• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.469-473
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• 2003

비슷한 특성을 보이는 두 가지의 수용성 식이섬유, 차전자피와 glucomannan는 모두 혈청 지질과 변 배설, 체지방 감소에 효과가 있을 것으로 기대되고 있다. 본 연구는 흰쥐를 대상으로 20% 고포화지방 식이와 동시에 식이 무게의 1.58%에 해당하는 차전자피와 glucomannan의 혼합분말을 8주간 섭취하게 하고 체중과 혈청지방 및 변배설, 그리고 체지방의 변화를 조사하였다. 실험군은 대조군과 pair-fed control군, 식이섬유 섭취군으로 구성하였다. 본 연구 결과 차전자피와 glucomannan은 수용성 식이섬유 중 비교적 적은 복용량으로 체중을 감소시키고, 변의 건조 중량, 수분 함량, 지방함량 등을 유의적으로 증가시켜 부작용 없이 변 배설을 도와주었으며 장에서 지방의 흡수를 억제하고 혈청 콜레스테롤과 중성지방의 농도를 유의적으로 낮추어줌으로서 바람직한 체지방 저하 효과를 보였다. 위와 같은 결과들은 차전자피와 glucomannan의 혼합투여가 체지방 감소와 혈청지질 개선, 변비 해소 등에 효과적인 방법이며 특히 지방 섭취가 많은 현대인에게 지방 배설을 유도할 수 있는 방법임을 시사한다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.505-511
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• 2004

당근, 무 단세포물이 흰쥐의 배변특성, 무기질 흡수율 및 소장과 대장의 구조에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 5% 배합비에 해당하는 건조한 단세포물을 첨가하여 제조한 식이를 급여 후 무기질 흡수율, 변의 중량과 미세구조, 장 통과 시간, 소장과 대장의 무게 및 길이 등을 측정하였다. 당근, 무 생시료와 이들 단세포물의 식이섬유 함량과 조성을 분석한 결과 건물량 기준으로 생시료 건조물의 경우 당근은 총식이섬유 함량이 28.76%, 불용성 식이섬유 함량이 21.45%였으며, 무는 총식이섬유 함량이 23.14%, 불용성 식이섬유 함량이 16.77%였다. 단세포물의 경우 당근은 총식이섬유 함량이 44.68%, 불용성식이섬유 함량이 40.16%였으며, 무는 총식이섬유 함량이 48.0%, 불용성식이섬유 함량이 45.79%였다. 당근, 무와 같은 채소류의 단세포물은 불용성 식이섬유의 좋은 급원이었다. 32마리의 Sprague-Dawley계 흰쥐를 대조군, 섬유소군, 당근 단세포물군 및 무 단세포물군 등 4개의 처리군으로 구분하여 5% 단세포물이 함유된 식이를 4주간 급여하였다. 무기질 중 Mg의 흡수율은 대조군에 비해 당근과 무 단세포물군에서 유의적으로 높았다. 그리고 섬유소 급여는 변의 양을 유의적으로 증가시켰으며, 지질소화율은 유의적으로 감소시켰다. 대장의 길이는 다른 군에 비해 당근과 무 군이 유의적으로 긴 것으로 나타났다. 또한 주사전자현미경에 의한 소장 융모 관찰 결과 섬유소와 단세포물급여군의 융모에서 수는 적고 잎모양의 돌림주름이 조밀하게 발달되어 있었다. 이상의 결과로 당근과 무의 단세포물 5%급여는 식이섬유 흡수율을 증가시키고, 체중도 유의적으로 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 변의 식이섬유 증가와 장통과 시간을 단축하는 것으로 나타났으며, 기타 변비와 관련된 배변특성 등에 영향을 미치는 것으로 판단되었다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.40-47
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• 2005

This study was performed to determine the effect of three different concentrations of soy-isoflavones on calcium and phosphorus balance in either sham-operated or ovariectomized female rats. Seventy-two 16-week old Sprague-Dawley rats underwent sham operation or bilateral ovariectomy. They were provided diets containing different levels of soy iso-flavones for 6 weeks: 50 ppm (Jow isoflavone intake; LI) , 250 ppm (medium isoflavone intake; MI) and 500 ppm (high isoflavone intake; HI). The subsequent fecal and urinary excretions of calcium and phosphorus were then measured. In the sham-operated rats, body weight gains and food efficiency ratio of the MI and HI groups were significantly lower than the control group while food intake was not different. However, there was no significant difference in the ovariectomized rats. The fecal excretion of calcium was significantly lower in the LI, MI and HI groups than the control group in sham operated rats, and significantly lower in the HI group than the control group in ovariectomized rats. Also, apparent ab-sorption rate of calcium and phosphorus did not show any significant difference among groups. Urinary excretion of calcium and phosphorus was significantly lower in the HI group than the LI group in the sham-operated rats. Urinary excretion of calcium was significantly higher in the control ovariectomized rats than in the control sham-operated rats. Retention of calcium and phosphorus did not show any significant difference in both groups. From the above result, we see that isoflavone intake increases calcium retention through an increase in calcium absorption and also suppresses the increase of calcium excretion in urine in ovariectomy. Therefore, it is suggested that isoflavone intake is recommended for menopausal women who experience sharp bone loss due to the decrease in estrogen honnone.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권9호
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• pp.1221-1227
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• 2001

