• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.566-577
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• 1993

The study was to compare the effect of dietary fatty acids on fatty acid profile in tissue and the status of tocopherol and lipid peroxidation, and superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities at two fat levels. Male Sprague Dawley rats weighing average 350g(17 weeks) were fed either low fat(LF, 4.3% w/w, 10% kcal) or high fat(HF, 20.8%, w/w, 40% kcal)diet for 6 weeks. The fats used were beef tallow as a source of saturated fatty acid, corn oil for n-6 linoleic acid, perilla oil for n-3 $\alpha$-linolenic acid and fish oil for n-3 eiocosapentatenoic acid(EPA) and n-3 docosahexaenoic acid(DHA). Palsma tocopherol was significantly reduced by fish oil compared to beef tallow at body fat level. However, there was no significant effect on the levels of plasma MDA, RBC MDA and tocopherol, and RBC hempolysis by the type and amount of dietary fat. The peroxidizibility index of fatty acid profile in plasma and liver was increased and liver MDA level was significantly increased by fish oil when dietary fat level was increased. The activities of SOD and GSHPx tended to be increased by perilla oil and fish oil at both fat oil significantly reduced the incorpration of c20:4 and increased the incorporation of c20:5 into liver compared to corn oil. The incorporation of n-3 fatty acids into tissue by perilla oil rich in $\alpha$-linolenic acid was significantly higher tan corn oil and its effect was improved with higher amount of perilla oil in diet by high fat diet. Overall, the lipid peroxidation of tissue could be prevented by tocopherol supplementation when dietary fat level was low in diet. However, at high fat diet, tocopherol supplementation might not be enough to prevent the lipid peroxidation in tissue since the potential for lipid peroxidation was tended to be increased with higher incorporation of higher unsaturated n-3 fatty acids into tissue. Therefore, it could not be recommended to consume large amount of fish oil even with excess amount of tocopherol supplemented to the high fat diet.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.276-283
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• 2005

