• 생명과학회지
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• 제32권7호
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• pp.542-549
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• 2022

Polymethoxyflavones (PMFs)는 주로 감귤류에서 발견되는 플라보노이드로 다양한 생리활성을 나타낸다고 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 제주재래귤인 진귤(Citrus sunki Hort. ex Tanaka)에서 PMFs를 다량 함유하는 분획물(PMFs-rich fraction, PRF)을 획득하는 방법을 확립하여 3T3-L1 세포에서 지방대사에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. PRF는 3T3-L1 전구지방세포의 지방생성(lipogenesis)을 농도 의존적으로 억제하였다. PRF는 peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor 𝛾 (PPAR𝛾)와 CCAAT/enhancer binding protein 𝛼 (CEBP𝛼) 발현을 억제함으로써 fatty acid synthase (FAS), adipocyte fatty-acid-binding protein 2 (aP2)의 발현을 억제하여 지방생성을 억제함을 확인할 수 있었다. 성숙한 3T3-L1 지방세포에 PRF를 처리하면, cAMP 의존성 protein kinase A (PKA)/sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (HSL)의 활성화가 일어나 지방분해(lipogenesis)는 촉진됨을 확인할 수 있었다. 그리고 PRF는 AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC)의 인산화를 증가시켜 지방산화를 촉진할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 이 연구결과는 진귤 잎 유래 PRF는 3T3-L1 전구지방세포의 분화를 억제하고 성숙한 지방세포에서 지방분해 및 지방산 산화를 촉진하는 활성을 나타내어 항비만 소재로서의 활용가능성을 제시하였다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제45권9호
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• pp.1083-1089
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• 2002

목 적 : 지속적으로 증가하는 소아 비만은 성인 비만으로 이행되기 쉽고 합병증으로 고혈압, 지방간, 동맥경화증이 동반될 수 있다. Carnitine은 장쇄 지방산이 미토콘드리아로 이동할 때 필요한 조효소로 지방산 대사에서 중요한 역할을 한다. 지방간을 가진 비만 소아에서 혈중 지방산과 carnitine 농도를 측정함으로써 L-carnitine을 임상적으로 비만 치료에 적용할 수 있는지를 알아보고자 본 연구를 실시하였다. 방 법 : 7-18세의 지방간으로 진단받은 비만아 9명과 정상 대조군 소아 10명을 대상으로 하였다. 혈장을 sodium borate를 섞어 원심분리 후 하층을 methylene chloride를 이용하여 계층 분리하였고, MSTFA와 acetonitrile을 넣고 유도체화 반응을 시켰다. GC-MS 자동 분석기로 혈청 지방산 fraction을 정량 분석하였고, carnitine(free, acyl, total)은 cycling technique을 이용하여 415 nm에서 정량 분석하였다. 결 과 : 혈중 총 지방산은 지방간이 동반된 비만아 군에서 대조군에 비해 유의하게 증가하였고 특히 장쇄 지방산(myristic acid, palmitoleic acid, palmitic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid, stearic acid)이 의미 있게 증가되어 있었다. 총 carnitine과 유리 carnitine 농도가 비만아에서 정상아에 비해 유의하게 증가하였으나 acyl carnitine은 유의한 차이가 없었다. 결 론 : 지방간이 동반된 비만아에서 장쇄 지방산이 뚜렷이 증가되었으며, 비만아군에서 정상아에 비해 혈청 carnitine이 증가되어 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이것을 기초로 하여 비만아에서 L-carnitine 투여 후 지방산 대사의 변화에 대해 추후에 연구할 예정이다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.285-291
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• 1998

