• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 1999.05a
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• pp.103-104
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• 1999

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.303-312
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• 2019

In this study, X-ray diffraction, ICP analysis, and leaching experiments were performed to analyze the heavy metals and dissolution characteristics of Andong dam sediments. As a result of X-ray diffraction analysis, Andong dam sediment consists of quartz, plagioclase, chlorite and illite. ICP analysis of sediment showed very high concentrations of As and Cd. Leaching experiments were performed in aerobic and anaerobic condition in a disturbed state. The results of leaching experiment showed that more heavy metals were leached in aerobic than anaerobic conditions. Heavy metal that increased in concentration with time in aerobic conditions were Mn, Zn and Cd, and those in anaerobic conditions were Mn, Fe and As. The leaching ratio of heavy metal concentration in sediment was Mn > Cd > Zn > Ni > Cu > As > Pb ≒ Fe ≒ Cr and Mn > As > Cu > Ni > Zn > Pb ≒ Cd ≒ Fe ≒ Cr in aerobic and anaerobic conditions, respectively.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.66-69
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• 2006

Local magnetization reversal in the exchange-biased NiFe/FeMn and $[Pd/Co]_5/FeMn$ multilayers with in-plane and out-of-plane magnetic anisotropy was achieved by using laser annealing. The local annealed NiFe/FeMn film under the opposite magnetic field shows a magnetoresistance (MR) curve having two symmetric peaks at the positive and negative exchange biasing field (${\pm}H_{ex}$). The intensity of the nucleated MR peak rises as the exposed area extends during the laser annealing process, and the peak disappears under the reverse magnetic field. In the case of [Pd/Co]/FeMn films, the local magnetization reversal increased gradually as the laser power increases. The locally reversed magnetization was restored under the opposite magnetic field.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.4 no.1_2
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• pp.35-45
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• 1989

Studies on the heavy metal content of ginkgo leaves growing in all around Seoul. This study was carried out to investigate the concentration of heavy metals and soluble sulfur in ginkgo leaves. These leaves are found growing in park, residential, commercial and industrial areas all around Seoul. These analyzed the quantity of Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn, Hg and soluble surfur in separate samples of washed and unwashed leaves. The results were as follows: 1. This order of heavey metal concentration was found in Seoul area,: Fe＞Mn＞Zn＞Ni＞Pb＞Cu＞Co＞Cd＞Hg. 2. Pb concentration was higher in the commercial area than in the other areas, and it concentration in washed leaves was higher 96～100% and unwashed leaves 85～170%. 3. In the residential area Ni concentration was significantly higer where about seven times more Ni as found on the top part of the leaves. 4. Water soluble surfur was higest in the inudstrial area, but the percentage on top of the leaves was only 0.04～0.05% simillar with other area. 5. Fe, Zn and Ni were almost positively correlated to each component but negatively correlated between Mn and souble sulfer. All of content except Mn and Ni were significance between each area in washed and unwashed leaves.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.50-54
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• 2000

NiMn-pinned spin valve films consisting of a layered glass/NiFe/Co/Cu/Co/NiFe/NiMn/Ta stack were made by do magnetron sputtering. After deposition, the structure was annealed in a series of cycles each including three hours at $220^\circ C, 2\times10^{-6}$ Torr, in a field of 350 Oe, to create an ordered antiferromagnetic structure in the NiMn layer and produce a strong unidirectional pinning field in the pinned magnetic layer, Optimum spin valve properties were obtained after seven annealing cycles, or 21 hours at $220^\circ C$, and were : MR ratio 1%, exchange coupling field 620 Oe, and coercivity of pinned layer 250 Oe. The exchange coupling field remained constant up to an operating temperature of $175^\circ C$, and the blocking temperature was about $380^\circ C$.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.2071-2078
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• 2024

The precipitation of solutes is a major cause of irradiation hardening and embrittlement limiting the service life of reactor pressure vessel (RPV) steels. Impurities play a significant role in the formation of precipitation in RPV materials. In this study, the effects of carbon on cluster formation and irradiation hardening were investigated in an RPV alloy Fe-1.35Mn-0.75Ni using C and Fe ions irradiation at 290 ℃. Nanoindentation results showed that C ion irradiation led to less hardening below 1.0 dpa, with hardening continuing to increase gradually at higher doses, while it was saturated under Fe ion irradiation. Atom probe tomography revealed a broad size distribution of Ni-Mn clusters under Fe ion irradiation, contrasting a narrower size distribution of small Ni-Mn clusters under C ion irradiation. Further analysis indicated the influence of carbon on the cluster formation, with solute-precipitated defects dominating under C ion irradiation but interstitial clusters dominating under Fe ion irradiation. Simulations suggested that carbon significantly affected solute nucleation, with defect clusters displaying smaller size and higher density as carbon concentration increased. The higher hardening at doses above 1.0 dpa was attributed to a substantial increase in the number density of defect clusters when carbon was present in the matrix.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.10 no.8
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• pp.569-574
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• 2000

