• Resources Recycling
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.16-29
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• 2009

This paper describes characteristics of pollutants in wastewater from the pulp and paper industry and biological technologies for the wastewater treatment. The wastewater from the pulp and paper industry contains high concentrations of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) and shows high toxicity and strong black-brown color. In particular, organic chlorinated compounds such as dioxins and furans may be formed by the chlorination of lignin in wood chips. Thus the pulp and paper industry is recently trending toward total chlorine-free (TCF) bleaching processes. All biological technologies for pulp and paper wastewater treatment are based on the contact between wastewater and bacteria, which feed on organic materials in the wastewater, thus they reduce BOD concentration in it. Both aerobic and anaerobic treatments were found to be effective for the wastewater treatment. Furthermore, advanced technologies such as fungal application and combined biological-filtration process have been also introduced to the wastewater treatment field. These technologies would be useful for water recycling to reduce water consumption throughout pulp and paper making process.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.23-33
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• 2020

Marine algae(Macro algae) are easily bio-degradable, and by-products are available as feed and fertilizer. The biomass of marine algae has higher CO2 absorption capacity than the wood system, and is highly valuable in use due to its fast growth speed and wide cultivation area without special cost for raw material production. In 2018, Marine algae production was 1,722,486ton, such as Saccharina japonica, Undaria pinnatifida and Porphyra tenera, the large amounts of by-products have been generated in the food processing facilities for commercialization. In this study, Saccharina japonica, Undaria pinnatifida were collected in the south coast region and Porphyra tenera was collected in the west coast region. The theoretical methane potential and biochemical methane potential(BMP) were analyzed, and Modified Gompertz model and Parallel first order kinetics model were adopted for the interpretation of the cumulative methane production curves. The theoretical methane potential of Saccharina japonica, Undaria pinnatifida and Porphyra tenera were 0.393, 0.373 and 0.435 N㎥/kg-VS, respectively. BMP obtained by the Modified gompertz model 0.226, 0.227, and 0.241 N㎥/kg-VS for Saccharina japonica, Undaria pinnatifida and Porphyra tenera, respectively. And BMP obtained by the Parallel first order kinetics model were 0.220, 0.243, and 0.240 N㎥/kg-VS for Saccharina japonica, Undaria pinnatifida and Porphyra tenera, respectively.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.931-939
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of energy supplement on responses of plasma insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 and IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) to growth hormone-releasing peptide-2 (GHRP-2) administration in normal protein-fed wethers, and to observe the effect of GHRP-2 treatment on hepatic growth hormone (GH) receptor in well-fed wethers. Plasma IGF-1 and 39-42 kDa IGFBP-3 during the HENP (CP, crude protein 0.34 and TDN, total digestible nutrients 1.83 kg/day DM, dry matter intake) treatment period were higher than in the LENP (CP 0.32 kg and TDN 0.87 kg/day DM intake) period (P<0.05). The response of GH was stimulated by GHRP-2 ($12.5\;{\mu}g/kg$ body weight/day) administration during both of the feed treatment periods (P<0.05). The area under curve (AUC) increment and average concentration of GH (0-180 min) with GHRP-2 administration was higher during HENP treatment than LENP treatment (P<0.01). During the HENP treatment period from day 1 to day 7 of twice daily GHRP-2 treatment, the plasma IGF-1 increment was increased on days 2, 6 and 7 of GHRP-2 administration (P<0.05). On the basis of ligand blotting, the proportions of plasma 39-43 kDa IGFBP-3 during the HENP treatment period only showed a significant difference on days 6 and 7 with GHRP-2 administration. No significant difference in the specific binding of $^{125}I-labeled$ oGH to hepatic membranes was detected between the saline and GHRP-2 treatments of the HENP-fed wethers. These results suggest that the nutritional balance between energy and protein may affect the endogenous GH / IGF-1 axis as well as plasma IGFBP-3 levels.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.566-575
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• 2015

The study aims to identify the generation and treatment of fishery by-products in Korea and suggests future directions and strategies for their eco-friendly utilization and industrialization. First, the study focuses on the identification of the generation and their treatment in Korea since merely few study were conducted and they did not provide enough information regarding the overall generation and treatment at the national level. According to the estimation, Korea generates 800 thousand to 1,200 thousand tones of fishery by-product every year. The fishery by-products generated at large seafood markets and processing facilities are used or processed as fish meal and feed, but those generated from households and small seafood restaurants are currently treated as food waste. In addition, inadequately treated fishery by-products cause various problems such as spoiling urban landscape, creating odor and incubating pest. After identifying the generation and treatment of fishery by-products, the study suggests directions for the formulation of infrastructure for transition into resource circulation society, minimization of dumped waste and their eco-friendly recycling as resources, diversification of recycled goods and development into a high-value added industry. Finally, the study suggests detailed strategies for the directions such as establishment of legal and institutional foundation, separation of fishery by-products from wastes, development of technology tailored for commercialization, introduction of pilot projects for industrialization and cultivation of social enterprises.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.865-870
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• 2013

