• Title/Summary/Keyword: Fecal bacteria

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The Efficacy of Water Purification and Distribution of Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria in Shihwa Constructed Wetland (시화호 인공습지의 수질정화 및 암모니아 산화균의 분포 연구)

  • Kim, Seiyoon;Kim, Misoon;Lee, Sunghee;Lim, Miyoung;Lee, Youngmin;Kim, Zhiyeol;Ko, GwangPyo
    • Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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    • v.26 no.1
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    • pp.10-18
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    • 2010
  • Water quality and the distribution of ammonia oxidizing bacteria were characterized in constructed wetland of Shihwa lake. Both physico-chemical parameters and fecal indicator microorganisms including total coliforms, E.coli, Enterococcus spp. were measured. In addition, denaturant gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) was carried out after PCR amplification of amoA gene from input, output, and wetland sites of the Banwol, Donghwa, and Samhwa stream in Shihwa lake area. Physico-chemical parameters were in proper range for typical nitrifying bacteria to grow and perform their biological activities. Average concentrations of fecal indicator microorganisms of wetland samples were lower than those of input sites. These results suggested that microbial water quality improved by the process of constructed wetland. According to phylogenetic information obtained from DGGE from study sites, distribution of nitrifying bacteria from each of input, output, and wetland were generally distinctive one another. In addition, distribution of nitrifying bacteria between Banwol and Donghwa streams showed higher similarity (52.6%) than this of Samhwa stream (15.2%). These results indicated that characteristics of ammonia oxidizing bacteria in Samhwa were unique in comparison with those of Banwol and Donghwa stream.

Isolation of Bacillus sp. as a Volatile Sulfur-degrading Bacterium and Its Application to Reduce the Fecal Odor of Pig

  • Ushida, Kazunari;Hashizume, Kenta;Miyazaki, Kohji;Kojima, Yoichi;Takakuwa, Susumu
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.16 no.12
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    • pp.1795-1798
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    • 2003
  • Fecal malodor is an acute environmental issue to be solved for the intensive animal agriculture in Japan. Among these substances volatile sulfur such as hydrogen sulfide (HS), methanethiol, and dimethyl sulfide, and dimethyl disulfide are the ones most strictly controlled in the Japanese national regulations. In this experiment, we have screened a range of standard strains of chemoheterotrophic bacteria and of the presently isolated soil bacteria for their capacity to decompose HS. We have demonstrated that Comamonas testosteroni $JCM5832^T$ and our isolate Bacillus sp. had a potential to reduce malodor when applied to the pig feces.

Distribution of Indicator Organisms and Influence of Storage Temperature and Period in Commercial Animal Foods (시판 동물성 식품의 오염지표세균 분포 및 저장온도, 기간별 오염지표세균의 변화)

