• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.192-197
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• 2000

To develop plain dried products of large anchovy, Engraulis japonica, lipid oxidation during drying of large anchovy and optimal drying condition were investigated. The moisture contents of large anchovy on 7 hrs dryness were $ 9.0{\%},\;34.0{\%},\;38.0{\%} and\;38.8{\%}\;in\;60^{\circ}C$ hot-air drying (wind velocity, 1.4m/sec), $40^{\circ}C$ hot-air drying (wind velocity, 1.4 m/sec), sun drying($30{\pm}5^{\circ}C$) and $20^{\circ}C$ cold-air drying (wind velocity, 3.1 m/sec), respectively. The cold-air drying depressed remarkably the lipid oxidation of large anchovy during drying, resulting from AV, POV, COV and the formation of browning pigment. The fatty acid composition of large anchovy was $35.8{\%} in saturates, 20.0{\%} in monoenes and 44.2{\%}$ in polyenes. Saturates and monoenes were increased in proportion to the increase of drying time, while polyenes were decreased. The contents of 20 : 5 and 22 : 6 of polyenes were decreased remarkably in proportion to the progress of lipid oxidation, while 14 : 0, 16 : 0, 16 : 1 and 18 : 1 of saturates and monoenes were increased. The changes in fatty acid compositions by drying conditions were remarkably clarified in sun drying, followed by $60^{\circ}C$ hot-air drying $40^{\circ}C$ hot-air drying and $20^{\circ}C$ cold-air drying in order.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.142-147
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• 2009

The effects of short-term waterlogging on physiological responses, fatty acid compositions and yield components of rapeseed at both the vegetative growth and the reproductive growth stages were assessed in this study. Waterlogged plants were treated for a period of 10 days at the vegetative growth stage and 4 days at the reproductive growth stage. The results show that photosynthesis and stomatal conductance at both the vegetative growth and the reproductive growth stage were significantly reduced during the waterlogging period and after the recovery period. When the plants were removed from water, photosynthesis and stomatal conductance progressively restored similar values to those of control plants within $2{\sim}3$ days. Fatty acid compositions were unaffected by waterlogging treatment. However, yield components (pod number and pod length) of the waterlogged treated plants at the reproductive growth stage were significantly reduced. These results suggest that short-term waterlogging may thus influence oilseed yield component.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 1992

Chemical composition was determined to evaluate the quality of Panel ginseng-leaf tea over green teas. Ginseng-leaf tea was shown to contain higher contents of soluble matter, ascorbic acid and lower contents of tannins, as compared to tea leaves. The profiles of ginsenoside and sugar of ginseng-leaf tea were noticeably different from those of ginseng roots and the sample maintained high levels of these components under the manufacturing process. Total unsaturated fatty acids and free amino acids were estimated to be decreased in ginseng-leaf tea as compared to those of ginseng leaves. The compositions of amino acids and minerals in ginseng-leaf tea were similar to those of tea leaves and glutamic acid, aspartic acid, leucine, calcium, potassium, sodium, and copper were found to be major components.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Applied Microbiology Conference
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• 1979.10a
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• pp.244.1-244
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• 1979

An attempt was made to produce by using Rh. gracilis (NRRL Y-1091) in the same wav as currently considered siglecell protein production. The lipid content of Rh. gracilis were 56.9％ of dry weight. Economic coefficient (E. C.) and fat coefficient (F. C.) were 31.3 and 17.8, respectivelv. The lipid and fats extracted from Rh. gracilis were characterized as following: Specific gravity 0.875, A.V. 42.5, S.V. 220, I.V. 57.7, Phospholipid 1.58, Unsaponifiables 25.5, Volatile matter 18.7. Fatty acid composition of the lipids were analvzed by HPLC. In addition to the lipid analvsis, proteins were extracted from defatted Rh. gracilis and their amino acid compositions were examined by amino acid analyzer.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.683-688
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• 1999

In deuterium NMR spectra of phosphatidylethanolamine bilayers with an extremely high content of saturated fatty acids, each C1 deuteron of the glycerol backbone gave rise to a doublet. This suggests the presence of two backbone conformations, the exchange between which is slow on an NMR time scale. The origin of the two conformations has been investigated in this work using saturated 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine specifically deuterated in the glycerol backbone. The results showed that the two conformations originate from different domains, which have different fatty acid compositions. The differential scanning calorimetry of the bilayers suggested that the size of the domain is not large enough to show an independent phase transition. Thus, the formation of microdomains in the phosphatidylethanolamine bilayers has been concluded. Conformational difference in different domains was shown to be restricted to the C1 position of the glycerol backbone. The microdomains of phosphatidylethanolamine were retained even in the presence of other phospholipids.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.283-289
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• 1998

To determine the differences among cultivated , non-cultivated and imported bupleurum falcatum, contents and compositions of fatty acids and saikosaponins which are known as a major biologically acitive compounds in Bupleurum falcatum were meausred with GC and HPLC. Color of grinded powder of Bupleuri radix determined by colorimeter showed that the imported one has the highest white and yellow coloer Among the Bupleuri radix cultivated in China, Hong-siho(red-Bupleurum) produced in Yungil Province contained the highest red color. Cultivated Korean Bupleurum radix contained higher saikosaponi a, c, and than the imported ones which were cultivated in Yungil, Ankuk , and Gillium Province in China. Levels of saikosaponin c are 3 times higher in cultivated Korean Bupleuria radix compared the with imported ones. Furthermore, Bupleurum falcatum cultivated in Korea contained higher amount of palmitic and linoleic acids than those of improted and non-cultivated ones. Particularly they contain two to six times higher linoleic acid.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.434-447
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• 2014

