• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.181-187
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• 1999

For the selection of an effective antagonistic biocontrol agent, we have isolated an antagonistic bacterium which produced extracellular chitinase, from a local soil of Kyongju, Korea. The selected strain was identified as Serratia proteamaculans 3095. The chitinase produced from Serratia sp. 3095 showed antifungal activity which can attack the hypha surface of Fusarium oxysporum and F. solani. The carbon and nitrogen sources for chitinase production were 0.15% colloidal chitin and 0.1% ammonium sulfate, respectively. Glucose in the chitinase production medium might inhibit the production of chitinase by feed back repression. The antagonistic Serratia sp. 3095 also showed a powerful biocontrol activity against F. oxysporum through in vitro test and in vivo pot test.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.23 no.8
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• pp.1176-1184
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• 2013

Anti-hepatocyte growth factor (anti-HGF) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are potential therapeutics against various cancers. Screening for high-producer clones is a time-consuming and complex process and is a major hurdle in the development of therapeutic mAbs. Here, we describe an efficient approach that allows the selection of high-producer Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines producing the novel anti-HGF mAb SFN68, which was generated previously by immunizing HGF bound to its receptor c-Met. We selected an SFN68-producing parental cell line via transfection of the dihydrofolate reductase-deficient CHO cell line DG44, which was preadapted to serum-free suspension culture, with an SFN68-expression vector. Subsequent gene amplification via multiple passages of the parental cell line in a methotrexate-containing medium over 4 weeks, followed by clonal isolation, enabled us to isolate two cell lines, 2F7 and 2H4, with 3-fold higher specific productivity. We also screened 72 different media formulated with diverse feed and basal media to develop a suboptimized medium. In the established suboptimized medium, the highest anti-HGF mAb yields of the 2F7 and 2H4 clones were 842 and 861 mg/l, respectively, which were about 10.5-fold higher than that of the parental cell line in a non-optimized basal medium. The selected CHO cell lines secreting high titers of SFN68 would be useful for the production of sufficient amounts of antibodies for efficacy evaluation in preclinical and early clinical studies.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.661-668
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• 2007

Data on 1,037 Nili-Ravi buffaloes from four institutional herds were used to study lifetime milk yield, herd life, productive life and breeding efficiency. A general linear model was used to study the environmental effects while an animal model having herd, year of birth and age at first calving (as covariate) along with random animal effect was used to estimate breeding values. The lifetime milk yield, herd life, productive life and breeding efficiency averaged $7,723{\pm}164$ kg, $3,990{\pm}41$ days, $1,061{\pm}19$ days and 64 percent, respectively. All the traits were significantly (p<0.01) affected by the year of birth and herd of calving, while the herd life was also affected (p<0.01) by the age at first calving. The heritabilities for lifetime milk yield, herd life, productive life and breeding efficiency were $0.093{\pm}0.056$, $0.001{\pm}0.055$, $0.144{\pm}0.079$ and 0.001, respectively. The definition for productive life, where each lactation gets credit upto 10 months had slightly better heritability and may be preferred over the definition where no limit is placed on lactation length. The genetic correlation between productive life and lifetime milk yield was low but high between productive life and herd life. The selection for productive life will increase herd life while lifetime milk yield will also improve. The overall phenotypic trend during the period under the study was negative for lifetime milk yield (-280 kg/year), herd life (-93 days), productive life (-42 days/year) and breeding efficiency (-0.36 percent/year), whereas the genetic trend was positive for lifetime milk yield (+15 kg/year) and productive life (+4 days/year).

