• Animal Bioscience
• /
• 제35권2호
• /
• pp.204-216
• /
• 2022

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with a multi-strain probiotic (MSP) product containing of Bifidobacterium animalis, Lactobacillus casei, Streptococcus faecalis, and Bacillus cerevisiae on growth, health, and fecal bacterial composition of dairy calves during the first month of life. Methods: Forty Holstein calves (24 female and 16 male) at 2 d of age were grouped by sex and date of birth then randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments: milk replacer supplementation with 0 g (0MSP), 2 g (2MSP), 4 g (4MSP), and 6 g (6MSP) MSP per calf per day. Results: Supplementation of MSP did not result in any significant differences in parameters of body measurements of calves during the 30 d period. As the dosage of MSP increased, the average daily gain (p = 0.025) and total dry matter intake (p = 0.020) of calves showed a linear increase. The fecal consistency index of the 2MSP, 4MSP, and 6MSP group calves were lower than that of the 0MSP group calves (p = 0.003). As the dosage of MSP increased, the concentrations of lactate dehydrogenase (p = 0.068) and aspartate aminotransferase (p = 0.081) in serum tended to decrease, whereas the concentration of total cholesterol increased quadratically (p = 0.021). The relative abundance of Dorea in feces was lower (p = 0.011) in the 2MSP, 4MSP, and 6MSP group calves than that in the 0MSP group calves. The relative abundance of Dorea (p = 0.001), Faecalibacterium (p = 0.050), and Mitsuokella (p = 0.030) decreased linearly, whereas the relative abundance of Prevotella tended to increase linearly as the dosage of MSP increased (p = 0.058). Conclusion: The MSP product can be used to reduce the diarrhea, improve the performance, and alter the composition of the fecal bacteria in neonatal dairy calves under the commercial conditions.

• 한국임상수의학회지
• /
• 제28권5호
• /
• pp.516-518
• /
• 2011

한국 황새복원센터에서 사육중인 황새의 정상 장내 세균총을 검사하기 위한 조사를 실시하였다. 44마리의 건강한 황새의 총배설강으로부터 44개의 분변시료를 채취하여 호기 및 혐기조건에서 배양하였다. 배양된 미생물의 16Sribosomal RNA 및 heat shock protein 60 유전자의 염기서열을 조사하였다. 호기조건 하에서는 Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Enterococcus avium, Enterococcus gallinarum, Pseudomonas spp., Alcaligenes spp., Enterobacter spp., Corynebacterium spp., Proteus mirabilis가 동정되었다. 혐기조건 하에서는 E. coli, Clostridium tertium, En. faecalis, P. mirabilis가 동정되었다. 모든 시료에서 E. coli, En. faecalis 혹은 두 가지 모두가 분리되었다. 이러한 정상 황새의 장내 미생물 정보는 향후 분변 배양 결과의 해석에 도움이 될 것으로 판단된다.

• Animal Bioscience
• /
• 제37권8호
• /
• pp.1428-1439
• /
• 2024

Objective: Compared to Mimas pigeons, Shiqi pigeons exhibit greater tolerance to coarse feeding because of their abundant gut microbiota. Here, to investigate the potential of utilizing intestinal flora derived from Shiqi pigeons, the intestinal flora and body indices of Mimas squabs were evaluated after fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from donors. Methods: A total of 90 one-day-old squabs were randomly divided into the control group (CON), the low-concentration group (LC) and the high-concentration group (HC): gavaged with 200 μL of bacterial solution at concentrations of 0, 0.1, and 0.2 g/15 mL, respectively. Results: The results suggested that FMT improved the body weight of Mimas squabs in the HC and LC groups (p<0.01), and 0.1 g/15 mL was the optimal dose during FMT. After 16S rRNA sequencing was performed, compared to those in the CON group, the abundance levels of microflora, especially Lactobacillus, Muribaculaceae, and Megasphaera (p<0.05), in the FMT-treated groups were markedly greater. Random forest analysis indicated that the main functions of key microbes involve pathways associated with metabolism, further illustrating their important role in the host body. Conclusion: FMT has been determined to be a viable method for augmenting the weight and intestinal microbiota of squabs, representing a unique avenue for enhancing the economic feasibility of squab breeding.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.5-8
• /
• 1978