This study was designed to examine the effects of polyundaturated fatty acid(PUFA) from different sourecs on hepatic lipogenic enzyme and peroxisomal ${\beta}$-oxidation in murine hepatocarcinogenesis initiated by diethylnitrodamine (DEN). Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed one of three diets containing 10%(w/w)fat; fish oil-corn oil blended(FO), corn oil-beef tallow-fish oil blended(CF), or corn oil-beef tallow-perilla oil blended (CP), from the gestation period. At 10 weeks, animals were received a single inraperitoneal injection of DEN (200mg/kg body weight), were subjected to two-thirds partial hepatectomy 3 weeks later and were sacrificed 8 weeks after DEN initiation. The areas of placental glutathione S-transferase (GST-P) positive foci were significantly smaller in rats fed fish oil containing diets (FO and CF) than those fed CP diet. Fish oil feeding significantly decreased th activities of lipogenic enzyme. Rats fed fish oil containing diets (FO, CF) exhibited the lower fatty acid synthase (FAS) activity than those fed CP diet and FAS activity was positively correlated with areas of GSP-P positivie foci. Glucose-6-phophate dehydrogenase activity was the lowest and peroxisomal ${\beta}$-oxidation was stimulated in rats fed FO diet compared to other groups. It was also found that serum cholesterol was decreased in FO group. Therefore, the preventive effect against hepatocarcinogenesis and hypolipidemic effect of fish oil can be explained partly by suppression of the hepatic lipogenesis and by increase of peroxisomal ${\beta}$-oxidation.

• 운동영양학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.51-57
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• 2009

The aim of this study was to investigate gene expression related with lipid metabolism and long chain fatty acid oxidation rates in the skeletal muscle by exercise. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control (CON: n=7), high-intensity (HI-EX: n=7) and low-intensity exercise (LI-EX; n=7) groups. Rats in LI-Ex group were forced to run on the treadmill at the speed of 10m/min for 60 min. On the other hand, rats in the HI-Ex group were forced to run on the treadmill slope 0 at the speed of 25 m/min for 60 min. The palmitate oxidation rate of the RG was increased immediately and 1 hr after exercise in the HI-Ex group, and the HI-Ex group was higher than in the LI-Ex group in RG and WG. Expression of PPARα of the RG in HI-Ex groups was increased compared with control immediately after exercise. FAT/CD36 expression were not shown any significant effect by exercise. AMPK expression of the RG in the HI-Ex group was significently increased immediately after exercise compared with control. The change in CPT-1 expression of the RG in the HI-Ex group showed a similar pattern to that AMPK. In the summary, the gene expression of PPARα, AMPK and CPT1 that was related lipid metabolism was not significantly affected by low-intensity exercise, but effected by high-intensity exercise. In conclusion, exercise intensity and amounts might be have very important role to regulate gene expression related with metabolism.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.697-705
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• 1989

생 율무가루와 가공(침지, 증자, 건조)된 율무가루를 $5^{\circ}C$ 및 $35^{\circ}C$에서 6개월 동안 저장하면서 지방질에 있는 지방산 조성의 변화를 조사하였다. 각 획분별 지방질의 주요지방산은 oleic, linoleic, palmitic acid였으며, stearic 및 linolenic acid도 소량으로 함유되어 있었다. $35^{\circ}C$에서 저장하는 동안에 linoleic acid의 조성비는 감소하였으며 상대적으로 oleic 및 palmitic acid의 조성비는 증가하였으나, $5^{\circ}C$에서는 거의 변화가 없었으며, 생 율무가루가 가공된 율무가루보다도 더욱 현저하게 변화하였다. TG에 함유된 지방산 조성의 변화는 중성지방질과 거의 유사하였으며, 유리지방산은 $35^{\circ}C$에서 저장한 것이 $5^{\circ}C$에서 저장한 것보다 oleic acid를 많이 함유한 반면, linoleic acid를 적게 함유하였으며 이러한 현장은 생 시료에서 더 현저하였다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.35-39
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• 1998

The cell membrane properties in relation to flesh browning of Fuyu persimmon fruits during CA storage were studied. Compared to intact fruits, the flesh tissue of browned fruits showed higher rate of electrolyte leakage, indicating incresed membrane permeability. It could be assumed that the increased membrane permeability results in 1eakage of phenolic compounds from vacuole and their oxidation by contacting with PPO, inducing finally the development of flesh browning. In addition, lower content of fatty acids and higher saturation rate of them were found in browned fruits. In conculusion, it was suggested that the inhibited fatty acid metabolism and fatty acid saturation during CA storage cause membrane Permeability to increase.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권12호
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• pp.1764-1769
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• 2000