Young lambs (Suffolk wethers, n=18), which were 22 to 26 kg average BW, were chronically exposed to temperatures of +1 to +$4^{\circ}C$ (cold) or +21 to +$24^{\circ}C$ (warm) during 10 wk experimental periods. The sheep were closely shorn and were housed in individual metabolism crates in controlled environment rooms. Sheep consumed pelleted diets ad libitum, which consisted of mainly barley grain and brome grass, and contained 7, 11, or 14% CP. The experimental design consisted of a $2{\times}3$ factorial with a single crossover of environment treatment. Feed intake, BW, feces, and urine excretion were measured. Apparent digestibilities were not affected by diet CP concentration or temperature treatments; however, voluntary intake per kg BW was increased (p<0.05) by diet CP content in both environments. Growing lambs gained weight slightly faster in a cold environment when N intake was above 27 g/d. Nitrogen excretion and N balance were positively related (p<0.01) with diet CP content, and fecal N excretion was significantly increased (p<0.05) in the cold environment. Therefore, dietary CP content strongly influenced N metabolism; however, cold exposure did alter only fecal N excretion. The higher DM intake per kg BW at 11% CP diet in the cold environment permitted ADG comparable to 14% CP diet in the warm environment. The results of this study do support the hypothesis that lambs are better able to utilize a moderate reduction in the CP content of the diet in a cold environment.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.655-662
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• 2007

This study examined the effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 43121 (LAB) on cholesterol metabolism in hypercholesterolemia-induced rats. Four treatment groups of rats (n=9) were fed experimental diets: normal diet, normal $diet+LAB(2{\times}10^6\;CFU/day)$, hypercholesterol diet (0.5% cholesterol, w/w), and hypercholesterol diet+LAB. Body weight, feed intake, and feed efficiency did not differ among the four groups. Supplementation with LAB reduced total serum cholesterol (25%) and VLDL+IDL+LDL cholesterol (42%) in hypercholesterol diet groups, although hepatic tissue cholesterol and lipid contents were not changed. In the normal diet group, cholesterol synthesis (HMG-CoA reductase expression), absorption (LDL receptor expression), and excretion via bile acids (cholesterol $7{\alpha}-hydroxylase$ expression) were increased by supplementation with LAB, and increased cholesterol absorption and decreased excretion were found in the hypercholesterol diet group. Total fecal acid sterols excretion was increased by supplementation with LAB. With proportional changes in both normal and hypercholesterol diet groups, primary bile acids (cholic and chenodeoxycholic acids) were reduced, and secondary bile acids (deoxycholic and lithocholic acids) were increased. Fecal neutral sterol excretion was not changed by LAB. In this experiment, the increase in insoluble bile acid (lithocholic acid) reduced blood cholesterol level in rats fed hypercholesterol diets supplemented with LAB. Thus, in the rat, L. acidophilus ATCC 43121 is more likely to affect deconjugation and dehydroxylation during cholesterol metabolism than the assimilation of cholesterol into cell membranes.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제35권10호
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• pp.1038-1044
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• 2002

The study was designed to observe the effect of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on tumor incidence, eicosanoid formation and antioxidant enzyme activities in colonic mucosa and the fecal excretion of deoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-treated rats. One hundred twenty male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 2 groups, BT (beef tallow diet) group and FO (fish oil diet) group, and each group was again subdivided into 2 groups depending on CLA supplementation, i.e.4 groups of BT, BTC, FO, FOC. All rats were fed experimental diet for 30 weeks, which contained 12% (wt/wt) total dietary fat including 1% (wt/wt) CLA, and were intramuscularly injected with DMH for 6 weeks to give total dose of 180 mg/kg body. CLA-supplemented to BT and FO diet reduced tumor incidence, eicosanoid (PGE$_2$ and TXA$_2$) level in colonic mucosa. N-3 fatty acids (mainly DHA) of fish oil diet (FO, FOC group) also reduced tumor incidence and significantly reduced eicosanoid (PGE$_2$ and TXA$_2$) level in colonic mucosa. CLA supplementation and n-3 fatty acid significantly increased colonic mucosal level of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities but reduced secondary bile acids (deoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid) excretion in the feces. In conclusion, CLA supplementation and n-3 fatty acid could reduce tumor incidence by reducing eicosanoids and increasing antioxidant enzyme activities in colon and decreasing the excretion of deoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid in the feces. The data might suggest that CLA supplementation and n-3 DHA rich fish oil may modulate colon carcinogenesis.termediate level of endurance exercise training for 6 weeks did not influence concentrations of most of free amino acid in soleus muscle of rats collected at an overnight fasted and rested state. In contrast, isolucine and leucine concentrations in extensor digitorum longus muscle of exercise-trained rats were significantly lower than those for control animals. These results indicate that aerobic energy metabolism had not been efficiently conducted, and thereby the utilization of BCAA for energy substrate was enhanced in fast twitch oxidative glycolytic fibers of extensor digitorum longus muscle of rats followed exercise-training protocol for 6 weeks.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.196-200
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• 2004