순환여과수조에 있어 수질 오염의 지표로서 대장균군의 수적인 변동을 측정하였다. 세균의 오염은 주로 어류의 먹이와 배설물 그리고 새로 교환되는 사육수의 기오염도에 원인이 있었다. 수조내의 세균량은 수질의 물리화학적인 요인에 의해서 조절되었으며, 이러한 요인들 중에서는 pH가 주된 것이었다. 수온 $20^{\circ}C$에 pH가 $5\~6$ 이하로 낮아질 경우에는 세균의 급격한 번식은 없었다. 수온이 $30^{\circ}C$ 이상 일 때 세균의 성장은 pH에 관계없이 현저하게 감소하였으며, 세균군은 그 이하의 온도에서 활발히 성장하는 것처럼 보였다.

• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 고려인삼학회 1990년도 Proceedings of International Symposium on Korean Ginseng, 1990, Seoul, Korea
• /
• pp.111-122
• /
• 1990

The growth responses of a variety of human Intestinal bacteria to extracts of Pun(1.vKy'n.ieny and five other oriental medicinal Araliaceae were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The extracts enhanced the growth of Bifidobncterilim breve and B. longum in Media with or without carbon sources, suggesting the bifid factor (5) might be involved in the phenomenon. This effect was most pronounced with water extract of p. ginseng, the growth of 27 bifidobacteria strains belonging to B. ndolexcentium, H. longlrm, and 1. breve and B. iniuntis being greatly stimurated, whereas seven B. bifidum strains and other bacteria such as clostridia and 5.fcherirhia coli had little or no ability to utilizes it (or growth. Methanol extracts of p, ginseng were found to selectively inhibit growth of various clostridia including C. perfringens and C. Paraputrificum, but this effect was not observed on other bacteria including bifidobacteria. The effect of ginseng extract intake(600 mg/day for two weeks) on the fecal microflora, pH, volatile fatty acids, ammonia, putrefactive products, and -glucuronidase, -glucosidase and nitroreductase activities, and on the blood components (triglyceride, total cholesterol and ammonia) were investigated using seven healthy human volunteers. The total concentration of fecal microflora including Bri'idobucterilim app. during the period of ginseng extract intake was significantly unaffected from the proceeding and sub sequent control periods. However, the frequency of occurrence of subjects having C. perfringens was significantly decreased. The fecal pH value was also significantly decreased, suggesting that the intake might increase the activity of Bifidobacterium spp. Other biochemical properties in faces did not changed significantly. The levels of ammonia and triglycerid in blood were decreased with ginseng extract intake. These results may be an indication of at least one of the pharmacological actions of P ginseng as an adaptogen.

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제39권4호
• /
• pp.819-824
• /
• 1999

Suspected infections of Campylobacter spp and Clostridium spp were observed in three dogs. The diagnosis was based on fecal cytology, Gram's stain, clinical signs and serum chemistry. The rectal swabs of diarrheic dogs were performed to confirm the enteropathogens. Suspected Campylobacter spp were a sea-gull shape and Clostridium spp had a large, clear endospore in rectal cytology. Treatment with appropriate antibiotics resulted in a complete resolution of all clinical abnormalities in three cases. The source of Campylobacter spp and Clostridium spp could not be found clearly in three cases, but gastrointestinal origin was most likely. When detecting the enteropathogens in feces, fecal smear with Wright's and Gram's stain should be made at first and also, if the patients have canine parvoviral enteritis, attention should be paid to confirm the Campylobacter spp and Clostridium spp. In addition, since Campylobacter spp and Clostridium spp as normal bacterial flora exists in canine intestines, it is thought that microbiological isolation should be performed to confirm the suspected Campylobacter spp and Clostridium spp as primary enteropathogens in subsequent study.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
• /
• 제45권4호
• /
• pp.163-170
• /
• 2020