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    • Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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    • v.13 no.4
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    • pp.430-440
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    • 1998
  • The average number of total viable counts for the commercial pork tested was 19/g, coliform 1.8/g, psychrophilic bacteria 15/g, heterotrophic bacteria 12/g, fecal streptococcus 6.2/100 g, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 13/100 g and none of heat-resistant bacteria and Staphylococcus was detected. That for the commercial beef tested was 130/g, coliform 5.2/g, psychrophile 140/g, heterotroph 28/g, Staphylococcus 1.2/g, fecal streptococcus 9.5/100 g, Pseud. aeruginosa 1.9/100 g and heat-resistant bacteria was not detected. That for the commercial chicken tested was 8800/g, coliform 53/g, psychrophile 4600/g, heterotroph 4700/g, fecal streptococcus 9.9/100 g, Pseudo aeruginosa 2.5/100 g. That for milk was 4700/ml, psychrophile 120/ml, heterotroph 420/ml and the others were not detected. That for the commercial cheese was 3.2/g, psychrophile 2.3/g, heterotroph 1.6/g, Staphylococcus l/g, fecal streptococcus 9.1/g. That for fermented milk was $10^{7}/ml$, heatresistant bacteria $10^{6}/ml$, fecal streptococcus 2400/100 ml, lactobacillus $3.2{\times}10^{15}/ml$, in accordance with lactic acid bacteria and the others were not detected. There was not detected any indicator organisms from ham, sausage, butter, eggs and quails in the commercial fooods tested. SPC, coliform, psychrophile and heterotroph in commercial meats stored at $10^{\circ}C$ were increased rapidly as time goes on but heat-resistant bacteria, staphylococcus, fecal streptococcus and Pseudo aeruginosa were constant. At $20^{\circ}C$, SPC, coliform, psychrophile, heterotroph and fecal streptococcus were the highest at 7 days and heat-resistant bacteria, staphylococcus and Pseudo aeruginosa were increased a little. At $30^{\circ}C$, all indicators were increased rapidly for 3 and 7 days and then decreased rapidly. All indicator organisms were increased at the level of 10/g for 14 days in meat products stored at $10^{\circ}C$, but SPC, psychrophile and heterotroph in meat products stored at $20^{\circ}C$ were increased at the level of $lO^5/g$. It showed that the indicators in meat products stored at $30^{\circ}C$ had a tendency to increase at the level of $10^{2}/g$ relative to those stored at $20^{\circ}C$. SPC, psychrophile and heterotroph in milk stored at $10^{\circ}C$ increased up to the level of $10^4/ml$, but coliform, staphylococcus, fecal streptococcus and Pseudo aeruginosa were not detected. As stored at $20^{\circ}C$ and $30^{\circ}C$, they were increased rapidly for 1 or 3 days and then constant for a long time.

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Distribution of Indicator Bacteria in Seawater off the Coast of Jeju Island (제주도 연안 해역의 오염지표세균의 분포)

  • Roh, Heyong Jin;Lim, Yun-Jin;Kim, Ahran;Kim, Nam Eun;Kim, Youngjae;Park, Noh Back;Hwang, Jee-Youn;Kwon, Mun-Gyeong;Kim, Do-Hyung
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.51 no.4
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    • pp.450-455
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    • 2018
  • We examined correlations of the density of fish farms with the distributions of indicator bacteria (Escherichia coli, fecal streptococci) and a bacterial fish pathogen (Streptococcus parauberis) off the coastline of Jeju Island. Seawater samples were collected at four coastal sites on the Island [Aewol (control), Gujwa, Pyoseon and Daejeong] in June, August and October 2016. The indicator bacteria were generally more frequently isolated from samples taken in August when water temperatures and human activities on nearby beaches were highest. Although fish farms were least common at Daejeong, the numbers of isolated fecal indicator bacteria were highest in the seawater and effluent water collected from this site. Hence, fish farms were not likely major contributors of indicator bacteria at Daejeong. We found discrepancies between the isolated bacterial counts and the predicted bacterial copy numbers deduced from our qPCR results, indicating that this pathogen may exist in a viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state in seawater. Thus, livestock wastewater and chemical fertilizer loading off Jeju Island may negatively impact seawater quality more than the effluent released from fish farms does.

Effect of feeding the combination with Lactobacillus plantarum and Bacillus subtilis on fecal microflora and diarrhea incidence of Korean native calves

  • Lee, Yeo-Eun;Kang, In-Jin;Yu, Eun-Ah;Kim, Suk;Lee, Hu-Jang
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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    • v.35 no.4
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    • pp.343-346
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    • 2012
  • This study was investigated the effects of feeding the combination with Lactobacillus plantarum and Bacillus subtilis on the diarrhea incidence and fecal microflora of weaned calves. A total of 12 newly weaned calves were allocated to two dietary treatments in a randomized design based on body weight. The dietary treatments included a commercial basal diet supplemented with: 1) no microbial inoculants (Control); 2) a mixture of Lactobacillus plantarum and Bacillus subtilis (LB). Calves were fed diets for a 4-week period. At the end of the experiment, the counts of fecal lactic acid bacteria and Enterobacteriaceae in LB were significantly improved compared to control (P<0.05). Over the 4-week period, fecal scores and duration of diarrhea in LB were significantly decreased compared with those in control (P<0.05). The present results suggest that LB is a potential feed additive which could be used for the balance of intestinal microflora and the prevention of diarrhea in Korean native calves.