목 적 : 내장 지방은 비만 합병증의 위험 인자이며 성인에서 지방간은 내장 지방과 관련이 있음이 알려져 있다. 소아 비만의 진단기준인 BMI가 내장 지방 정도를 반영하는지를 살펴보고 소아 지방간 환아에서 BMI, 체지방 분포, 간 효소치와 복부 CT상 지방간 정도 사이의 상관관계를 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 2000년 1월부터 2004년 2월까지 BMI를 기준으로 비만위험 또는 비만에 동반된 간 효소치 이상을 주소로 서울대학교 어린이병원 소아과에 내원하여 비조영증강 복부 CT 검사로 지방간을 진단받은 소아 23례(남아 19명, 여아 4명)를 대상으로 하여 CT로 복부 지방 면적을 측정하였다. BMI와 내장 지방과의 상관관계, 복부 CT상 지방간의 정도와 BMI, VAT, VSR, 간 효소치간의 상관관계를 분석하였다. 결 과 : BMI는 TAF(r=0.91476, P<0.0001), VAT(r=0.51719, P=0.0115), SAAT(r=0.88302, P<0.0001)와 유의한 상관관계가 있었다. CTL/CTS비와 BMI(r=-0.11938, P=0.5876), TAF(r=-0.14936, P=0.4964), VAT(r=-0.31234, P=0.1468), SAAT(r=-0.08154, P=0.7115), VSR(r=-0.19202, P=0.3801), AST(r=0.12729, P=0.5628), ALT(r=-0.00179, P=0.9935) 및 AST/ALT비(r=0.20762, P=0.3418) 사이에 유의한 상관관계가 없었다. 결 론 : 소아 비만에서 BMI는 내장 지방 정도를 반영하나 복부 CT상 지방간의 정도와 간 효소치, BMI, 내장 지방량 사이에 유의한 상관관계가 없었다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.546-551
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 n-3계 지방산이 풍부하게 함유된 고등어를 기존의 열풍건조기의 단점을 보완하고 높은 온도에서 손실되는 영양소를 막기 위해 저온진공건조기를 도입하여 건조시킨 후, 건조고등어의 섭취에 의한 간 및 신경조직에서의 지방산 조성 변화를 알아보고자 하였다. 간 지방산 조성의 경우, 고등어군의 총 n-6 지방산 함량은 두 군에서 유의적 차이는 없었으나 총 n-3 지방산의 함량은 고등어군에서 대조군보다 증가하였다. N-3 계열 지방산 중에서 특히 DHA의 함량은 대조군에 비해 229% 증가하였다(p<0.05). 대뇌 피질의 지방산 조성의 경우, 고등어군의 총 monounsaturated 지방산은 대조군에 비해 유의적으로 증가하였으나, 총 n-6 지방산의 함량은 감소하였다(p<0.05). 반면 총 n-3 지방산은 대조군에 비해 12%로 증가하였고 그 중에서 22:5n-3와 DHA의 함량은 고등어군에서 대조군보다 증가하였다(p<0.05). 소뇌의 지방산 조성의 경우, 총 지방산 함량과 총 n-6 지방산의 함량이 고등어군에서 대조군보다 감소하였고, 총 n-3 지방산의 함량은 두 군 간에 유의적 차이는 없었으나 n-3계 지방산중 22:5n-3의 함량은 200%로 증가하였다(p<0.05). 망막의 지방산 조성의 경우, 고등어군의 총 n-6 지방산의 함량은 대조군보다 감소하였으나, 총 n-3 지방산의 함량은 유의적 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 반면, n-3계 지방산 중에서 20:5n-3과 22:5n-3이 각각 200%, 67%로 증가하였다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과로부터 n-3 지방산을 많이 함유한 건조 고등어 식이는 간 및 신경조직의 총 n-3 지방산의 함량을 증가시켰고, 특히 간, 대뇌 피질에서의 DHA의 함량을 증가시켰다. 이상의 결과를 토대로 건조 고등어 섭취는 뇌의 DHA 함량을 증가시켰으므로 향후 공간 기억력 테스트를 행하여 고등어 섭취에 의한 뇌 기능 개선 효과와 뇌의 DHA 함량 증가와의 상호 연관성에 대하여 검토할 예정이다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.178-184
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• 2013

This study investigates the impact of exercises, coffee intakes, and physical trainings on fuel utilization in rats. Ninety-six rats were fed a control diet with either water (C) or coffee (CF; 0.12 g freeze-dried instant coffee/100 g body weight/d). Additionally, the animals go through physical training (TC and TCF) or no training (NTC and NTCF) for 4 weeks. For physical training, animals have to exercise on treadmills for 30 minutes (5 d per week, $15^{\circ}$ incline, 0.5-0.8 km/h). At the end of week 4, the animals in each group were subdivided into three exercise groups: before exercise (BE), during exercise (DE), and after exercise (AE). The DE rats exercised on treadmills for 1 hour immediately before being sacrificed. Hemoglobin, hematocrit, glucose, glycogen, protein, triglyceride (TG), and free fatty acid (FFA) levels in the plasma, liver, and skeletal muscle of the rats were compared accordingly. Organ weights were also measured. Coffee-training interaction had a significant impact on heart weight, visceral fat, hemoglobin, hematocrit, liver glycogen in DE and AE, and liver triglyceride in DE and AE. Exercise (meaning exercised on a treadmill for 1 hour immediately before being sacrificed) training interaction was significant in liver glycogen, muscle glycogen in control diet and control diet with coffee, FFA and muscle TG levels at control diet with coffee group. Exercise-coffee interactions significantly influenced the FFA with no training groups. Exercise-coffee-training interaction significantly effects on FFA, Liver TG and Muscle TG. Coffee intakes can increase lipolysis during exercising but coffee consumptions delay the recovery of liver glycogen levels in trained rats after exercising. Coffee intakes can increase lipolysis during exercising but coffee consumptions delay the recovery of liver glycogen levels in trained rats after exercising. Coffee can be an effective ergogenic aid during exercise for physically trained rats.