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.197-204
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• 2006

A large sectional tunnelling method using Shield TBM is expected to be popular as domestic demand of long tunnel gets growing. Although a shield tunnelling method has been recognized as prominent method in consideration of stability and applicability in shallow and poor ground, the cases of accident and constructional trouble have been often happened due to unexpected poor ground condition, or selection and use of improper shield machine. Especially, troubling cases at tunnel face are frequently occurred, so supporting pressure control of tunnel face would be the main issue for securing safer and more efficient tunnel excavation using Shield TBM. In this point, we carried out the numerical feed-back analysis to compare the ground deformation pattern with theoretical result at tunnel face.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.1483-1496
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• 2001

Small ruminants form an important economic and ecological niche in small farm systems and agriculture. Their current low level of contribution is dismal, and is not commensurate with the potential capacity for higher levels of production. The context for productivity enhancement and increased socio-economic contribution relates to large sizes of small ruminant populations; wide distribution across various agro-ecological zones and production systems; and diversity of breeds, where 66% of all goat and 57% of sheep breeds in Asia are found in China, India and Pakistan. The advantages and disadvantages of small ruminants over larger ruminants are enumerated with reference to adaptation and environment, small size, production systems and products and interactions with the environment. Discussion focuses especially on efficiency of meat production and niche markets for higher-priced goat meat, and inefficient marketing systems given an estimated 40-45% loss of income to farmers presently. Increasing the quantity of meat produced is related to live weight and the total number of animals at Slaughter, which in turn, depend on the total number of offsprings weaned and lifetime productivity. At the national level, priority attention is essential to build up numbers in concerted breeding programmes, selection for efficiency of reproduction and meat production, and improvements to make traditional markets and marketing systems to respond to the changing environmental and consumer preferences. Post-production systems are neglected and improvements are associated with collection, handling, marketing, slaughter facilities and consumer requirements. Potential opportunities to expand and benefit from integrating small ruminants into annual and perennial cropping systems remain largely unexplored. Important development imperatives include choice of species and better use of available breeds, appropriate production systems that match available feed resources, and linkages between production, products and by-products to markets. Affirmative action is necessary, backed by official policy support, institutional commitment and increased resource use, that can target poverty and directly benefit the poor, and shift subsistence production to a more market-oriented opportunity. These efforts together constitute the challenges for both the owners and producers of small ruminants in the immediate future, as also the will to accelerate increased productivity, improve their livelihoods and promote rural growth.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.423-432
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• 2013

Zi geese (Anser anser domestica) belong to the white geese and are excellent layers with a superior feed-to-egg conversion ratio. Quantitative gene expression analysis, such as Real-time qRT-PCR, will provide a good understanding of ovarian function during egg-laying and consequently improve egg production. However, we still don't know what reference genes in geese, which show stable expression, should be used for such quantitative analysis. In order to reveal such reference genes, the stability of seven genes were tested in five tissues of Zi geese. Methodology/Principal Findings: The relative transcription levels of genes encoding hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase 1 (HPRT1), ${\beta}$-actin (ACTB), ${\beta}$-tubulin (TUB), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-dehydrogenase (GADPH), succinate dehydrogenase flavoprotein (SDH), 28S rRNA (28S) and 18S rRNA (18S) have been quantified in heart, liver, kidney, muscle and ovary in Zi geese respectively at different developmental stages (1 d, 2, 4, 6 and 8 months). The expression stability of these genes was analyzed using geNorm, NormFinder and BestKeeper software. Conclusions: The expression of 28S in heart, GAPDH in liver and ovary, ACTB in kidney and HPRT1 in muscle are the most stable genes as identified by the three different analysis methods. Thus, these genes are recommended for use as candidate reference genes to compare mRNA transcription in various developmental stages of geese.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.730-737
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• 1999