Diversity Census of Fecal Microbiome in Horses (말 분변 내 마이크로바이옴 다양성 조사)

  • Lee, Seul;Kim, Minseok
    • Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology
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    • v.34 no.3
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    • pp.157-165
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    • 2019
  • This study was conducted to analyze the diversity census of fecal microbiome in horses using meta-analysis of equine 16S rRNA gene sequences that are available in the Ribosomal Database Project (RDP; Release 11, Update 5). The search terms used were "horse feces (or faeces)" and "equine feces (or faeces)". A total of 842 sequences of equine feces origin were retrieved from the RDP database, where 744 sequences were assigned to 10 phyla placed within Domain Bacteria. Firmicutes (n = 391) and Bacteroidetes (n = 203) were the first and the second dominant phyla, respectively, followed by Verrucomicrobia (n = 58), Proteobacteria (n = 30) and Fibrobacteres (n = 24). Clostridia (n = 319) was the first dominant class placed within Bacteroidetes while Bacteroidia (n = 174) was the second dominant class placed within Bacteroidetes. The remaining 98 sequences were assigned to phylum Euryarchaeota placed within Domain Archaea, where 74 sequences were assigned to class Methanomicrobia. The current results will improve understanding of the diversity of fecal microbiome in horses and may be used to further analyze equine fecal microbiome in future studies.

A Membrane-Array Method to Detect Specific Human Intestinal Bacteria in Fecal Samples Using Reverse Transcriptase-PCR and Chemiluminescence

  • KIM PYOUNG IL;ERICKSON BRUCE D;CERNIGLIA CARL E.
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • v.15 no.2
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    • pp.310-320
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    • 2005
  • A membrane-based oligonucleotide array was used to detect predominant bacterial species in human fecal samples. Digoxygenin-labeled 16S rDNA probes were generated by PCR from DNA that had been extracted from fecal samples or slurries. These probes were hybridized to an array of 120 oligonucleotides with sequences specific for 40 different bacterial species commonly found in human feces, followed by color development using an alkaline phosphatase-conjugated antibody and NBT /BCIP. Twenty of the species were detected by this method, but E. coli, which was present at $\~$1 $\times 10$^5$ CFU per gram feces, was not detected. To improve the sensitivity of this assay, reverse transcriptase-PCR was used to generate probes from RNA extracted from fecal cultures. Coupled with a chemiluminescence detection method, this approach lowered the detection limit for E. coli from $\~1$ $\times 10$^6$ to ${\leq}$ 1 $\times 10$^5$ These results indicate that the membrane-array method with reverse transcriptase-PCR and chemiluminescence detection can simultaneously identify bacterial species present in fecal samples at cell concentrations as low as${\leq}$ 1 $\times 10$^5$ CFU per gram.

Estimation on the Water Quality of the Ian Stream, a Tributary of the Nakdong River (낙동강 지류 이안천의 수질 평가)

  • Choi Kwangsoon;Lee Hyekeun;Kim Hojoon;Kim Saewon
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2005.05b
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    • pp.1239-1243
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    • 2005
  • The water quality of the Ian Stream, a tributary of the Na14dong River, was estimated to provide an information in establishment of an ecological restoration plan for fan dam which will be constructed in near future. Seven stations were selected in upstream (3 stations) and downstream (4 stations) of Ian Stream, centering the construction site of Ian dam. Samples were collected at the surface water of 7 stations selected on May 1, June 16, and September 1 in 2004. The values of DO, pH, and BOD are satisfied Grade I for river water standard in nearly all sites. The concentrations of total nitrogen (TN) and total Phosphorus (TP) showed low level with ranges of $1.10\~2.25\;mgN/L,\;5\~14\;{\mu}gP/L$. However, the total and fecal conform bacteria were detected in nearly stations, especially high at the upstream stations. The number of fecal conform bacteria corresponds to the Grade III for river water standard. In addition, some metals (iron, manganese) were detected during dry season. As a consequence, general water quality of Ian Stream satisfied Grade I for river standard and it is expected that pollution loads from watershed is not significant. However, the detection of fecal conform, which is thought to be from livestock and residents, and some metals originating mimes watershed can have a potential health risk exists for aquatic organisms lived in Ian Stream. It needs to be solved by the construction of wastewater treatment plant to diminish the health risk from stream water polluted by fecal conform and metals, and to provide the safe ecological habitat for aquatic organisms.

