• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.397-408
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• 2003

This study was conducted to examine the feeding effects of FFWBG (fermented feedstuff with wet brewer’s grain) and GS(grinding soybean) in Hanwoo steers. For this research, total twenty steers(average body weight : 455.7$\pm$25.9kg) were grouped into control(formula feed), T1(formula feed:FFWBG=60:40), T2(formula feed:GS=80:20), T3(formula feed:FFWBG:GS=50:40:10), and T4(formula feed: FFWBG:GS=40:40:20), each treatment was allocated to four steers. There was a tendency to be increased average daily gain in T1, T2, T3 and T4 compared with the control even though no statistical significance was found. The feed conversion of T1, T2, T3 and T4 were beneficially better than that of control(P<0.05; 8.25, 9.44, 6.69 and 7.71 vs 11.90, respectively). The blood urea nitrogen concentration of T4 was higher than that of control(P<0.05), but the creatinine concentration of T4 was lower than that of control(P<0.05). The glucose concentration of T1, T2, T3 and T4 were higher than that of control(P<0.05; 59.39, 62.44, 62.17 and 54.00 vs 51.00mg/$d\ell$, respectively). The back-fat thickness of T3 was thicker than that of control, T1, T2 and T4. The rib-eye area of T1, T3 and T4 was wider than that of control. Appearances percentage of ‘A’ ranked meat quantity were 66, 33, 75 and 33% in control, T1, T2 and T4, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.119-131
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• 2017

Among different types of spoilage, microbial contamination can cause feed decomposition, which results in decreases in feed intake and productivity, infection, and breeding disorder. During the storage time, various microbes have a chance to inoculate with depreciation of feed and to infect the animals. We investigated bacteria that inhabit diverse feed ingredients and complete feed which have been stored for a few months. We isolated and identified 30 genera and 62 species of bacteria. Among these 62 species, 21 species were of non-pathogenic bacteria, 18 species were of pathogenic bacteria, 9 species were of opportunistic pathogens, and 14 species were of unknown bacteria. Pantoea allii and 24 species showed proteolytic enzyme activity. We also confirmed that 6 species including Pseudomonas psychrotolerans showed ${\alpha}$-amylase activity, and 29 species including Burkholderia vietnamiensis showed cellulase activity. Microbacterium testaceum and 3 species showed resistance to Ampicillin, Kanamycin, Streptomycin, Gentamicin, Carbenicillin, and Erythromycin ($50{\mu}g/mL$). Using mealworm larvae (Tenebrio molitor L.) as a model for pathogenicity, we confirmed that 8 species including Staphylococcus xylosus had pathogenicity for mealworm larvae. Especially, Enterobacter hormaechei, Staphylococcus xylosus, and Staphylococcus hominis were reported as being pathogenic for humans. This research suggests that hygienic management of animal feed is essential because beneficial and harmful bacteria can inhabit animal feed differently during storage and distribution.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.655-663
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• 2018

The insect gut microbiome is known to have important roles in host growth, development, digestion, and resistance against pathogens. In addition, the genetic diversity of the insect gut microbiota has recently been recognized as potential genetic resources for industrial bioprocessing. However, there is limited information regarding the insect gut microbiota to better help us understand their potential benefits for enhanced pig production. With the development of next-generation sequencing methods, whole genome sequence analysis has become possible beyond traditional culture-independent methods. This improvement makes it possible to identify and characterize bacteria that are not cultured and located in various environments including the gastrointestinal tract. Insect intestinal microorganisms are known to have an important role in host growth, digestion, and immunity. These gut microbiota have recently been recognized as potential genetic resources for livestock farming which is using the functions of living organisms to integrate them into animal science. The purpose of this literature review is to emphasize the necessity of research on insect gut microbiota and their applicability to pig production or bioindustry. In conclusion, bacterial metabolism of feed in the gut is often significant for the nutrition intake of animals, and the insect gut microbiome has potential to be used as feed additives for enhanced pig performance. The exploration of the structure and function of the insect gut microbiota needs further investigation for their potential use in the swine industry particularly for the improvement of growth performance and overall health status of pigs.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.345-349
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• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of pasture grazing and barn feeding system on the growth performance, weight gain and velvet antler productivity in Elk. Twelve 5-year-old elk stags about 273 kg were stratified by weight and randomly assigned by feeding system (a pasture grazing and a barn feeding, n=6). The average feed intake were not signigicant difference between two groups. Average daily gain for grazing and barn feeding group was 0.25 g and 0.29 g respectively, showing no significant difference. Velvet antler yield for grazing and barn feeding group was 7,700 g and 6, 960 g respectively, with no significant difference. In conclusion grazing group was better than barn feeding group in feed intake, body weight gain and velvet antler productivity. However, there were no statistical significant difference between the two group. These results may serve as the basis for further study of deer feeding system in Korea and further study needed to examine the grazing intensity and economic efficiency.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.826-832
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• 2010