To improve the ductility of $Al_3Hf$ and $Al_3Ta$ intermetallic compounds, which are the potential temperature structural materials, the mechanical alloying behaviour and the effect of ternary additions on the $Ll_2$ phase formation were investigated. During the mechanical alloying by the SPEX mill, the $Ll_2$ $Al_3Hf$ intermetallic compound was formed after 6 hours of milling in AL-25%Hf system. In AL-25%Ta system, however, only the $D0_{22}$ $Al_3Ta$ intermetallic compound was formed until 30 hours of milling and the $Ll_2$ phase was not observed. In AL-12.5%M-25%Ta(M=Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, Ni) systems, the additions of Cu and Zn had no effect on the $D0_{22}$ structure of the binary $Al_3Hf$ and the additions of Mn, Fe and Ni produced the amorphous phase. Therefore it was considered that these ternary additions could not overcome the energy difference between $Ll_2$ and $D0_{22}$ structures in the $Al_3Hf$ intermetallic compound. In AL-12.5%M-25%Hf(M=Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, Ni)systems, the additions of Cu and Zn did not affect the $Ll_2$ structure of the binary $Al_3Hf$ but the additions of oMn, Fe and Ni produced the amorphous phase as they did in AL-12.5%M-25%Ta systems. Therefore, it was considered that the Ni, Mn and Fe additions promote the formation of amorphous phase in $Al_3X$ intermetallic compounds.

• The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.69-91
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• 1993

A total of 76 surface sediment samples, collected from the Korean west coast and the eastern Yellow Sea areas, were analyzed for their elemental composition in order to understand the geochemical characteristics of these deposits. The analyzed elements included 9 major elements (Al, Fe, Na, K, Mg, Ca, Ti, P, Mn), 8 minor elements (Sr, Ba, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn), organic carbon and calcium carbonate. Contents of most analyzed elements, excluding K and Ba, were generally low compared to those of average crust. Contents of most elements, except K and Ca, also correlated with sediment grain size, though the degree of relationship varied widely from one element to another. For fine-grained sediments, a distinction could be made between those in the central Yellow Sea and those in the Keum Estuary based on their characteristic elemental composition: the former were rich in Fe, Na, K, Mg, Ca and V, and the latter in Mn, Co and Ni. The element/aluminium ratios, on the other hand, showed that the central Yellow Sea muds were enriched in Fe, Mg, V, Ni, Cu and Zn and depleted in K, Mn, Ba and Sr relative to the mud located near the Korean Peninsula. Based on the analysis of these results, as well as of the influences of particular mineral phases or pollution effects, we could suggest geochemical criteria which can be used in distinguishing muds from the two different sources, the Keum River and the Yellow River: the former by the higher Mn content and the latter by the higher Mg and V contents, relative to each other.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1994

Lattice structure, hydrogen absorption characteristics, discharge capacity and cycle life of $V_{22}Ti_{16}Zr_{16}Ni_{39}X_7$(X= Cr, Co, Fe, Mn, Al) alloys were investigated. The matrix phases of these alloys were the C14 Laves phase. Chromium-containing alloy had a vanadium-rich phase in addition to the Laves phase. The chromium, maganese, or aluminum-containing alloys had lower hydrogen equilibrium pressure and larger hydrogen absorption content than the cobalt or iron-containing alloys. The discharge capacities of these alloys were 270~330mAh/g. The discharge capacity according to the alloying element X decreased in the order of Mn>Cr>Co, Al)Fe. The charge/discharge cycle lives of the chromium, cobalt or iron-containing alloys were longer than those of maganese or aluminum-containing alloys due to the lower vanadium dissolution rate.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.223-230
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• 1995

The effects of Mn and Co additions up to 0.6 and 2.0 wt% respectively and the amount of cold-rolled reduction on the thermal expansion coefficient (TEC) of powder rolled Fe-Ni Invar strips were investigated. The compacted strips were sintered, homogenized and cold-rolled to the final thickness of 0.8 mm, 0.65 mm and 0.4 mm. All the strips reached full density except the case of 0.8 mm sample which has a very few porosities. The interstitials which are well known to increase TEC were minimized to the level of 10 rpm C,5 and N,0 by the processing. TEC was found to decrease by increasing the cold reduction. The Mn content had little effect on the TEC. But in Fe-Ni-Co system, TEC decreased with Co content up to 0.4 wt% and then increased, yielding the minimum value of $0.2 {\times} 10-6/^{\circ}C$ at 0.4 wt% Co. This value is much lower than that of commercial Invar product. Such effect of Co is considered to be related with the maxiumum spontaneous- magnetostriction effect.