• 한방비만학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.74-82
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• 2018

Objectives: The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of Silbi-um (SBU) extract on the alcoholic fatty liver induced by EtOH administration for 8 weeks. Methods: Male Sprague Dawley rats were used. All animals were randomly divided into 3 groups; Normal, EtOH and EtOH+SBU. The rats of EtOH group were daily treated with ethanol of 25% (v/v) for 8 weeks (n=10). EtOH+SBU group was orally treated with SBU water extract after ethanol administration (n=10). The rats of Normal group were treated with saline (n=10). After 8 weeks, the mean body weight, liver weight, and liver-body weight ratio were calculated. The serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) of all groups were measured. The morphological alterations were observed using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Oil Red O staining. Moreover, the alteration of tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ ($TNF-{\alpha}$) levels were analyzed immunohistochemistrically. Results: The histological data showed that liver sections from EtOH group displayed severe steatosis. SBU extract significantly inhibited the progression of the alcoholic liver injury. The increased serum level of ALT and AST induced by ethanol administration were decreased by SBU extract. Furthermore, SBU extract significantly decreased the liver concentrations of $TNF-{\alpha}$. Conclusions: SBU water extract attenuated the alcohol induced fatty liver by improving hepatic lipid metabolism via suppression of $TNF-{\alpha}$ protein. SBU could be effective in protecting the liver from alcoholic fatty liver.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.1562-1569
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• 2004

The objective of this experiment was to determine the effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs)-enriched diet supplemented with different levels of $\alpha$-tocopherol on the activities of hepatic lipogenic-related enzymes and the contents of liver and plasma lipid fractions in laying Tsaiya ducks. A total of 180 30-wk-old laying Tsaiya ducks, at the beginning of peak production, were allotted into 6 treatments with 3 replicates each. Ducks were fed one of the 6 experimental diets, containing 4% tallow (control), and 4% fish oil supplemented with graded levels of $\alpha$-tocopheryl acetate ($\alpha$-tocopherol) at 0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 mg/kg, respectively, for 6 wks. Feed and water were supplied ad libitum throughout the experimental period. The results indicated that the n-3 PUFAsenriched diet supplemented with different levels of $\alpha$-tocopherol did not affect (p>0.05) egg weight, feed intake, body weight change or liver and abdominal fat weights. Egg production, egg mass and feed efficiency significantly (p<0.05) improved as dietary $\alpha$-tocopherol levels increased. The activities of hepatic lipogenic-related enzymes including acetyl-CoA carboxylase (EC 6. 2. 1. 3; ACC), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1. 1. 1. 49; G-6-PDH), ATP-citrate cleavage enzyme (EC 4. 1. 3. 8; CCE), NADP-malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.40; NADP-MDH) and fatty acid synthetase (FAS) were higher (p<0.05) in birds fed with the tallow diet than in those fed with fish oil diets and increased with increasing dietary $\alpha$-tocopherol levels. None of the dietary treatments significantly affected the contents of triglyceride and total cholesterol in the liver, or total cholesterol, phospholipid and total lipid in the plasma. However, the contents of phospholipid and total lipid in the liver, and triglyceride in the plasma increased as dietary $\alpha$-tocopherol levels increased. Increasing dietary $\alpha$-tocopherol levels decreased the non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) content in the plasma and trended to decrease the cholesterol contents in the egg yolk. The lipid metabolism of laying Tsaiya ducks was influenced not only by the dietary fat but also by the supplementation levels of $\alpha$-tocopherol.

• 한방비만학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.167-172
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• 2022

Obesity is known as the most common risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Weight loss is needed to prevent liver function damage from progressing to non-alcoholic hepatosteatosis (NASH) and NASH-related liver cirrhosis. The purpose of this study was to observe the recovery of liver function in obese patients with liver dysfunction through traditional Korean obesity treatment. Body weight, liver function levels and renal function levels were examined by prescribing traditional Korean medicine in obese patients with mild elevation of liver function test. Blood tests were conducted at intervals of one month, and it was observed that liver function recovered to the normal range in three patients.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.276-285
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• 2020