Background: Gut microflora contributes to the nutritional metabolism of the host and to strengthen its immune system. However, if the intestinal barrier function of the living body is destroyed by radiation exposure, the intestinal bacteria harm the health of the host and cause sepsis. Therefore, this study aims to trace short-term radiation-induced changes in the mouse gut microflora-dominant bacterial genus, and analyze the degree of intestinal epithelial damage. Materials and Methods: Mice were irradiated with 0, 2, 4, 8 Gy X-rays, and the gut microflora and intestinal epithelial changes were analyzed 72 hours later. Five representative genera of Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes were analyzed in fecal samples, and the intestine was pathologically analyzed by Hematoxylin-Eosin and Alcian blue staining. In addition, DNA fragmentation was evaluated by the TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Results and Discussion: The small intestine showed shortened villi and reduced number of goblet cells upon 8 Gy irradiation. The large intestine epithelium showed no significant morphological changes, but the number of goblet cells were reduced in a radiation dose-dependent manner. Moreover, the small intestinal epithelium of 8 Gy-irradiated mice showed significant DNA damaged, whereas the large intestine epithelium was damaged in a dose-dependent manner. Overall, the large intestine epithelium showed less recovery potential upon radiation exposure than the small intestinal epithelium. Analysis of the intestinal flora revealed fluctuations in lactic acid bacteria excretion after irradiation regardless of the morphological changes of intestinal epithelium. Altogether, it became clear that radiation exposure could cause an immediate change of their excretion. Conclusion: This study revealed changes in the intestinal epithelium and intestinal microbiota that may pave the way for the identification of novel biomarkers of radiation-induced gastrointestinal disorders and develop new therapeutic strategies to treat patients with acute radiation syndrome.

• Journal of Microbiology
• /
• 제43권4호
• /
• pp.345-353
• /
• 2005

The complex ecosystem of intestinal micro flora is estimated to harbor approximately 400 different microbial species, mostly bacteria. However, studies on bacterial colonization have mostly been based on culturing methods, which only detect a small fraction of the whole microbiotic ecosystem of the gut. To clarify the initial acquisition and subsequent colonization of bacteria in an infant within the few days after birth, phylogenetic analysis was performed using 16S rDNA sequences from the DNA iso-lated from feces on the 1st, 3rd, and 6th day. 16S rDNA libraries were constructed with the amplicons of PCR conditions at 30 cycles and $50^{\circ}C$ annealing temperature. Nine independent libraries were produced by the application of three sets of primers (set A, set B, and set C) combined with three fecal samples for day 1, day 3, and day 6 of life. Approximately 220 clones ($76.7\%$) of all 325 isolated clones were characterized as known species, while other 105 clones ($32.3\%$) were characterized as unknown species. The library clone with set A universal primers amplifying 350 bp displayed increased diversity by days. Thus, set A primers were better suited for this type of molecular ecological analysis. On the first day of the life of the infant, Enterobacter, Lactococcus lactis, Leuconostoc citreum, and Streptococcus mitis were present. The largest taxonomic group was L. lactis. On the third day of the life of the infant, Enterobacter, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, S. mitis, and Streptococcus salivarius were present. On the sixth day of the life of the infant, Citrobacter, Clostridium difficile, Enterobacter sp., Enterobacter cloacae, and E. coli were present. The largest taxonomic group was E. coli. These results showed that microbiotic diversity changes very rapidly in the few days after birth, and the acquisition of unculturable bacteria expanded rapidly after the third day.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제17권6호
• /
• pp.511-522
• /
• 1984

