• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제53권6호
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• pp.517-523
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• 2011

The experiment was conducted with 144 broiler chicks from day-old to 5 weeks of age to investigate the efficacy of a water additive in broiler production. The chicks were randomly distributed into four different treatments namely T1 (control), T2 (water additive as per recommendation level), T3 (25% less than recommendation) and T4 (25% more than recommendation). Body weight of control group was higher in 2nd week of age, but at the end of the experiment additive groups showed higher values compare to control (p<0.05). Body weight gain was increased and feed conversion ratio was improved in the additives groups during the finishing and total period, although feed intake was different among the additive groups (p<0.05). When the hematological parameters were evaluated, packed cell volume and total erythrocytes counts were increased in the additive group that received 25% more than recommendation, and hemoglobin in 25% less than recommendation group. Mean cell volume and mean cell hemoglobin of the additive groups showed lower (p<0.05) values compare to the control, but other parameters were not affected. Sales price and profit were significantly higher in the additive groups compare to the control, although total production cost was increased in the additive groups (p<0.05). All levels of water additive increased profit in comparison with the control but 25% less than recommendation level appeared to be most profitable and cost effective. It also suggests that any additive considered for poultry, must undergo trial for determining efficacy as well as its cost effectiveness for application.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.159-164
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• 2006

본 연구는 사료와 음수에 함유된 염분 수준이 육계 초기 병아리에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 실시하였다. 1일령 초생추(Hubbard)를 공시하여 14일 동안 시험을 수행하였다. 시험 1에서, 사료내 염분 함량은 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0%로 조절하여 8처리구 처리구당 3반복, 반복당 12수씩 총 288수에 급여하였고, 시험 2에서, 음수내 염분 함 량은 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0%로 조절하여 5처리구 처리구당 3반복, 반복당 12수씩 총 180수에 공급하였다. 시험 1의 경우에, 사료 섭취량과 증체량은 사료내 염분 함량이 증가할수록 감소하는 경향이었다. 특히 4% 처리구에서 각각 481 g과 168 g으로 가장 낮았으며, 폐사율은 75%로 가장 높았다. 시험 2의 경우에는, 음수 1% 처리구에서 사료 섭취량과 증체량은 각각 427 g과 162 g이었고, 폐사율은 77.8%로 가장 높았다. 염 중독 증상을 나타낸 닭들은 갈증, 식욕부진, 기립불능, 졸림, 경련 등을 나타내었고, 부검 소견에서는 복수증, 심낭수종, 심비대, 각종 장기의 출혈 등이 나타났다. 이상의 결과로 육계 초기에서 사료내 염분 함량이 3%, 음수내 염분 함량은 1% 이상에서 뚜렷한 생산성의 저하는 물론 생리 해부학적인 염분중독 증상이 나타남을 알 수 있다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.1031-1040
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• 2024

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of feeding milk replacer (MR) with varying levels of lactose and the increased supply of total solids (from 750 to 960 g/d) on performance, blood metabolites, and health of Holstein male calves during the preweaning period. Methods: Forty newborn Holstein calves (10 per treatment) were blocked according to birth weight and date of birth and distributed in a randomized block design to different liquid diets: Whole milk powder (WMP) diluted to 125 g/L solids; MR with 48% lactose (48L), diluted to 125 g/L solids; MR with 53% lactose (53L), diluted to 125 g/L solids; 53L MR corrected to 160 g/L solids (16TS) by the inclusion of a solid corrector. Calves were individually housed in wood hutches, fed 6 L/d of the liquid diet, and had free water and starter concentrate access. The study lasted 56 days. Results: Liquid diet intake was higher for calves fed 16TS than for other treatments. Calves fed 16TS presented higher protein and fat intake, followed by those fed WMP and the 48L or 53L MRs. Lactose intake was higher for 16TS-fed calves, followed by 53L, 48L, and WMP-fed calves. Starter and total dry matter intake did not differ among liquid diets. The average daily gain was higher for 16TS than 48L-fed calves, with the other treatments being intermediary. The lowest feed efficiency was observed for calves fed 48L. No effects on health were observed, as well as on selected blood metabolites, except for albumin concentration, which was higher for calves fed 16TS and WMP. Conclusion: Higher total solids content (160 g/L) in MR increases nutrient intake and consequently improves the performance of dairy calves. Feeding MRs with levels of lactose up to 53% of the DM had no deleterious effect on the performance or health of the calves.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.268-276
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• 1993

