• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.344-347
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• 2012

The basic strength of the MgO catalyst was enhanced by impregnating it with KF to synthesize a highly active catalyst for the bio-diesel production. To increase basicity, KF impregnated on synthesized MgO in laboratory. The synthesized catalyst was characterized using $N_2$ adsorption-desorption, X-Ray diffraction, X-Ray fluorescence, and $CO_2$ temperature programmed desorption analyses. Bio-diesel was produced from soybean and methanol and its fatty acid methyl ester content was measured to evaluate the activity of the catalyst. The catalyst impregnated with 30 wt% KF exhibited the highest activity, which was attributed to its abundant intermediate base site.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.10
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• pp.3059-3064
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• 2013

In this study transesterification of Triglycerides (TG) from Jatropha curcas oil (JCO) with methanol for production of biodiesel was investigated over cerium impregnated ZSM-5 catalysts. NaZSM-5 was synthesized in an alkaline medium and impregnated with cerium oxide by wet method using cerium nitrate as a source for cerium. They were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimeteric analysis (TGA), $CO_2$-temperature programmed desorption, and $N_2$ adsorption/desorption analysis. XRD analysis showed decrease in intensity of the patterns with the increase in the ceria loading but crystallization of ceria to larger size is an evident for 10 and 15% loading. The optimal yield of transesterification process was found to be 90% under the following conditions: oil to methanol molar ratio: 1:12; temperature: $60^{\circ}C$; time: 1 h; catalyst: 5 wt %. Here the yield of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) was calculated through $^1H$ NMR analysis. The investigation on catalyst loading, temperature, time and reusability illustrated that these ceria impregnated NaZSM-5's were found to be selective, recyclable and could yield biodiesel at low temperature with low methanol to oil ratio due to the presence of both Lewis and Bronsted basicity. Hence, from the above study it is concluded that ceria impregnated ZSM-5 could be recognized as a potential catalysts for biodiesel production in industrial processes.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.484-492
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• 2015

As our government is actively introducing the RPS (Renewable Portfolio Standards) as a national renewable energy obligation policy, power producers are using the various renewable energy to meet the RPS supply quota since 2012. Recently, it is appling to use power bio-fuel oil in bio-fuel oil demonstration project with power companies. In general, power bio-fuel oils are composed of mixture products of vegetable oil, animal fat, fatty acid ester and waste oil. It is already developing for a power plant as a renewable energy abroad. In Korea, it is studying a 100% combustion and blended combustion of heavy fuel oil and bio-fuel oil. In this study, we investigated fuel characteristics of mixed power bio-fuel oil and its emission performance. Especially, it was reduced emissions of bio-oil in industrial boilers due to bio-fuel properties as compare with fuel oil.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.251-255
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• 2003

The bacterial compositions of seven hot-pepper sown soil were compared in this study. From the 624 isolates, 95 species and 49 genera were identified by fatty acid methyl ester analysis (FAME). The FAME results of seven soil showed two distinct clusters for aerobic and Gram-negative bacteria in the high productivity and monoculture soil samples. While Arthrobacter ($17\%$), Kocuria ($11\%$), Pseudomonas ($8\%$), and Bacillus ($8\%$) were predominant among bacteria which were cultured on heterotrophic (YG) agar medium, Pseudomonas ($56\%$), Stenotrophomonas ($16\%$), and Burkholderia ($8\%$) were predominant on crystal violet agar medium. Shannon Weaver indices (H) indicated that colonies obtained from heterotrophic agar medium (3.1) were found to be more diverse than those obtained from the crystal violet media (1.9). The results suggest that FAME analysis may be a potential indicator for of soil quality.

• New & Renewable Energy
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.30-37
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• 2012

Biodiesel was produced by "transesterification" of vegetable oils and animal fats as an alternative to petroleum diesel. The research analysed the fuel characteristics of biodiesel, the yield of by-products and biodiesel, using several vegetable oils - rapeseed oil, camellia oil, peanut oil, sesame oil, perilla oil, palm oil, olive oil, soybean oil, sunflower oil and animal fats such as lard, tallow, and chicken fat. The results showed the yields of biodiesel made from the vegetable oils and animal fats were $90.8{\pm}1.4{\sim}96.4{\pm}0.9%$ and $84.9{\pm}1.1{\sim}89.6{\pm}1.5%$ respectively. Production rates and oxidation characteristics were different depending on the fats applied.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.60-66
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• 2001

Allylaliphatic carboxylate oligomers were prepared from polymerization giving allyl aliphatic carboxylates in the presence of potassium persulfate in methanol and the ${\alpha}-sulfonation$ of these allyl aliphatic carboxylates oligomers were carried by direct addition of dry sulfur trioxide. The dispersing performance of oligomer type anionic surfactants and SDS in the aqueous suspension of $Fe_{2}O_{3}$ and $Tio_{2}$ particles were evaluated by particle size distribution and ${\zeta}-potential$ measurement. As results, the particles of $Fe_{2}O_{3}$ and $Tio_{2}$ were flocculated by addition of small amount of oligomer type anionic surfactants and SDS, then the flocks redispersed by more addition oligomer type anionic surfactants and SDS. The dispersion and flocculation were observed in lower concentration range of oligomer type anionic surfactants than SDS.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.30 no.7
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• pp.537-545
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• 2021