Purpose: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) ranges in severity from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis. Early detection of NAFLD is important for preventing the disease from progressing to become an irreversible end-stage liver disease. We developed a nomogram that allows for non-invasive screening for NAFLD in obese children. Methods: Anthropometric and laboratory data of 180 patients from our pediatric obesity clinic were collected. Diagnoses of NAFLD were based on abdominal ultrasonographic findings. The nomogram was constructed using predictors from a multivariate analysis of NAFLD risk factors. Results: The subjects were divided into non-NAFLD (n=67) and NAFLD groups (n=113). Factors, including sex, body mass index, abdominal circumference, blood pressure, insulin resistance, and levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γGT), uric acid, triglycerides, and insulin, were significantly different between the two groups (all p<0.05) as determined using homeostatis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). In our multivariate logistic regression analysis, elevated serum ALT, γGT, and triglyceride levels were significantly related to NAFLD development. The nomogram was established using γGT, uric acid, triglycerides, HOMA-IR, and ALT as predictors of NAFLD probability. Conclusion: The newly developed nomogram may help predict NAFLD risk in obese children. The nomogram may also allow for early NAFLD diagnosis without the need for invasive liver biopsy or expensive liver imaging, and may also allow clinicians to intervene early to prevent the progression of NAFLD to become a more advanced liver disease.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.43-51
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• 2019

The effects on the radical scavenging activities and hepatic lipid levels in rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD) in the 70% ethanolic extract from Acer tegmentosum Maxim (ATM) were evaluated. Total phenol content of ATM was 168.60 mg catechin/g in the 70% ethanolic extract of Acer tegmentosum. The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities were 18.32 mM TE/g and 32.25 mM TE/g, respectively. Food efficiency ratio was lower significantly in supplemented group with 150 mg/kg BW/day during 5 weeks (HFD+ATM) compared to HFD. Total cholesterol and triglyceride contents in liver tissue of HFD+ATM were lower significantly compared to those of the HFD. Supplementation of ATM significantly decreased lipid peroxide contents and increased radical scavenging activity in the liver tissue compared with that of HFD group. Moreover, the hepatocytes of HFD rats showed a typical fatty liver morphology showing the presence of cytoplasmic lipid droplets, whereas administration of ATM attenuated the number and the size of lipid droplets. In the liver tissue of ATM administrated HFD group, the mRNA levels of SREBP-1c, $PPAR{\gamma}$, and FAS were decreased. Therefore, these results suggest that Acer tegmentosum extracts could have antioxidant activities and the hypolipidemic effects in liver tissue by its phenolic compounds.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.112-116
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• 2006

This study investigated the effect of physical training on the utilization and recuperation of stored fuel with exercise in rats. For physical training, animals were exercised on treadmill for 30 minutes everyday. Forty eight rats were given either a physical training or no training for 4 weeks and were then subdivided into 3 groups: before-exercise (BE); during-exercise (DE); after-exercise (AE). The DE group was exercised on treadmill for 1 hour just before being sacrificed Animals in the AE group were allowed to take a rest for 2 hours after being exercised like the DE group. Glucose and free fatty acids were compared in plasma. Glycogen and triglycerides were compared in liver and skeletal muscle. Protein were compared in plasma, liver and skeletal muscle of rats. Plasma glucose levels of trained group were not significantly different from those of non-trained group. Muscle glycogen levels of trained group were significantly higher than those of non-trained group. Liver glycogen level of trained group was also significantly higher than that of non-trained group in DE while was not significantly different from those of non-trained group in BE and AF. Plasma free fatty acid levels of trained group were significantly higher than those of non-trained group in BE and AE. Muscle triglyceride levels of trained group tended to be higher than those of non-trained group in BE and DE and significantly higher than those of non-trained group in AF. Plasma and muscle protein levels of trained group were not significantly different from those of non-trained group. liver protein levels of trained group were not significantly different from those of non-trained group in BE and DE but were significantly higher than that of non-trained group in AE. Thus, it is suggested that an even moderate physical training may delay the onset of fatigue and improve exercise performance by facilitating the mobilization and oxidation of fat and conserving limited carbohydrate store.