• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.353-358
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• 2021

This study provides the syntactic analysis for the agreement attraction by proposing three types of syntactic subject-verb agreement. Because subject-verb number agreement codifies the link between a predicate and its subject, it must be the purely syntactic processes of the head-to-head agreement or the feature percolation, where relevant agreement features percolate upward or downward through the hierarchical syntactic structure. The agreement errors are not affected by linear proximity or minimal interference, but instead are affected by the hierarchical relationship between an agreement target and a local attractor. The data in this paper includes the complex noun phrases with a modifier PP or a relative clause CP. Here, the [+PL] feature is suggested to be a local attractor for subject-verb agreement errors as a strong feature. Therefore, speakers tend to erroneously produce plural agreement for a singular subject in a main clause due to a plural NP in a modifier PP or plural agreement for a singular subject in a relative clause due to plural main subject.

• Nano
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.1850126.1-1850126.10
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• 2018

Flexible strain sensors, as the core member of the family of smart electronic devices, along with reasonable sensing range and sensitivity plus low cost, have rose a huge consumer market and also immense interests in fundamental studies and technological applications, especially in the field of biomimetic robots movement detection and human health condition monitoring. In this paper, we propose a new flexible strain sensor based on thick CVD graphene film and its low-cost fabrication strategy by using the commercial adhesive tape as flexible substrate. The tensile tests in a strain range of ~30% were implemented, and a gage factor of 30 was achieved under high strain condition. The optical microscopic observation with different strains showed the evolution of cracks in graphene film. Together with commonly used platelet overlap theory and percolation network theory for sensor resistance modeling, we established an overlap destructive resistance model to analyze the sensing mechanism of our devices, which fitted the experimental data very well. The finding of difference of fitting parameters in small and large strain ranges revealed the multiple stage feature of graphene crack evolution. The resistance fallback phenomenon due to the viscoelasticity of flexible substrate was analyzed. Our flexible strain sensor with low cost and simple fabrication process exhibits great potential for commercial applications.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.1199-1215
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• 2011

Relaxing an unrealistic assumption of a representative percolation model, this paper demonstrates that herd behavior leads to a high increase in volatility but not trading volume, in contrast with information flows that give rise to increases in both volatility and trading volume. Although detecting herd behavior has posed a great challenge due to its empirical difficulty, this paper proposes a new methodology for detecting trading days with herding. Furthermore, this paper suggests a herd-behavior-stochastic-volatility model, which accounts for herding in financial markets. Strong evidence in favor of the model specification over the standard stochastic volatility model is based on empirical application with high frequency data in the Korean equity market, strongly supporting the intuition that herd behavior causes excess volatility. In addition, this research indicates that strong persistence in volatility, which is a prevalent feature in financial markets, is likely attributed to herd behavior rather than news.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.45-51
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• 2014

This is to study the effects of various pretreatment methods of agricultural residue, corn stover, and to compare the feature and pros and cons of each method including dilute sulfuric acid (DSA), soaking in aqueous ammonia (SAA), and ammonia recycle percolation (ARP). In order to convert corn stover to ethanol, various pretreatments followed by simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation (SSCF) were tested and evaluated in terms of ethanol yield. With 3%, w/w of glucan loading using ARP-, DSA-, and SAA-treated solids, SSCFs using recombinant E. coli strain (ATCC$^{(R)}$ 55124) with commercial enzymes (15 FPU of Spezyme CP/g-glucan and 30 CBU/g-glucan enzyme loading) were tested. In the SSCF tests, 87, 90, and 78% of theoretical maximum ethanol yield were observed using ARP-, DSA-, and SAA-treated solids, respectively, which were 69, 58, and 74% on the basis of total carbohydrates (glucan + xylan) in the untreated corn stover. Ethanol yield of SAA-treated solid was higher than those of ARP- and DSA-treated solids. In addition, SSCF test using treated solids plus pretreated hydrolysate indicated that the DSA-treated hydrolysate showed the strongest inhibition effect on the KO11 strain, whereas the ARP-treated hydrolysate was found to have the second strongest inhibition effect. Bioconversion scheme using SAA pretreatment and SSCF can make the downstream process simple, which is suggested to produce ethanol economically because utilization of hemicellulose in the hydrolysate is not necessary.