낙동강 하류 수계는 농수산업을 비롯하여 각 산업의 용수 뿐만아니라 400만 부산시민의 상수 급수원으로서도 대단히 중요하다. 본 수계의 효율적인 활용을 위하여 하구언을 축조하고 있다. 그래서 본 연구는 하구언 설치 이전과 이후의 수질 변화에 대한 기초재료를 얻기 위하여 1983년 8월부터 1984년 7월까지 계절마다 2회씩 모두 8회에 걸쳐 15개 지점에서 총 시료 120개를 취하여 분석하였다. 이들 시료에 대한 수온, pH, 염소 ion 및 염분도, 화학적 산소 요구량, 전기전도도, 영양염류, 위생지표세균, microflora에 대한 실험 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 수온의 연간변화는 $-1.5{\sim}29.0^{\circ}C$로 컸으며, 봄철의 수온은 $10{\sim}15^{\circ}C$로서 겨울철보다 약 $10^{\circ}C$ 상승하였고, 가을철의 수온은 전 지점에서 $20^{\circ}C$ 부근으로 매우 안정되었다. 여름철에는 기온의 상승에 따라 $21{\sim}29^{\circ}C$로 높았다. 2. pH의 연간변화는 $6.68{\sim}8.50$이었으며, 평상시의 pH는 상부수역에서 하구쪽으로 향할수록 점증하였으며, 하구수역에서는 8에 가까웠다. 그러나 강우량이 많았던 직후에는 오히려 상부수역이 높고 하구수역이 낮아지는 반대현상이었다. 3. 염소 ion 농도의 변화범위는 $7.4{\sim}l.020.5$ mg/l로 지점별 차가 심하였다. 또, 염분또는 $1.05{\sim}33.01\%$로 넓은 범위로 분포되었다. 상부에 녹산 수문이 있는 제3수로는 $25.76{\sim}31.58\%0$으로 육수나 하천수의 영향을 많이 받고 있는 제1, 2수로보다 높은염도를 나타내며 안정되어 있다. 4. 화학적 산소 요구량의 변화범위는 $1.45{\sim}14.94$ mg/l였으며, 상부, 중부수역과 각 수로의 기점은 5mg/l 이상이었고, 하구수역은 수산 2급 기준치인3 ppm을 모두 초과하였다. 5. 전기전도도의 변화범위는 $1.360{\times}10^2{\sim}5.650{\times}10^4{\mu}{\mho}/cm$였으며, 상부수역에서 보다 하구수역에서 월등히 높았으며 강우량이 많을시에는 전 수역에서 낮은 값으로 나타났다. 6. 영양염류의 년중 변화범위는 $NO_2-N\;:\;0.008{\sim}0.040$ mg/l, $NO_3-N\;:\;0.038{\sim}5.253$ mg/l, $NH_4-N\;:\;0.100{\sim}2.685$ mg/l, $PO_4-P\;:\;0.003{\sim}0.084$ mg/l, $SiO_2-Si\;:\;0.154{\sim}6.123$mg/l였으며, 각종 염류는 일반적으로 상부, 중부수역에서 높은 농도였으나, 강우량에 육수나 강수에 의해 운반되어 하구수역에서 농도가 높아진다. 특히 하구수역에서 질소, 인화합물이 20년전에 비하여 $2{\sim}3$배 증가되고 있어 이차적인 환역오염이 우려 된다. 7. 대장균군 최확수의 분포범위는 $7.3{\sim}460,000/100ml$였으며, 금곡에서 을숙도 구간인 중부수역에서의 기하평균치는 $3,476{\sim}34,700/100ml$으로 극심한 오염도를 나타내었다. 이 수질의 여파와 장림천 괴정천에서 유입되는 오수로 제1수로의 수질은 $1.100{\sim}460,000/100ml$로 제 2수로 보다 5배나 심하게 오염되어 있었다. 분편계대장균 최확수의 분포범위는 $3.6{\sim}460,000/100ml$였으며, 대장균군에서와 같은 양상이었다. 장구균 최확수는 $0{\sim}46,000/100ml$의 분포범위로 분편계대장균과 같은 양상이었다. 8. 대장균군으로 분리 동정된 총 452균주중에서 Escherchia coli group은 127 균주로 $28\%$, Citrobacter freundii group은 82 균주로 $18\%$, Enterobacter aerogenes group이 141균주, $31\%$로 제일 많았으며, 분류되지 않은것이 $22\%$ 정도였다. 9. 생균수의 연간 변화폭은 $<30{\sim}1.2{\times}10^5/ml$였으며, 각 수역별로 위생지표세균이 변화하였던 것과 같은 양상이었다. 10. 본 수계에서 분리 동정된 세균 총 659 균주중에서 Pseudomonas 속이 279 균주($42\%$)로서 제일 많았으며, Flavebacterium cytophaga 속이 131균주($20\%$), Moraxella속이 72균주($12\%$) 순이었으며, Bacillus 속이 $0.3\%$으로 제일 낮은 빈도를 나타내었다.