Coffee is known to increase pancreatic secretion of digestive enzymes. The mutagen, aflatoxin B1(AFB1) is contained in fermented foods and known to increase the specific activities of pancreatic chymotrypsin, trypsi, amylase, and lipase. Nowadays, coffee intake is increased among Koreans who have consumed relatively high amount of traditional fermented foods. Therefore, this study was performed to examine the effect of coffee and AFB1 on pancreatic exocrine function and structure. Rats were divided into 10 experimental groups. The first five groups were W(control group), LD(0.2g decaffeinated coffee/Kg B.W), HD(3g decaffeinated coffee/Kg B.W), LC(0.2g coffee/Kg B.W), and HC(3g coffee/Kg B.W). The second five groups were WA, LDA, HDA, LCA, HCA, same as first five groups in caffieine level but treated with AFB1. The result of this experiment showed that the caffeine intake did not influence significantly on the growth and feed efficiency. But water intake was increased by caffeine intake and AFB1 treatment. The weights of pancreas and liver were increased as the caffeine intake was increased. Trypsin activities were tend to increase in concentrated coffee groups(HD, HC). AFB1 treated groups showed the higher trypsin level than the AFB1 untreated groups. Amylase activities were tend to increase in concentrated coffee groups(HD, HC) of AFB1 untreated animals. AFB1 treated did not show the additional effect on the stimulated amylase secretion by coffee. Lipase activities were tend to decrease in concentrated coffee groups(HD, HC) of AFB1 untreated animals. Lipase activities were increased in the order named WA group, coffee groups, decaffeinated coffee groups in AFB1 treated animals. AFB1 treated groups showed the higher lipase level than AFB1 untreated groups. In the histologic observation of pancreas HCA group showed more dense compound tubuloalveolar glands and proliferation of nuclei than normal. The result suggested a development of a atypia which is ongoing phase to a cancer.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.747-752
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• 2011

The parrotfish Oplegnathus fasciatus is a sub-tropical species that is difficult to culture during the winter in South Korea. As a result, a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) was developed to rear parrotfish. This study investigated the effects of stocking density and dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration on the growth and hematology of the parrotfish in the RAS. The experimental stocking densities were 5 (SD05), 10 (SD10), 15 (SD15), and 20 kg/m3 (SD20) total body weight to tank water volume. As the stocking density increased, the mean weight gain, feed efficiency, and specific growth rate tended to decrease. However, SD10 and SD15 did not differ statistically from SD05 in feed efficiency (P>0.05). Although better growth was achieved in SD05, SD10 and SD15 appeared to be acceptable, practically and economically, in terms of feed efficiency. The experimental DO concentration ranges were 3-4 (DO3), 5-6 (DO5), and 7-8 mg/L (DO7). The mean weight gain and survival tended to increase with the DO concentration, but there were no differences among treatments (P>0.05). Although the feed efficiency did not differ among the treatments, the specific growth rates and daily feed intake increased with the DO concentration and were the highest in DO7 (P<0.05). The cortisol concentration was the highest in DO3 (P<0.05), while there was no difference between DO5 and DO7 (P>0.05).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권11호
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• pp.1469-1475
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• 2010

