• 생명과학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.702-707
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• 2017

최근 쌍별귀뚜라미와 갈색거저리, 흰점박이꽃무지 및 장수풍뎅이의 유충이 식품의약품안전처에서 정한 식품공전에 등록되어 일반식품원료로 인정되면서 식용곤충에 대한 관심이 높아짐에 따라 안전한 사육기술의 개발 및 표준화에 관한 연구가 요구되고 있다. 본 조사는 대표적인 식용곤충종인 흰점박이꽃무지, 장수풍뎅이, 그리고 갈색거저리를 대량사육하는 선도농가에 대한 현장조사 결과로, 흰점박이꽃무지와 장수풍뎅이는 참나무톱밥을 기본 먹이원으로 사용하고 갈색거저리는 밀기울을 기본 먹이원으로 사용하며, 각 곤충별로 추가되는 첨가물의 조성, 발효법, 먹이원의 공급시기, 사육조건, 출하 전까지의 유충 발육기간 등의 전반적인 생육조건들은 농가별로 상이하였다. 단지, 식용곤충별 유충의 무게는 사육밀도가 낮으며 출하 전까지 유충의 사육기간이 긴 경우 가장 무거운 것으로 조사되었다. 또한 식용곤충별로 48시간 절식 후 중금속 함량 분석 결과, 모든 곤충종에 있어 납과 카드뮴, 또는 비소의 함량이 식품의약품안전처에서 제시한 일반식품허용기준 이하의 수준이거나 검출되지 않았다. 따라서 조사 결과들을 바탕으로 흰점박이꽃무지, 장수풍뎅이, 그리고 갈색거저리의 사육조건과 먹이원, 사육방법 등을 표준화함으로써 양질의 균일한 곤충을 생산하고, 출하 전 48시간 이상의 절식 조건을 준수하여 중금속으로부터 안전성을 확보함으로써 식 약용 소재로의 활용 가능성이 매우 높을 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.41-63
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• 2016

Energy policy is known to have higher path dependency among policy fields (Kuper and van Soest, 2003; OECD, 2012; Kikkawa, 2013) and is a critical component of the infrastructure development undertaken in the early stages of nation building. Actor roles, such as those played by interest groups, are firmly formed, making it unlikely that institutional change can be implemented. In resource-challenged Japan, energy policy is an especially critical policy area for the Japanese government. In comparing energy policy making in Japan and Germany, Japan’s policy community is relatively firm (Hartwig et al., 2015), and it is improbable that institutional change can occur. The Japanese government’s approach to energy policy has shifted incrementally in the past half century, with the most recent being the 2012 implementation of the “Feed-In Tariff Law” (Act on Special Measures Concerning Procurement of Renewable Electric Energy by Operators of Electric Utilities), which encourages new investment in renewable electricity generation and promotes the use of renewable energy. Yet, who were the actors involved and the factors that influenced the establishment of this new law? This study attempts to assess the factors associated with implementing the law as well as the roles of the relevant major actors. In answering this question, we focus on identifying the policy networks among government, political parties, and interest groups, which suggests that success in persuading key economic groups could be a factor in promoting the law. Our data is based on the “Global Environmental Policy Network Survey 2012-2013 (GEPON2)” which was conducted immediately after the March 11, 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake with respondents including political parties, the government, interest groups, and civil society organizations. Our results suggest that the Feed in Tariff (FIT) Law’s network structure is similar to the information network and support network, and that the actors at the center of the network support the FIT Law. The strength of our research lays in our focus on political networks and their contributing mechanism to the law’s implementation through analysis of the political process. From an academic perspective, identifying the key actors and factors may be significant in explaining institutional change in policy areas with high path dependency. Close examination of this issue also has implications for a society that can promote renewable and sustainable energy resources.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.367-373
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• 2014

본 연구는 갈색거저리(Tenebrio molitor)의 사료로 주로 이용되는 밀기울을 대체할 사료원료 개발을 목표로 수행되었다. 대체원료로서 열풍건조시킨 귤껍질, 배추, 새송이버섯 및 팽이버섯 폐배지를 사용하였으며, 투여 후 유충의 생존율, 유충 무게, 유충의 발육기간, 용화율, 용무게를 측정하였다. 귤껍질과 배추를 첨가한 배지는 대체 먹이로 적합하지 않았다. 새송이버섯 폐배지의 모든 실험군에서 유충의 생존율은 대조군과 비슷하였으나 유충의 무게는 대조군에 비해 다소 낮게 나타났고, 유충 발육기간은 폐배지의 함량이 높아질수록 길어짐이 관찰되었다. 팽이버섯 폐배지 20~50% 첨가 조건에서 대조군과 비슷한 유충 및 용무게가 측정되었으며, 계대사육시 밀기울 사료에 40~50% 팽이버섯 폐배지를 첨가하는 것이 용화율을 고려했을 때 가장 효과적일 것으로 분석되었다. 결론적으로, 팽이버섯 폐배지를 40%~50% 첨가한 조건에서 기존의 밀기울 사육법과 비슷한 높은 효율성을 나타내기 때문에 팽이버섯 폐배지는 갈색거저리 유충의 대체사료로서 적합하다고 사료된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.1705-1711
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• 2004