In recent years, aluminum processing has been increasing in the aerospace, vehicle, airplane industries etc., because aluminum has abundant resources and has a high specific strength. Aluminum alloys have a high coefficient of thermal expansion therefore, it is necessary to consider the temperature problem in the cutting process. The objective of this research is to investigate the machinability of a hardened aluminum alloy Al7075-T6 by using cryogenic heat treatment. The machining test is conducted by comparing the cutting force and surface roughness, corresponding to various cutting conditions of depth of cut, cutting speed, and feed rate, with those of Al7075-T0.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.701-709
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• 2001

Yeso sika deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis) grazed on various types of plants, and the fiber content in these plants was low. The tastes of yeso sika deer for existing feeds for ruminant livestock resembled those of sheep. Though the digestibility of these feeds in yeso sika deer was slightly lower than that in sheep, the nutritive values of DCP and TDN were similar between the two species, suggesting that feed for sheep can be utilized. Therefore, in small-scale farming of yeso sika deer, the feeding amount in feeding planning can be determined using the feeding standards for sheep. However, when concentrates are fed, correction of TDN is necessary. In large-scale pasturage, the nutritional intake in summer is adequate because yeso sika deer graze on various types of wild plants. In winter, they mainly graze on sasa (Sasa senanensis), and supplementary food may be necessary to supply TDN. Thus, since yeso sika deer graze on many types of wild plants, existing feeds for ruminant livestock can be used. In addition, plant biomasses except concentrates that do not cause competition with existing livestock may be effectively utilized in yeso sika deer, suggesting their importance as animal resources. The data on the intake and nutritive values of Sasa senanensis can be parameters for estimating the appropriate inhabitant number of wild yeso sika deer in wintering areas.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.301-309
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• 2015

Chub mackerel, Scomber japonicus, larvae and juveniles were reared from hatching to 35 days after hatching (DAH), and the development of their digestive systems was histologically investigated. The larvae were initially fed on rotifers and Artemia nauplii starting around 19 DAH, and thereafter on Artemia nauplii, fish eggs, and a formulated feed mixture. The primitive digestive system differentiated at 3 DAH; the digestive tract was distinctively divided into the buccopharyngeal cavity, esophagus, stomach, air bladder, intestines, and rectum. The gastric gland and pyloric caeca first appeared at 5 and 7 DAH, respectively. The stomach was divided into cardiac, fundic, and pyloric regions in the preflexion phase. The number of gastric glands and pyloric caeca, as well as the volume of the gastric blind sac increased markedly, with development continuing into the juvenile stage. The precocious development of the digestive system during the larval period might be related to the early appearance of piscivory, which is able to support high growth potential. The organogenesis results obtained for this precocial species represent a useful tool to aid our understanding of the physiological requirements of larvae and juveniles to ensure optimal welfare and growth under aquaculture conditions, which will improve current rearing practices of this scombrid species.

• Proceedings of the Korea Committee for Ocean Resources and Engineering Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.24-29
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• 2003

Deep sea water has cold temperature, abundant nutrients and minerals, and good water quality that is pathogen-free and stable. Compared with surface water, deep sea water contains more nutrition salt, such as nitrogen and phosphor. Moreover, if has the good balance of minerals. Because of the ability of the spray drying process to produce a free-flowing power considering of spherical particles with a well-defined size distribution and the rapid drying times for heat-sensitive material, spray drying is attractive for a wide range of applications spray drying is a unique unit operation in which powders are produced from a liquid feed in a single processing step. Key component of the process are atomizer, spray chamber. Design of spray chamber should be based on the atomizer type, the production rate, and the particle size required. Because of the complex processes taking place during spray drying, traditional design method are based on pilot-plant tests and empirical scale-up rules. Modern technique such as CFD have a role to play in design and troubleshooting.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.257-267
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• 2015

Insects are the most successful organisms on earth in terms of their diversity and adaptability. Insect biotechnology using this insect resource is an emerging area for future biotechnology with various applications. Insect resources have long been used to make food and/or functional food, feed, cosmetics as well as medicine and industrial ingredients. Recently, one of the most well-known industrial material from insect is spider silk that could be commercialize in near future. The insect cell lines have been used to express recombinant proteins that were difficult to be functional expression. For public purpose, while, the insect could be good amenity source and plant farming, so leisure resource. Only the interdisciplinary research will guarantee the successful story for insect biotechnology. And biochemical engineers should used insect as a bioresource for new products with applications in medicine, agriculture, and industrial biotechnology in near future. This review will cover state-of-the art of this field and the research and application areas of insect biotechnology and the possible role of biochemical engineer for the development of the future biotechnology using this bioresource.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.72-82
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• 2009

A mathematical model was written for simulating the removal of phenol from wastewater in enzyme-loaded membrane reactor (EMR). The numerical simulation program was developed so as to predict the degradation of phenol through an EMR. Numerical model proves to be effective in searching for optimal operating conditions and creating an optimal microenvironment for the biocatalyst in order to optimize productivity. In this study, several dimensionless parameters such as Thiele Modulus (${\phi}^2$, dimensionless Michaelis-Menten constant ($\xi$), Peclet number (Pe) were introduced to simplify their effects on system efficiency. In particular, the study of phenol conversion at different feed compositions shows that low phenol concentrations and high Thiele Modulus values lead to higher reactant degradation.