• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.65-72
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• 1992

Steam defiberated pulp and steam exploded wood(birch chip) were extracted with solvents (hot-water, 1% NaOH, MeOH, hot water, 1% NaOH). The properties of residual fiber were examined for the utilization as ruminants feed. The digestibility is 38% in steam defiberated pulp(10kg /$cm^2$-15min) and 62-77% in exploded wood(17-18kg/$cm^2$-2~10min), respectively. The more steam pressure and time increase, the more the digestibility increase. The sugars obtained from extractives is amount from 7% to 13% in asplund pulp and from 7% to 10% in exploded pulp. The sugars was mainly composed of 70-80% xylose. The digestibility of residual fiber which is extracted with solvents is low than these of original fibers. Considering the yield and digestibility as ruminant feed, exploded pulp under 17kg /$cm^2$ for 10min has the best efficiency. The exploded wood gives 75.3% on yield(O. D. chip) and 48% on the digestibility.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.125-136
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• 2017

Reverse osmosis technology is being used on large scale for treatment of ground water, brackish water, wastewater and sea water. The most challenging issue in RO process is carbonate scaling which is directly linked with the efficiency and economy. Considering the natural phenomena of carbonate scaling different adaptations have been made to control scaling on the surface of RO membrane including acid dosage and antiscalant addition. As carbonate scaling is directly related with pH level of feed water, present study describes an experimental approach to reduce scaling on RO membrane by lowering the feed water pH by purging $CO_2$. In this comparative study four different conditions including control process (without any scale inhibitor), with dosage of antiscalant, with purging of $CO_2$ and with co addition of antiscalant and $CO_2$ in a feed stream line; it was established that $CO_2$ is a better appliance to reduce carbonate scaling on the membrane surface by reduce pH of feed stream. It was also observed that $CO_2$ and antiscalant mutually function better for scale control.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.849-859
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• 2022

Feed-water valves (FWVs) are used to regulate the flow rate of water entering steam generators, which are very important devices in nuclear power plants. Due to the working environment of relatively high pressure and temperature, there is strength failure problem of valve body in some cases. Based on the thermo-fluid-solid coupling model, the valve body stress of the feed-water valve in the opening process is investigated. The flow field characteristics inside the valve and temperature change of the valve body with time are studied. The stress analysis of the valve body is carried out considering mechanical stress and thermal stress comprehensively. The results show that the area with relatively high-velocity area moves gradually from the bottom of the cross section to the top of the cross section with the increase of the opening degree. The whole valve body reaches the same temperature of 250 ℃ at the time of 1894 s. The maximum stress of the valve body meets the design requirements by stress assessment. This work can be referred for the design of FWVs and other similar valves.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제20권12호
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• pp.36-43
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• 2021

In this study, the optimal feed system and process conditions that can simultaneously minimize each warpage occurring in the two shape features of the 2P Header HSG, a connector part for automobiles, were determined through injection molding simulation analysis. First, we defined each warping deformation of the two features geometrically and quantified them approximately using the injection molding simulation data. For design optimization, a full factorial experiment was conducted considering the feed system, resin temperature, and packing pressure as design variables, and a follow-up experiment was conducted based on the analysis of the average warpage. In this study, an optimal design was generated considering both the warpage result and resin-saving effect. In the optimal design, the warpages of the two shape features were predicted to be 0.18 and 0.29 mm, and these warpages were found to meet the allowable limit of warpage, which is 0.3 mm, for part assembly.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제19권9호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2020

In this study, the optimal design of the multi-cavity mold layout and packing pressure for the automobile TCU connector cover is determined based on the injection molding analysis and the desirability function method for multi-characteristic optimization. The design characteristics to be optimized are the warpage and sink marks of the product, the scrap of the feed system, and the clamping force. The optimal design is determined by performing injection molding analysis and desirability analysis for design alternatives defined by a complete combination of five mold layouts and six-level packing pressure. The optimal design shows that the desirability values for individual characteristics are quite high and balanced, and the resulting values of individual characteristics are satisfactorily low.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.92-99
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• 1996

The effects of membrane fouling on the water permeability were examined using the hollow fiber microfiltration (HMF)membrane. A membrane module with a pore size of 0.1 micron was submerged in the permeation tank and water bath. The applied pressure was 12.4 kPa for direct solid-liquid separation of activated sludge. As the concentration of MLSS(880~2180mg/l) of the feed solution increased, the decreasing rates of the water flux increased and the membrane was clogged more rapidly. The water flux through the membrane did not increase effectively even with the increase in the applied pressure(40.0~93.3kPa). When the membrane was cleaned with water, the recovery rate of water flux were larger for lower applied pressure. The results indicated that the process of direct solid-liquid separation using HMF membrane was effective at lower pressure.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 1997년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.462-466
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• 1997

Proportional directional control valves (PDCVl adjust the amount of flow as well as flow direction in response to an electrical signal. This valves includes direct operated valves with or without spool position feedback. This paper investigates if it is possible to control pressure of fluids by means of the PDCV. A pressure signal is feed back to the Proportional-Integral (PI) controller, which is based upon a personal computer (PC). The PI control algorithm is implemented in a graphical programming language of LabVIEW. The results of experiments show the PDCV can be used a multi function valve of pressure control as well as direction control.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.304-313
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• 1999

High-speed rotors set a lot of high vibration and stability problems especially when the speed of rotation is going through the first or the second critical speed. The aim of this paper is to investigate the possibility of an active control of a rigid rotor with squeeze film damper which has a good configuration of easily controlled end seal clearances and/or adjustment of a feed pressure. A theoretical method is presented and some numerical results are compared with test measurements. Both results show that the vibration or bit sizes are decreased when the end seal gap decreases with constant supply pressure, and when the supply oil pressure increases with constant seal gap. The experimental results show also a pleasing similarity on both orbit sizes and their decrement ratio compared with theoretical analysis. The possibility of an active control with the squeeze film damper was verified by adjusting the seal gap and the supply pressure.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2012년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.470-475
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• 2012

The downstream piping system of the water supply system in a supercritical power plant is affected by the fluctuation pressure waves induced by accessing to the acoustic modes of the piping systems with the rotation and impeller passing pulsations of the feed water pump. There are the phenomena amplified at the same time in the range of 415 ~ 455Hz, 830 ~ 910Hz, 1245 ~ 1365Hz and 1660 ~ 1820Hz on the spectrums of the vibration, the sound pressure, and the pressure fluctuation waves.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.237-249
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• 2015

In this study we investigate a laboratory scale vacuum membrane distillation system to produce pure water from model oil in water emulsion. Experimental determination of liquid entry pressure (LEP) of a commercial Durapore$^{TM}$ GVPH flat sheet membrane using model emulsions in various oil concentrations has been carried out. Two different methods of liquid entry pressure determination - a frequently used, so-called static and a novel dynamic method - have been investigated. In case of static method, LEP value was found to be 2.3 bar. No significant effect of oil content on LEP was detected up to 3200 ppm. In contrast, LEP values determined with dynamic method showed strong dependence on the oil concentration of the feed and decreased from 2.0 bar to a spontaneous wetting at 0.2 bar in the range 0-250 ppm, respectively. Vacuum membrane distillation tests were also performed. The separation performance is evaluated in terms of flux behavior, total organic carbon removal and droplet size distribution of the feed and final retentate. No significant effect of oil content on the flux was found ($5.05{\pm}0.31kgm^{-2}h^{-1}$) up to 250 ppm, where a spontaneous wetting occurred. High separation performance was achieved along with the increasing oil concentration between 93.4-97.0%.