Three experiments were conducted to investigate the interaction of breed-by-chitosan supplementation on the major economic traits in broiler chickens. In experiment 1, one-day-old broiler chicks were fed ad libitum on a basal diet (CON-group) or basal diet containing chitosan at an inclusion level of 10.5 mg/bird/day (EXP-group). The EXP-group birds in experiments 2 and 3 were supplemented from 15 day-old by the same amount of chitosan used in experiment 1. In experiment 1, the mean body weight of the EXP-group chickens was significantly (p<0.05) heavier in comparison with those of CON-group birds from day 21 of the experiment. Especially in 35 day-old mean body weight, the EXP-group birds of Arbor Acres, Peterson, and Ross were significantly (p<0.05) heavier by 121.8 g, 118.5 g, and 242.8 g than the CON-group birds, respectively. However, the mean body weights in experiments 2 and 3 did not significantly differ between the CON-group birds and the EXP-group birds fed with chitosan supplementation from day 15 post birth. In the comparisons among breeds on the mean body weight at 35 day-old, the birds of Arbor Acres were significantly (p<0.05) heavier than ones of Peterson or Ross; however, there were no significant differences between Peterson and Ross or Cobb and Ross birds in overall in the experiments. The mean 15-35 d FCR of the EXP-group birds in experiment 1 were significantly (p<0.05) lower at least in two of the three breeds (Arbor Acres and Ross breeds) than that of the CON-group birds. None of the mean 15-35 d FCR in either experiment 2 or 3 showed significant differences between groups within a breed. In all three experiments, the differences amongst breeds in the mean 15-35 d FCR were not great either. Significant differences were not generally shown in the mean percentage of abdominal fat deposition between groups within a breed in overall experiments except in the Cobb breed in experiment 3. The mean percentages of abdominal fat deposition were significantly (p<0.05) lower in Ross birds than in Arbor Acres or Peterson birds and in Cobb birds than in Ross birds. By the results of the analysis of variance, the interaction of breed-by-diet (chitosan) supplementation on any of the major economic traits including mean percentage of abdominal fat deposition was not significant in overall experiments. Results of these experiments indicate that dietary supplementation with chitosan for the improvement of growth or feed conversion ratio in broilers has an efficacy when the supplementation begins from day-old.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제19권9호
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• pp.39.1-39.9
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• 2016

Magnesium hydrogen phosphate (MHP, $MgHPO_4$) recovered from swine manure was prepared as an alternative phosphorus (P) source. Conventional P additives, monocalcium phosphate (MCP), dicalcium phosphate (DCP), and tricalcium phosphate (TCP) were compared with the MHP in terms of growth and P availability by juvenile carp Cyprinus carpio. A basal diet as a negative control was prepared using practical feed ingredients without P supplementation to which four supplemental P sources were added at the level of 2%. Five groups of 450 fish having mean body weight of 6.5 g following 24 h fasting after 2 weeks of adaptation period were randomly distributed into each of 15 tanks (30 fish/tank). Fish were hand-fed to apparent satiety twice a day for 9 weeks. Fish fed the MHP had weight gain (WG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), and specific growth rate (SGR) comparable to those fed the MCP. Those values of both the MHP and MCP groups were significantly different (p < 0.05) from the other groups. Fish groups fed control and the TCP showed the lowest WG, PER, and SGR and the highest FCR among treatments. No fish were died among treatments during the experimental period. Fish fed control and the TCP showed hematocrit and hemoglobin significantly lower (p < 0.05) than fish fed the MHP. The lowest inorganic P (Pi) in plasma was found in the control group. Even though Pi was not significantly different (p > 0.05) from other phosphate groups, fish fed the MCP and MHP retained higher P in whole body than the other groups. P availability was determined to be 93.2, 62.4, 6.1, and 98.0% for MCP, DCP, TCP, and MHP, respectively. The present results suggested that the MHP recovered from wastewater stream could be used as an alternative P source in carp diet.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제19권10호
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• pp.40.1-40.14
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• 2016