A total of ninety swine ($79.0{\pm}2.2\;kg$) were employed for 58 d to determine the meat quality of pigs fed fermented agricultural by-products (FAB) mainly consisting of brewers grain shell. FAB was replaced with commercial feed at dietary levels of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% (T1) and 30%, 60%, 100%, 100%, and 100% (T2) at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5-9 wk, respectively. Compared with the control (CON) feed, FAD feed had lower moisture and nitrogen-free extract content, and higher crude fat, crude fiber, and total calorie (p<0.05). The protein content, amino acid profile, and pH values of pork loin were not affected by dietary treatment. However, higher moisture, crude ash, and meat cholesterol, and lower fat, were found in CON compared with treatment (p<0.05). FAB treatment significantly improved drip loss and cooking loss value (p<0.05), and increased the CIE $L^*$ values of loin and back-fat surface, whereas it decreased the CIE $a^*$ values of loin surface (pp<0.05). The results indicate that dietary FAB affected meat cholesterol and fat content, and improved drip loss and cooking loss, but had no affect on amino acid composition.

• Mineral and Industry
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• v.26
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• pp.13-21
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• 2013

This study is carried out experiments on various factors for improving the grade of low grade scheelite by Knelson concentrator prior to the main beneficiation process. Even though there are several gravity separators such as Jig, Spirals and etc. for rougher concentrate, the KC3 Knelson Concentrator was adopted to get better separation efficiency and beneficiating effects for pre-concentration of the low grade scheelite ore. The feed samples was prepared to minus 1mm in size by crushing and grinding. The important factors in the KC3 Knelson Concentrator test were examined in terms of the variations such as number of treatment, feed rate, rotation speed of bowl(G force), water flow rate, pre-removal of magnetic minerals, feed size and feed grade. According to the result of experiment, it shows that the important technical variations are limited in terms of number of treatment, feed rate, feed size and feed grade. The final result shows that the KC3 Knelson Concentrator obtains the scheelite pre-concentrate of about $3%WO_3$ grade and 90% recovery, respectively, from the feed containing about $0.8-1.0%WO_3$ grade.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers Conference
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• 2001.04a
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• pp.413-417
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• 2001

High speed linear motor feed system has been simulated using neural network technique. Due to the limited resources, control gain tuning has been the most troublesome part in controller design. Regardless of the system structure, conventional control gain could be adjusted minimizing the resulting error using the proposed method. Slight performance deterioration was observed at the small value of training epoch.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.24 no.10
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• pp.1517-1520
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• 2003

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resources Conference
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• 1997.06a
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• pp.19-39
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• 1997

Extrusion conditions were optimized for blends of ground lamb and starch using a single-screw extruder for the purpose of producing expanded snack-type products. A central composite rotatable response surface methodology(RSM) design was used with variation in feed moisture, process temperature, and screw speed. The three variables significantly affected one or more of the measured physical properties of extrudates. The optimum conditions for minimum shear force values were 26.5% feed moisture, $148^{\circ}C$ process temperature, and 134 rpm screw speed. Lean ground beef, chicken, goat, lamb or mutton was blended with corn starch, and extruded at the optimum condition established from RSM experiments. Physical/rheological properties were generally similar, water activity was low (<0.12) and total aerobic plate counts were <10 for all products. Extrudates containing chicken had the highest ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids, whereas those containing beef had the highest ratio of monounsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids. Sensory data indicated that texture was acceptable and flavor characteristics were not different among the products.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.387-392
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• 1995

Though a variety of non-conventional feedstuffs have been successfully evaluated in research stations in Asian countries, there had been little adoption of these technologies at the small farm level. The methodology and results of three separate on-farm trials evaluation the possible use of some non-conventional feedstuffs in broiler diets under small farm conditions in Sri Lanka are reported in this paper. In all trials, the commercial mash, that in normally used in the farms, served as the control. In trials 1 and 2, 5 and 10% cassava leaf meal, respectively, was substituted (w/w) for the commercial mash and fed to broilers for six weeks. In trial 3, several non-conventional feedstuffs (cassava leaf meal, rubber seed meal, ipil ipil leaf meal and died poultry manure) were substituted (w/w) for the commercial mash at levels of 15-20%. The results demonstrated that these non-conventional feed resources can be used in broiler diets under small farm conditions, with no adverse effects on performance. The salient features of on-farm animal research are highlighted.