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Characterization of the Fecal Microbial Communities of Duroc Pigs Using 16S rRNA Gene Pyrosequencing

  • Pajarillo, Edward Alain B.;Chae, Jong Pyo;Balolong, Marilen P.;Kim, Hyeun Bum;Seo, Kang-Seok;Kang, Dae-Kyung
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.28 no.4
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    • pp.584-591
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    • 2015
  • This study characterized the fecal bacterial community structure and inter-individual variation in 30-week-old Duroc pigs, which are known for their excellent meat quality. Pyrosequencing of the V1-V3 hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA genes generated 108,254 valid reads and 508 operational taxonomic units at a 95% identity cut-off (genus level). Bacterial diversity and species richness as measured by the Shannon diversity index were significantly greater than those reported previously using denaturation gradient gel electrophoresis; thus, this study provides substantial information related to both known bacteria and the untapped portion of unclassified bacteria in the population. The bacterial composition of Duroc pig fecal samples was investigated at the phylum, class, family, and genus levels. Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes predominated at the phylum level, while Clostridia and Bacteroidia were most abundant at the class level. This study also detected prominent inter-individual variation starting at the family level. Among the core microbiome, which was observed at the genus level, Prevotella was consistently dominant, as well as a bacterial phylotype related to Oscillibacter valericigenes, a valerate producer. This study found high bacterial diversity and compositional variation among individuals of the same breed line, as well as high abundance of unclassified bacterial phylotypes that may have important functions in the growth performance of Duroc pigs.

An Analysis on Removal Effect of Biological Contaminants in the Process of Municipal Sewage Treatment System - On the Seoul Cheonggye Cheon Sewage Treatment Plant (도시하수 처리에 의한 미생물 오염의 제거효과에 관한 조사연구(I) -청계천 하수처리장을 중심으로-)

  • Yu Byong Tae;Chung Yong
    • Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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    • v.3 no.1 s.4
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    • pp.27-39
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    • 1988
  • This investigation was carried out to evaluate the removal effect of biological contaminants for the municipal sewage treatment process at Cheonggye Cheon terminal plant which in the first plant for municipal sewage treatment in Seoul area. It was conducted in raw influent, primary treatment water and secondary treatment water from September, 1986 to July, 1987. The results were as follow; 1, The primary treatment could eliminate microbials for $65.38\%$ of total bacteria, $64.35\%$ of total coliform, $62.16\%$ of fecal coliform $69.48\%$ of pseudomonas and $64.70\%$ of fecal streptococci in averages for a year respectively. 2. The secondary treatment could eliminate microbials for $97.50\%$ of total bacteria, $97.30\%$of total coliform, $95.95\%$ of fecal coliform, $97.00\%$ of pseudomonas and $96.53\%$ of fecal streptococci in average for a year respectively. 3. In the detect rate of pathogenic agent, salmonella spp was decreased $12.5\%$ to $4.2\%$ in primary treatment and it was not detected in secondary treatment, shigella spp was detected $4.2\%$ in influent water but it was not detected in primary and secondary treatment. 4. In the seasonal variation of treatment effect, the removal of summer was the highest, and the removal of all item in winter was lower than the other seasons. 5. There was significant correlation between water temperature and microbal all items (P<0.05) $NH_3-N$ and Microbal items (P< 0.01) at raw water.

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