Background: Due to the paucity of oceanic resources utilized in the preparation of diets for cultured fish, commercial feed producers have been trying to replace fishmeal (FM) using alternative protein sources such as vegetable protein meals (VMs). One of the main drawbacks of using VMs in fish feed is related to the presence of a variety of anti-nutritional factors, which could trigger an inflammation process in the distal intestine. This reduces the capacity of the enterocytes to absorb nutrients leading to reduced fish growth performances. Methods: We evaluated the mitigating effects of butyrate and taurine used as feed additives on the morphological abnormalities caused by a soybean meal (SBM)-based diet in the distal intestine of sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). We used three experimental diets, containing the same low percentage of FM and high percentage of SBM; two diets were supplemented with either 0.2% sodium butyrate or taurine. Histological changes in the intestine of fish were determined by light and transmission electron microscopy. Infiltration of $CD45^+$ leucocytes in the lamina propria and in the submucosa was assessed by immunohistochemistry. We also quantified by One-Step Taqman$^{(R)}$ real-time RT-PCR the messenger RNA (mRNA) abundance of a panel of genes involved in the intestinal mucosa inflammatory response such as $TNF{\alpha}$ (tumor necrosis factor alpha) and interleukins: IL-8, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-10, and IL-6. Results: Fish that received for 2 months the diet with 30% soy protein (16.7% SBM and 12.8% full-fat soy) developed an inflammation in the distal intestine, as confirmed by histological and immunohistochemistry data. The expression of target genes in the intestine was deeply influenced by the type of fish diet. Fish fed with taurine-supplemented diet displayed the lowest number of mRNA copies of IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-8, and IL-10 genes in comparison to fish fed with control or butyrate-supplemented diets. Dietary butyrate caused an upregulation of the $TNF{\alpha}$ gene transcription. Among the quantified interleukins, IL-6 was the only one to be not influenced by the diet. Conclusions: Histological and gene expression data suggest that butyrate and taurine could have a role in normalizing the intestinal abnormalities caused by the SBM, but the underling mechanisms of action seem different.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권10호
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• pp.1388-1395
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• 2017

Objective: Using medicinal plant by-products (MPBP) as feed additives may be an eco-friendly option as substitutes for feedstuffs and may assist in reducing the improper disposal of MPBP. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the influences of MPBP on the meat quality of Hanwoo steers fed a total mixed ration (TMR). Methods: Twenty seven steers (body weight = $573{\pm}57kg$) were randomly divided into three treatments with a control group and two tested groups as follows: control, 1,000 g/kg TMR; treatment 1 (MPBP30), 970 g/kg TMR and 30 g/kg MPBP; treatment 2 (MPBP50), 950 g/kg TMR and 50 g/kg MPBP. Results: Average daily gain, feed conversion ratio and the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage $L^*$ of muscle were improved (p<0.05, respectively) by MPBP30. Stearic acid ($C_{18:0}$) was decreased (linear effect, p = 0.012), while oleic acid ($C_{18:1}$) was increased (linear effect, p = 0.055) by MPBP level. Saturated fatty acid (SFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) were decreased for MPBP50 while unsaturated fatty acid (USFA) and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) were increased for MPBP 50. USFA and SFA ratio was increased for MPBP50 as well. Conclusion: These results indicated that MPBP supplementation in Hanwoo steers fed a TMR increased feed efficiency and meat color (lightness) with altering fatty acid proportions. Therefore, MPBP may be successfully used in ruminant feeding.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.107-114
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• 2011

