves a sequential attack culminating in the formation of fermentation products and microbial cells that can be utilized by the host animal. Most feeds are protected by a cuticular layer which is in effect a microbial barrier that must be penetrated or circumvented for digestion to proceed. Microorganisms gain access to digestible inner plant tissues through damage to the cuticle, or via natural cell openings (e.g., stomata) and commence digestion from within the feed particles. Primary colonizing bacteria adhere to specific substrates, divide to form sister cells and the resultant microcolonies release soluble substrates which attract additional microorganisms to the digestion site. These newly attracted microorganisms associate with primary colonizers to form complex multi-species consortia. Within the consortia, microorganisms combine their metabolic activities to produce the diversity of enzymes required to digest complex substrates (e.g., cellulose, starch, protein) which comprise plant tissues. Feed characteristics that inhibit the microbial processes of penetration, colonization and consortia formation can have a profound effect on the rate and extent of feed digestion in the rumen. Strategies such as feed processing or plant breeding which are aimed at manipulating feed digestion must be based on an understanding of these basic microbial processes and their concerted roles in feed digestion in the rumen.

The Low Feed Intake in Newly-weaned Pigs: Problems and Possible Solutions

  • Dong, G.Z.;Pluske, J.R.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.20 no.3
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    • pp.440-452
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    • 2007
  • The low feed intake immediately after weaning is responsible for villous atrophy and reduced growth rate in newly-weaned pigs. Overcoming this drawback will produce beneficial results for swine producers, and this warrants an understanding of the factors affecting the feed intake in newly-weaned pigs. In fact, a plethora of factors exert influences on feed intake in newly-weaned pigs, and these factors encompass health status, creep feeding, weaning age, mixing of litters, environment, dietary nutrient level and balance, palatability of ingredients, forms of diet presentation, water supply and quality, and stockmanship. Due to the complexity of the factors that affect the feed intake of weaned pigs, a comprehensive approach should be adopted to overcome the low feed intake problem right after weaning. It warrants mention that it is almost impossible to completely restore the feed intake just after weaning to pre-weaning level in terms of energy intake through dietary means which are available for being practiced economically and/or technically in current swine production. However, a refined dietary regime will certainly alleviate the low feed intake problem in the immediate postweaning period.

Dietary inclusion effect of various levels of jack mackerel meal on the growth performance, feed efficiency and whole body composition of rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli)

  • Baek, Seong Il;Cho, Sung Hwoan;Kim, Hee Sung
    • Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.24 no.9
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    • pp.311-317
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    • 2021
  • Inclusion effect of various levels of jack mackerel meal (JMM) acting as feed attractants and/or stimulants in diets on the growth, feed consumption, feed utilization and whole body composition of rockfish was investigated. Three hundred juvenile rockfish were randomly allocated into 15 flow-through tanks. Five experimental diets supplemented with JMM at 0%, 1%, 3%, 5%, and 10% at the expense of anchovy meal were prepared and referred to as the JMM0, JMM1, JMM3, JMM5, and JMM10 diets, respectively. Weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR) and feed consumption of fish tended to improve with dietary levels of JMM. The greatest weight gain, SGR and feed consumption were observed in fish fed the JMM10 diet, followed by the JMM5, JMM3, JMM1, and JMM0 diets, in that order. Condition factor (CF) of fish tended to improve with dietary inclusion levels of JMM. Growth performance, feed consumption and CF of fish tended to improve with dietary inclusion levels of JMM ranging from 0% to 10%.

A Study on Inequality Rate of Lubrication for Motor-driven Cylinder Lubricator by the Electronically Controlled Quill System Equipped with an Accumulating Distributor in a Large Two-stroke Diesel Engine (대형 2행정 디젤기관용 축압분배기 부착 전자제어식 퀼 시스템 모터구동 실린더 주유기의 주유 불균일률에 관한 연구)

  • Bae, Myung-Whan;Jung, Hwa;Bae, Chang-Hwan
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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    • v.20 no.3
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    • pp.26-36
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    • 2012
  • Minimizing the cylinder wear and the consumption rate of cylinder oil in a large two-stroke diesel engine is of great economic importance. A motor-driven cylinder lubricator for Sulzer RT-flex large two-stroke diesel engines developed by authors is in need of mounting a quill system to lubricate cylinder parts for a smooth operation. In order to apply the common-rail lubricating system to the developed cylinder lubricator as the second research stage, the mechanical quill system with a progressively quantitative distributor (M.D.S.) is improved in the electronically controlled quill system with an accumulating distributor (E.D.S.). In this study, the effects of lubricator motor speed, plunger stroke and cylinder back pressure on oil feed rate and inequality rate are experimentally investigated by applying E.D.S. to the developed cylinder lubricator. It is found that the oil feed rate of E.D.S. is higher than that of M.D.S. because of the increase of delivery speed and volume by changing the role of accumulator in the same experimental condition. It can be also shown that, in E.D.S., the inequality rate is decreased a little or hardly unchanged as the cylinder back pressure and plunger stroke is elevated, while the inequality rate increased in M.D.S.. The inequality rates of E.D.S. and M.D.S. are lowered as the lubricator motor speed is increased.