A national animal health monitoring system(NAHMS) in Gyeongnam area was started from 1997 to develop statistically valid data for use in estimating disease frequencies in dairy cattle, and the associated costs. The objectives of this study were to : (1) discribe what was done to implement and maintain the system in Gyeongnam ; (2) present selected disease frequencies ; (3) discuss the epidemiological consideration of what was done and implications for the results obtained. Veterinary Medical Officers(VMOs-professors and graduate students from Gyeongsang National University, Faculty of Gyeongnam Livestock Promotion Institute, and Clinic veterinarians) served as data collectors. After training on current disease and management problems of dairy cattle, interview techniques, sampling methods, and data collection instruments, the VMOs participated in selection of the sample herds and data gathering. Forty of 167 dairy herds were selected randomly and the VMOs visited farms once a month for 12 months to collect data about management, disease, inventory, production, preventive treatment, financial and any other relevant data. Strict data quality control devices were used. Specific feed-back was developed for the producers and data collectors. Of the three age groups studied, cows had the greatest number of disease problems. The six disorders found most frequently were (from the highest to the lowest) breeding problems, clinical mastitis, birth problems, gastrointestinal problems. metabolic problems, and lameness. In young stock, respiratory, multiple system, breeding problems, and gastrointestinal problems were pre dominant, whereas in calves, gastrointestinal, respiratory, and integumental problems were major.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.701-706
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• 2000

This study was carried out to select the lactic acid bacteria(Lactobacillus, Streptococcus and Bifidobacterium) and yeast for probiotic use in pigs. Acid-tolerant 536 strains were isolated from the feces of 30 pigs. To select useful strains, the first screened strains were treated with strong acid solution(pH 2.5 to 3.0) for 3 hours and subsequentely treated with the anaerobic diluent solution containing 0.15% Oxgall for 3 hours. Among these strains, 151 strains showed strong tolerance to both acid and bile. Lactobacillus and Streptococcus tolerant to the acid and bile were treated with heat at $80^{\circ}C$ for 15 min, and at $70^{\circ}C$ for 5 min in Bifidobacterium and yeast. As a result of heat treatment, 38 strains were obtained as heat-tolerant strains. All of heat-tolerant strains were tested for antibiotic resistance against virginiamycin, sulfathiazole, aureomycin, neomycin, linsmycin, tiamulin and ASP250 which were used as feed additives for growth promotion in pigs. Finally, one strain each from Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Bifidobacterium and yeast that showed resistance to acid, bile, heat and antibiotics was selected for probiotic use in pigs.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.9 no.10
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• pp.309-316
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• 2020

We predict the mortality of the elderly patients visiting the emergency department who are over 65 years old using Feed Forward Neural Network (FFNN) and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) respectively. Medical data consist of 99 features including basic information such as sex, age, temperature, and heart rate as well as past history, various blood tests and culture tests, and etc. Among these, we used random forest to select features by measuring the importance of features in the prediction of mortality. As a result, using the top 80 features with high importance is best in the mortality prediction. The performance of the FFNN and CNN is compared by using the selected features for training each neural network. To train CNN with images, we convert medical data to fixed size images. We acquire better results with CNN than with FFNN. With CNN for mortality prediction, F1 score and the AUC for test data are 56.9 and 92.1 respectively.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.223-231
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• 2005

A quantitative risk assessment tool was used to provide estimates of the probability that foot-and-mouth (FMD) virus-contaminated, smuggled animal products are fed to susceptible swine in Korea. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to attempt to distinguish between parameter uncertainty and variability, using different assumptions on the effect of cooking at home, the effect of the fresh meat, and the effect of heat treatment at garbage processing facility. The median risk estimate was about 20.1% with a mean value of 27.4%. In a scenario regarding all beef and pork were considered as fresh meat the estimated median risk was 3.4%. The risk was greatly dependent on the survival parameters of the FMD virus during the cooking or heat treatment at garbage processing facility. Uncertainty about the proportion of garbage that is likely contaminated with FMD had a major positive influence on the risk, whereas conversion rate representing the size of a load had a major negative effect. This model was very useful in assessing the risk explored. However, the model also requires enhancements, such as the availability of more accurate data to verify the various assumptions considered such as FMD prevalence in a specific country, proportion of garbage which is recycled as feed, proportion of food discarded as garbage. Other factors including the effect of selection of animals for slaughter, ante- and post-mortem inspection, the domestic distribution of the smuggled products, and susceptible animals other than pigs, are need to be taken into account in the future model development.