본 연구는 계절과 성 분리가 생산성, 스트레스, 도체품질 및 육질에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위하여 여름과 겨울로 계절을 나누고 각 계절별 암컷구, 거세 수컷구 및 혼합구를 설정하고 평균체중 $82.1{\pm}0.82kg$인 삼원교잡$(LY{\times}D)$ 비육돈 270두를 공시하여 비육돈 생산성과 출하 과정의 스트레스 및 도체품질과 육질을 분석하였다. 사료섭취량은 겨울에 많았고 증체 또한 겨울에 우수하였다 (p<0.05). 성 분리는 사료요구율에 영향을 미치며, 겨울과 혼합구가 양호한 것으로 나타났다 (p<0.05). 상차 후 혈중 cortisol과 CPK치가 급격하게 상승하는 것으로 나타나 상차시 극도의 스트레스가 주어지는 것으로 나타났다. 상차시 급격한 상승을 보였던 혈중 cortisol과 CPK 농도는 수송과정에 낮아지며, 3시간 계류 후에는 출하 전 수준으로 안정되었다. 상차 후 계절 관계없이 혼합구가 가장 높은 cortisol 농도를 보여 돈 방내에서의 수준을 유지하는 경향을 나타내었고 거세 수컷 혹은 암컷만으로 구성된 돈 군간에는 차이가 없었다. 도체품질은 겨울에 우수하였고 PSE 발생율 또한 겨울이 낮아지는 경향을 보였다. 여름철 거세 수컷구가 가장 높은 PSE 발생율을 나타내었으나 겨울철 혼합구는 가장 낮게 나타났다 (p<0.05). 계절과 성 분리가 돼지고기의 pH, drip loss 및 육색 등 육질에는 영향을 미치지 않았다. 이상의 결과를 요약하면 여름철에 비육돈 관리 특히 출하취급에 보다 세심한 배려가 필요하며, 성 분리는 관리자, 시설 등 농장여건에 따라 적용 여부를 결정하는 것이 타당할 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.797-804
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• 2003

본 연구는 개발된 육계분(64%)-제과부산물(36%) 혼합사료 90%와 볏짚 10%로의 기존의 배합사료와 볏짚 완전 대체 시 육성 거세 한우의 생산성, 경제성 및 육 특성에 미치는 효과를 구명하고자 실시하였다. 동일 열량 기준으로 설계된 대조구와 시험구 사료를 육성 한우 총 20두에게 12주간 급여한 결과는 다음과 같았다. 제조된 혼합사료의 성분 변이도는 배합사료보다 높은 편이었으며, 혼합사료의 기호성 문제는 없었다. 혼합사료 90%-볏짚 10% 급여구(시험구)는 기존의 배합사료-볏짚 급여구(대조구)와 비교해서 사료 DM 섭취량은 높았고(P〈0.05), OM 섭취량은 동일하였으며, 일당증체율(0.75 vs 0.64 kg/d)과 DM(10.1 vs 12.5), OM(9.0 vs 10.6) 사료 효율 또한 비슷하였다. 혼합사료 급여는 증체 당 사료비용을 약 45% 절감시켰으며, 육 특성에는 전혀 나쁜 영향을 미치지 않았다. 이러한 결과들은 육계분-제과부산물 혼합사료는 한우 육성용으로서 성공적으로 이용될 수 있는 잠재적 가능성을 시사하고 있다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.141-148
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• 2011

This feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary inclusion of various additives on growth performance, hematological parameters, fatty acid composition, gene expression and histopathological changes in juvenile olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Eleven isonitrogenous (49% crude protein) and isolipidic (10% crude lipid) experimental diets were formulated: no additives (Con); 5% kelp meal (Ke); 10% krill meal (Kr); 1% garlic powder (Ga); 1% citrus meal (Ci); 3% onion powder (On); 1% ginger powder (Gi); 1% mugwort powder (Mu); 1% licorice powder (Li); 1% wasabi powder (Wa); and a mixture (Mix) of these additives. Three replicate groups of juvenile flounder (average weight of 8.5 g) were fed one of the experimental diets to visual satiety twice a day for 15 weeks. The dietary inclusion of additives did not affect survival, weight gain, specific growth rate feed efficiency, daily feed intake, daily protein intake, protein efficiency ratio, hepatosomatic index and visceralsomatic index of the fish. Plasma triglyceride levels were significantly lower in fish fed the Ke, Ga, On, Gi, Mu, Li, and Mix diets than in fish fed the control diet. Plasma glucose, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and total cholesterol did not differ among dietary treatments. No significant difference was observed in fatty acid composition and lipid content of the dorsal muscle in fish fed the experimental diets. Myosin gene expression did not differ significantly among treatments after 5 weeks but was significantly lower in fish fed the Kr, Ci, Li, and Mix diets than in control group after 15 weeks. Histopathological analysis showed mild gill hyperplasia and mild necrosis of liver parenchymal cells in several individuals of each experimental group. These conditions were also observed in the control group and were not thought to be related to the inclusion of feed additives. The present findings indicate that the dietary inclusion of additives did not affect growth performance, fatty acid composition, gene expression, and histopathological changes in juvenile flounder. However, plasma triglyceride content may be reduced by supplementation with 5% kelp meal, 3% onion powder, 1% garlic powder, 1% ginger powder, 1% mugwort powder, and the additive mixture.