This study aimed to investigate the improvement effect of 5% (w/w) mung bean (Phaseolus aureus L.) on lipid composition and protein concentration in hyperlipidemic rats. Seven-week-old male (Sprague-Dawley) rats were divided into four groups (n=6, each), and fed experimental diets containing mung bean meal [basal diet+5% (w/w) mung bean (BM), basal-hyperlipidemic diet+5% (w/w) mung bean (BHM)], basal-hyperlipidemic diet (BH), and control (basal diet, BD). Lipid composition in the mung bean diet groups (BM and BHM) evidenced significant reductions in serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, atherosclerotic index, cardiac risk factor, triglyceride, phospholipid, free cholesterol, cholesteryl ester, blood glucose, nonesterified fatty acid, and an elevation in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The serum albumin/globulin ratio was increased in mung bean diet-supplemented rats compared to that in hyperlipidemic rats (p < 0.05). Total calcium, phosphorus and potassium concentrations in sera were higher in the BM, BHM and BD groups than in the BH group. Concentrations of sodium and chlorine in sera were lower in the mung bean diet-supplemented groups than in the hyperlipidemic group. The in vivo experiments showed that ingestion of mung bean was effective in improving lipid composition, protein concentration, and blood glucose.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.205-209
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• 2018

The spectral composition of light can affect the growth and biochemical composition of photosynthetic microalgae. This study examined the use of light filtering through a solution of soluble colored additives, a cost-effective method to alter the light spectrum, on the growth and lipid production of an oleaginous microalga, Nannochloropsis gaditana (N. gaditana). Cells were photoautotrophically cultivated under a white light emitting diode (LED) alone (control) or under a white LED that passed through a solution of red and yellow color additive (4:1 ratio) that blocked light below 600 nm. The specific growth rate was significantly greater under filtered light than white light ($0.2672d^{-1}$ vs. $0.1930d^{-1}$). Growth under filtered light also increased the fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) yield by 22.4% and FAME productivity by 80.0%, relative to the white light control. In addition, the content of saturated fatty acids was greater under filtered light, so the biodiesel products had better stability. These results show that passing white light through an inexpensive color filter can simultaneously enhance cellular growth and lipid productivity of N. gaditana. This approach of optimizing the light spectrum may be applicable to other species of microalgae.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.144-156
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• 2016

Soil is a dynamic biological system, in which it is difficult to determine the composition of microbial communities. Knowledge of microbial diversity and function in soils are limited because of the taxonomic and methodological limitations associated with studying the organisms. In this review, approaches to measure microbial diversity in soil were discussed. Research on soil microbes can be categorized as structural diversity, functional diversity and genetic diversity studies, and these include cultivation based and cultivation independent methods. Cultivation independent technique to evaluate soil structural diversity include different techniques such as Phospholipid Fatty Acids (PLFA) and Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) analysis. Carbon source utilization pattern of soil microorganisms by Community Level Physiological Profiling (CLPP), catabolic responses by Substrate Induced Respiration technique (SIR) and soil microbial enzyme activities are discussed. Genetic diversity of soil microorganisms using molecular techniques such as 16S rDNA analysis Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) / Temperature Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (TGGE), Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (T-RFLP), Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism (SSCP), Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) / Amplified Ribosomal DNA Restriction Analysis (ARDRA) and Ribosomal Intergenic Spacer Analysis (RISA) are also discussed. The chapter ends with a final conclusion on the advantages and disadvantages of different techniques and advances in molecular techniques to study the soil microbial diversity.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.471-476
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• 2011

Nowadays biodiesel (fatty acid methyl ester, FAME) has been becoming an important issue as a desired alternative of energy products because of non-toxic, biodegradable properties, and lower exhaust emissions. During esterification of fatty acids or transesterification of oils and fats with short chain alcohols by the alkali-catalyzed methanolysis, FAME and unrefined glycerol are generated. Quantification of glycerol as a by-product is important because of a determinant of biodiesel quality. However, the glycerol analysis by gas chromatography (GC) method has laborious works with sample preparation, long time and cost of sample analysis. Thus, there is a need to analyze glycerol more simply. Herein we demonstrate that the colorimetric assay for glycerol analysis conducted by UV-vis spectrophotometer at the wavelength 617 nm whose peak is maximum intensity of malachite green, resulting in the red-shift occurred proportionally as a function of glycerol amount. Thus, it is considered the solvent media for malachite green fading for biodiesel production: (1) water, (2) MeOH, and (3) EtOH. The resulting findings show that the peak intensity at 617 nm in glycerol-malachite green mixture had a relationship between glycerol concentration and degree of peak shift as increase in pure glycerol concentration approximately at pH 7.0. However, when it was measured the unrefined glycerol concentration by diluting and adjusting with water to buffer (pH 7.0), it was not observed the absorption peak at 617 nm because of impurities and OH ions. In case of glycerol from biodiesel production factories, glycerol concentration could be successfully measured.