Though the edible bovine by-products are widely used for human consumption in most countries worldwide but the scientific information regarding the nutritional quality of these by-products is scarce. In the present study, the basic information regarding the yields, physicochemical and nutritional compositions of edible Hanwoo bovine by-products was studied. Our results showed that the yields, physicochemical and nutritional composition widely varied between the by-products examined. The highest pH values were found in rumen, reticulum, omasum and reproductive organ. Heart, liver, kidney and spleen had the lowest CIE $L^*$ values and highest CIE $a^*$ values. Liver had the highest vitamin A, B2 and niacin contents whereas the highest B1 and B5 contents were found in kidney. The highest Ca content was found in rumen, reticulum, omasum, head and leg while the highest Mn and Fe contents were found in rumen, omasum and spleen, respectively. Liver had the highest Cu content. Total essential amino acids (EAA)/amino acids (AA) ratios ranged between the by-products from 38.37% to 47.41%. Total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) levels ranged between the by-products from 2.26% to 26.47%, and most by-products showed favorable PUFA/SFA ratios. It is concluded that most of by-products examined are good sources of essential nutrients and these data will be of great importance for promotion of consumption and utilization of beef by-products in future.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.323-331
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• 2005

Fatty acid compositions of the seed oils of P. schinseng, A. continentalis and A. sessiliflorus, were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) equipped with a capillary column. A large unusual peak was observed just before the peak corresponding to oleic acid $(cis-9-C_{18:1})$. This unknown fatty acid was isolated by silver ion chromatography and then derivatized into the picolinyl ester. The mass spectrum of the picolinyl ester showed molecular ion at m/z=373 with other diagnostic ions such as m/z=178, 218, 232, 246, 274, 288, 302 and 344. Characteristic absorption peaks at $720\;cm^{-1}$, $1640\;cm^{-1}$ and $3010\;cm^{-1}$ in IR spectrum indicated the presence of cis-configurational double bond in the molecule. The $^1H-NMR$ spectrum of this acid gave two quintets centered at ${\delta}1.638$ (2H, C-3) and ${\delta}1.377$ (2H, C-4), and two multiplets centered at ${\delta}2.022{\sim}2.047$ (2H, C-5) and ${\delta}2.000{\sim}2.022$ (2H, C-8), and multiplet signals of olefinic protons centered at ${\delta}5.3015{\sim}5.3426$ (C-6, J=9.5 Hz) and ${\delta}\;5.3465{\sim}5.3877$ (C-7, J=9.5 Hz). The $^13C-NMR$ spectrum showed 18 carbon resonance signals including an overlapped signal at ${\delta}29.7002$ for C-12 and ${\delta}29.6520$ for C-13 (or they can be reversed), and other highly resolved signals at ${\delta}33.950$, ${\delta}24.558$, ${\delta}26.773$ and ${\delta}27.205$ due to C-2, C-3, C-5 and C-8 of a ${\Delta}^6-octadecenoic$ acid, respectively. From analysis results this unknown fatty acid could be identified as cis-6-octadecenoic acid. The seed oils of P. schinseng and A. sessiliflorus contained petroselinic acid (59.7%, 56.0%), oleic acid (18.3%, 6.1%) and linoleic acid (16.2%, 30.4%) with small amount of palmitic acid (3.0%, 3.1%) while the seed oil of A. continentalis comprised mainly oleic acid (30.2%), petroselinic acid (29.0%), linoleic acid (24.1%) and palmitic acid (13.1%).

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.517-522
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• 2001

To Confirm the repression of off-odor and improvement of food quality in small black bean chungkugjang (SBC), some taste compounds of SBC added with kiwi and radish homogenate and fermented fro 3 days at 42$^{\circ}C$ were investigated. Contents of free amino acids in SBC were lower than that of soybean chungkugjang (SC) and were increased by adding kiwi and radish homogenate to black bean, indicating that two materials were effective to the enzymatic digestibility of soy protein. Of organic acids, citric acid was the most abundant, followed by acetic acid and lactic acid. Fatty acid composition was high in the order of linoleic acid (50.82~54.51%), oleic acid (17.76%~22.10%) and plamitic acid(12.13~13.79%). There were no significant difference in compositions of organic acids and fatty acids of chungkugjang. Major volatile compounds of SBC were indole , 2-5-dimethyl pyrazine and trimethyl pyrazine. Contents of alkyl pyrazines that contribute the characteristic aroma and flavor of SBC added and fermented with kiwi and radish homogenate were 3 times lower than those of SC. Uracil and UMP were major nucleic acie-drlated compounds in all four chungkugjangs. Contents of the other nucleic acid-related compounds were a similar trend in all chungkugjangs.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.541-549
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• 2015

This study compares the major nutritional components of the leaf, flesh, and seed of dry loquat (Eriobotrya japonicaLindl.). Among proximate compositions, the crude fat, crude ash, and dietary fiber of the leaf exceeded those of the seed and flesh, whereas the carbohydrate content of the leaf was lower than that of the seed and flesh. The main component of free sugars in the leaf, flesh, and seed was fructose. Total amino acids of the leaf, flesh, and seed were 552.43, 63.00, and 260.29 mg%, respectively. Although the amino acid composition of the leaf, flesh, and seed varied, glutamic acid and ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid were the major amino acids in the leaf, flesh, and seed. Major fatty acids of total lipid were oleic acid and stearic acid in the leaf and seed, and the major acid was linoleic acid in the flesh. Major organic acids were oxalic acid in the leaf, maleic acid in the flesh, and citric acid in the seed. Vitamin C content was higher in the seed than in the leaf and flesh.