The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the antioxidant effect of nitrite on total, neutral, and polar lipids and fatty acid composition in laboratory-cooked ground pork. Muscle samples (Biceps femoris) were analyzed using Iatroscan, gas chromatography, phosphorus content, and TBARS value. The total and neutral lipid contents of muscle were higher in nitrite-untreated meat (0 ppm) than in nitrite-treated meat (100 ppm) but the reverse was observed for polar lipid contents. The results for neutral lipids showed a similar trend when compared with total lipids. Polyunsaturated fatty acids contents of total, neutral and polar lipid in 100 ppm treated meat were higher than that of 0 ppm. The phosphorus content was higher in 100 ppm meat than in 0 ppm but the reverse was observed for TBARS value. These results showed that the addition of 100 ppm nitrite to ground pork resulted in a remarkable antioxidant effect during refrigeration storage.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.67-73
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• 1995

Effects of tocopherols and $\beta$-carotene on the oxidation of the solid model system of a free fatty acid mixture (64.5% of linolic acid ; 26.4% of oleic acid ; 5.0% of palmitic acid) with tocopherols and $\beta$-carotene were studied. $\alpha$-tocopherol revealed an antioxidant activity at the concentration below 0.05%, however, it showed a prooxidant activity when the concentration was higher than 0.05%. The antioxidant activity of ${\gamma}$ -tocopherol was not affected by the concentrations in the range of 0.01~0.10% in the model and ${\gamma}$-tocopherol showed higher antioxidant activity than that of $\alpha$-tocopherol. It seemed that $\alpha$-tocopherol was unstable compared to ${\gamma}$-tocopherol during oxidation. $\beta$-carotene showed a weak antioxidative activity at the initial stage of this system while $\beta$-carotene showed a prooxidant activity in the presence of tocopherol. $\beta$ -carotene was highly susceptible to autoxidative degradation during oxidation.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.415-420
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• 2007

The aim of this study was to determine the various bioactive components of five olive oil varieties, as well as to assess their contribution to the oxidative stability of the oils. Fatty acids, ${\alpha}$-tocopherol, ${\beta}$-carotene, total flavonoids, total phenols, and certain phenolic compounds of extra virgin olive oils (EVOO; blended, arbequina, hojiblanca, and picual) and pure olive oil (POO) were examined. Oxidation stability was evaluated by the peroxide value (POV). The total content of all the studied antioxidant compounds was significantly higher in the EVOOs than the POO (p<0.05). Among the EVOOs, picual had the highest levels of ${\alpha}$-tocopherol ($10.18{\pm}0.40\;mg/100\;g$), ${\beta}$-carotene ($557{\pm}8\;{\mu}g/100\;g$), and total phenols ($110.7{\pm}1.3\;mg/g$), which correlated strongly with antioxidative capacity. Furthermore, the lowest POV occurred in picual EVOO and correlated with the highest monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA, C16:1 and C18:1) and lowest polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA, C18:2 and C18:3) compositions, suggesting the ratio of MUFA to PUFA is a critical parameter for the oxidative stability of olive oil. Our results indicate that the oxidative stability and antioxidant potential of EVOO depends not only on the antioxidant vitamins, but also on the amount of phenolic compounds and fatty acid profile of the oil.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.60-66
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• 1995

The oxidation of purified pinenut oil containing various concentration of tocopherols and β-carotene were studied. α-tocopherol revealed an antioxidant activity at the concentration of lower than 0.05%, however, it showed a prooxidant activity when the concentration was higher than 0.05%. The antioxidant activity of γ-tocopherol was not affected by the concentraitons in the range of 0.01∼0.10% in pinenut oil. γ -Tocopherol resulted in higher antioxidant activity than that of α-tocopherol. β -carotene seemed to be a prooxidant when 0.01% of β-carotene was added. The fatty acids composition of purified pinenut oil have been changed during autoxidation. The concentration of linoleic acid decreased readly while oleic acid seemed to increase. And the concentration of saturated fatty acid has'nt been changed much during autoxidation.