A study was conducted to investigate the effects of methods of feeding a total mixed ration (TMR) on behavior patterns of growing Hanwoo steers. A total of 15 growing steers (13 months old) were assigned to the control (fed roughage and concentrate mix separately), TMR1 (fed restricted TMR), and TMR2 (fed TMR ad libitum) groups. Individual behaviors of steers were observed for 48 hours. Compared with the control, feeding restricted TMR (TMR1) resulted in short eating time, long ruminating time, short chewing time, high frequencies of defecation, urination, and drinking of water, great numbers of boluses and chews, long ruminating time per bolus, low feed value index, high eating and chewing efficiencies (p<0.05). Compared with feeding restricted TMR (TMR1), feeding TMR ad libitum (TMR2) resulted in 1.2 kg more daily feed DM intake, long eating and chewing times, short resting time, great frequencies of defecation, urination and drinking of water, more numbers of boluses and chews, long ruminating time per bolus, low feed value index, low eating and high ruminating efficiencies (p<0.05) and similar chewing efficiency (p>0.05). Considering all these results, the wet TMR feeding system induced generally more desirable eating and ruminating behaviors of growing Hanwoo steers, but made the barn floor wetter due to more defecation and urination.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.87-95
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• 2024

The objective of this study was to investigate the anti-obesity effects of adding Momordica charantia (MC) and Chrysanthemum zawadskii var. latilobum (CZ) extracts to drinking water on obesity-induced mice. A total of 84 eight-week-old C57BL/6N male mice with an initial body weight (BW) of 28.11 ± 1.39 g were used in this study. All treatments were fed a high-fat diet for d 28. Mice were randomly divided into seven drinking treatments (six replicate each treatment) based on the initial BW. Treatments are as follows: control (CON), normal tap water, MC 1, CON with 1% MC aqueous extract, MC 2, CON with 2% MC aqueous extract, CZ 1, CON with 1% CZ aqueous extract, CZ 2, CON with CZ aqueous extract (2%), MCZ 1, CON with 1% MC aqueous extract and 1% CZ aqueous extract, MCZ 2, CON with 2% MC aqueous extract and 2% CZ aqueous extract. During the entire period, the CZ 1, MCZ 1, and MCZ 2 significantly decreased (p < 0.05) gain to feed than CON. The CON significantly higher (p < 0.05) water intake than other treatments on d 0 to 14. The MCZ 1 significantly decreased (p < 0.05) relative (ratio of absolute organ weight to BW) organ weights, including retroperitoneal white adipose tissue (RWAT) weight and inguinal white adipose tissue (IWAT) weight, compared to CON. In conclusion, our study suggests that there was no significant difference in the anti-obesity effects between MC and CZ, and MCZ 1 has synergistic effects by regulating adipose tissue.

• 한국가금학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국가금학회 2003년도 제20차 정기총회 및 학술발표회
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• pp.105-106
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• 2003

육계 초생추 480수를 공시하여 Lactobacillus reuteri가 $10^{6}$, $10^4$ 및 $10^2$/ml로 조정된 첨가구와 생산성, 장내 미생물 변화 및 영양소 소화율을 무첨가와 비교하였다. 증체량은 첨가구가 가장 증가하였으며, 장내 미생물은 처리간 차이가 없었다. 조단백질과 조지방 소화율은 유산균 첨가구가 개선되었으며 $10^2$cfu 첨가구는 무첨가와 차이가 없었다. 이상의 결과에서 유산균은 생산성과 영양소 소화율을 향상시키는 것으로 나타났으며 적정수준은 $10^4$cfu/ml water로 판단된다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.211-218
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 천연 암반심해수를 가축 음용수로 개발하고자 2.3% 염분을 함유하고, 칼륨(K), 마그네슘(Mg), 칼슘(Ca), 나트륨(Na), 철(Fe), 망간(Mn), 아연(Zn), 구리(Cu) 등의 광물질을 함유한 암반심해수를 0.5% 및 1%로 희석하여 흰쥐에 공급하며 면역 반응과 항산화 활성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 공시동물로 Sprague Dawley종의 수컷 흰쥐 24마리를 6마리 씩 대조군과 3개의 처리군으로 임의 배치하고, 대조군은 정제수를 급여하였고 처리군은 각각 0.5% 암반심해수, 1% 암반심해수, 지장수를 공급하여 4주 동안 사육하였다. 실험 결과, 1%의 암반수의 경우가 증체량 및 사료섭취량, 사료효율이 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 총음수량은 대조군 보다 0.5% 암반심해수의 경우는 49%, 1% 암반심해수는 22.8%, 지장수는 40.5% 가량 더 많은 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 각 조직무게의 경우, 지장수군의 신장주위지방과 정소상체지방은 각각 32%, 25% 적은 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). B 세포와 T 세포 자극능은 처리군중에서 0.5% 암반심해수 급여군이 가장 높아 대조군보다 44.7%와 207% 증가한 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 또 0.5% 암반심해수가 혈청 내 triglyceride는 4%, Free fatty acid는 4%, LDL- cholesterol은 45.9% 감소시키는 등 지질성분 변화에 가장 긍정적인 효과를 나타내었다. 항산화 활성의 경우 TBARS의 양은 0.5% 암반심해수는 21.8%, 1% 암반심해수는 34.7%, 지장수는 20.8% 정도 감소하였다. catalase 활성은 0.5% 암반심해수가 약 2.9배, 지장수가 약 1.6배 증가하였으며, Cu/Zn SOD 활성은 0.5% 암반심해수,가 약 1.5배, 1% 암반심해수가 약 1.7배 ,지장수가 약 1.2배 증가하였으며, MnSOD 활성은 모든 처리군이 대조군에 비해 약간 증가하였다. 이상의 결과로부터 가축에 0.5% 암반심해수의 급여는 LDL 콜레스테롤의 농도가 감소되고, 면역 활성 및 항산화효소 활성이 높아지는 등 고급 축산물생산의 음용수로 유익할 것으로 고찰되었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권10호
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• pp.1364-1373
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• 2012