There are increasing evidences that prebiotics can modulate various properties of the immune system. This study was conducted to investigate effects of three kinds of fructans (chicory inulin, chicory inulin oligosaccharide and fructooligosaccharide) and a glucose oligomer(isomaltooligosaccharide) in large bowel mass and innnunoglobulin A (IgA) in rats. Forty five Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing about 1909 were randomly sorted to receive one of the five treatments, which were control diet, control diet+6% isomaltooligosaccharide (IMOS), control diet+6% fructooligosaccharide (FOS), control diet+6% chicory inulin oligosaccharide (CIOS), or control diet + 6% chicory inulin (CI). Rats were pair-fed and received the experimental diets for 5 weeks. Cecal and colonic wall weights were significantly higher in fructan (FOS, CIOS, CI)-fed groups compared with control and IMOS groups, and the length of colon was elevated in FOS and CIOS groups compared with control group. Fecal concentrations of acetic acid and total short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were significantly elevated in fructan-fed groups. Plasma and cecal levels and fecal excretion of immunogiobulin A (IgA) in rats were not significantly different among groups. However, fructooligosaccharide tended to increase IgA level in cecum. Cecal IgA level was significantly negatively correlated with pH of cecal content (r=-0.337), positively correlated with acetic acid level (r=0.310). Fecal IgA excretion was positively correlated with total SCFA (r=0.311) and propionic acid (r=0.400) level in feces. These results indicate that fructooligosaccharide and chicory inulin oligosaccharide exerted trophic effects in large bowel wall, increased production of SCFAs and decreased pH, which were conditions positively associated with cecal and colonic IgA secretion.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제30권8호
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• pp.911-919
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• 1997

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of caffeine levels on calcium utilization in rats of different age and sex. Calcium utilization was compared in rats of different age(4 weeks and 10 months) and sex that were fed various levels of caffeine (0, 3.5, and 7mg/100g body weight) for 3 weeks. There was no significant difference in feed intake, serum calcium level, and ash content in tibia among the groups. Fecal calcium excretion was lower in young rats than in adults, Urinary calcium excretion significantly higher in the caffeine groups than that in the no-caffeine group. Daily retention and apparent absorbability of calcium in young rats were higher than those in adult rats. However, there was no significant difference among groups of different sex and caffeine levels. The results of this study suggest that caffeine consumption promotes urinary calcium excretion.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.362-366
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• 2008

Anti-lipogenic effects of tannic acid on 3T3-L1 adipocytes as well as on rats fed high fat diet (HFD) were investigated. Tannic acid stimulated lipolysis through suppression of the leptin secretion and an increase of glycerol release in a dose dependent manner in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. For animal study, the rats were fed either HFD or HFD supplemented with 1%(w/w) tannic acid (HFDT) for 12 weeks, respectively. Body weight gain, liver weight, and visceral fat mass in rats fed HFDT were significantly decreased compared to those of rats fed HFD. The lipid profiles of HFDT group were significantly decreased compared with HFD group in the serum and liver, whereas fecal total cholesterol excretion was increased in HFDT group. These results suggest that anti-lipogenic effect of tannic acid in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and in rats fed HFD may be due to the stimulation of lipolysis and the reduction of lipid levels.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.242-247
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• 2005

Caseinomacropeptide (CMP) is a glycopeptide of 64 amino acid residues derived from the C-terminal of mammalian milk K-casein. Recently, human CMP (hCMP) was produced from the recombinant yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In this study, the antiobesity activity of the recombinant hCMP (rhCMP) was investigated in vivo using Sprague-Dawley rats. The rhCMP did not affect the rats fed with a normal fat diet (fat content, $5.0\%$), but decreased the body weight gain of the rats fed with a high fat diet (fat content, $20\%$) by up to $19\%$. Autopsies revealed that the weights of the liver, kidney and adipose tissues decreased when the rats were given the rhCMP, which also reduced the lipid concentrations in the plasma and liver, but enhanced the fecal excretion of lipids. These results suggest that rhCMP prevent the accumulation of lipid by stimulating its fecal excretion, so could be used as a food supplement to alleviate the obesity problem caused by a high fat diet.