Four crossbred (75% Holstein Friesian) lactating dairy cows, with an average live weight of $418{\pm}5$ kg and $36{\pm}10$ d in milk were randomly assigned according to a $2{\times}2$ factorial arrangement in a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design to evaluate the effects of cassava hay (CH) and rice bran oil (RBO) on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, ruminal fermentation, milk yield, and milk composition. Factor A was non-supplementation or supplementation with CH in the concentrate. Factor B was supplementation with RBO at 0% or 4% in the concentrate mixture. The four dietary treatments were (T1) control (Concentrate with non-CH plus 0% RBO; C), (T2) Concentrate with CH plus 0% RBO (CH), (T3) Concentrate with non-CH plus 4% RBO (RBO), and (T4) Concentrate with CH plus 4% RBO (CHRBO). The cows were offered concentrate, at a ratio of concentrate to milk production of 1:2, and urea-lime treated rice straw was fed ad libitum. Urea-lime treated rice straw involved 2.5 g urea and 2.5 g $Ca(OH)_2$ (purchased as hydrated lime) in 100 ml water, the relevant volume of solution was sprayed onto a 100 g air-dry (91% DM) straw, and then covering the stack with a plastic sheet for a minimum of 10 d before feeding directly to animals. The CH based concentrate resulted in significantly higher roughage intake and total DM intake expressed as a percentage of BW (p<0.05). Ruminal pH, $NH_3$-N, BUN and total VFA did not differ among treatments, while RBO supplementation increased propionate, but decreased acetate concentration (p<0.05). Furthermore, the population of total ruminal bacteria was significantly lower on the RBO diet (p<0.05). In contrast, the total ruminal bacteria and cellulolytic bacteria on the CH diet were higher than on the other treatments. Supplementation with CH increased (p<0.05) F. succinogens and R. flavefaciens populations, whereas the populations of B. fibrisolvens and M. elsdenii were increased on the RBO diet. In addition, supplementation with CH and RBO had no effect on milk production and composition in dairy cows, while fatty acid composition of milk was influenced by RBO supplementation, and resulted in significantly lower (p<0.05) concentrations of both short-chain and medium-chain FA, and increased (p<0.05) the proportion of long-chain FA in milk fat, as well as significantly increased cis-9, trans-11 CLA and total CLA. In conclusion, RBO or CH exhibited specific effects on DMI, rumen fermentation, microbial population, milk yield and composition in lactating dairy cows, which were not interactions between CH and RBO in the diets. Feeding lactating dairy cows with RBO could improve fatty acid in milk fat by increasing cis-9, trans-11 CLA.