• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.11-32
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• 2002

This article evaluates the existing subjective measures that have been utilized in surface transportation to assess various aspects of operator status such as fatigue, sleepiness, arousal, mood, etc. Specifically, the representative six subjective instruments - Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Karolinska Sleepiness Scale, Pearson and Byars Fatigue Checklist, Stanford Sleepiness Scale, Stress-Arousal Checklist, and NPRU Mood Scale - are compared and contrasted in terms of reliability, . validity, sensitivity, and appropriateness for application. Recommendations for application of the subjective measures in surface transportation are discussed.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.310-319
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to investigate the degree of fatigue and its related factors in patients with breast cancer. Method: The subjects of this study consisted of 62 breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. The Revised Piper Fatigue Scale, Disruption of Usual Activity Scale, Linear Analogue Self Assessment Scale and Self-Care Diary Scale were employed to measure fatigue, disruption of usual activity, mood state and physical symptom respectively. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS-PC to obtain summary statistics for the descriptive analysis, Pearson Correlation, and Stepwise Multiple Regression. Result: The results are as follows. 1. The mean score of the degree of fatigue was 4.82 points indicating moderate level. 2. The mean score of the degree of disruption of usual activity, mood state and physical symptom were 2.66, 5.00, and 4.69 points. 3. Fatigue of the subjects was significantly correlated with disruption of usual activity(r=.517, p<.01), mood state(r=.420, p<.01) and physical symptom(r=.463, p<.01). 4. With the result of stepwise multiple regression, disruption of usual activity, mood state and physical symptom being the three variables which could explain fatigue by 39.1%. The results of this study suggest that comprehensive intervention strategy for fatigue should be developed to maintain quality of life during and following chemotherapy considering these factors.

• Asian Oncology Nursing
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.97-106
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• 2005

Purpose: This descriptive correlation study was to identify the influencing factors on fatigue of patients undergoing radiotherapy for breast cancer. Method: One hundred twenty-six breast cancer patients were recruited from a radiotherapy clinic of two university hospitals. Data were collected using a package of questionnaires consisting of the Symptom Experience Scale, mood disturbance scale, and Social Support Scale. Results: The mean score of the fatigue, physical status, emotional status, and social support was 4.18, 21.96, 100.95, and 3.70, respectively. Family support and health profession support were 3.94 and 3.47, respectively. Fatigue and physical status, fatigue and emotional status, physical status and emotional status were found to have statistically positive correlations. But emotional status and social support were found to have statistically negative correlation. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that the influencing factors on fatigue were emotional status, marital status, and physical status which explained 64.4% fatigue of breast cancer patients.

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.179-188
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• 2013

Objectives This study was designed to development the diagnosis indicators for the fatigue group without disease using analysis of questionnaire data. Methods The subjects were divided into three groups, the fatigue group with disease, the fatigue group without disease, non-fatigue group without disease. Thirteen kinds of questionnaire (Fatigue visual analogue scale, Fatigue severity scale, Pain visual analogue scale, Short-form McGill pain questionnaire score, Headache impact Test-6, Neck disability index, Oswestry low back pain disability questionnaire score, Blood stasis assessment scale, Physical activities questionnaire score, Beck depression inventory, Anger expression inventory score, Mood disability scale, Job stress scale) were carried out for the subjects. Results The results of this study are ; 1) The weight, the systolic and diastolic blood pressure were different among three groups. 2) Among nine questionnaires related to the physical or life conditions, the averages of eight questionnaires were not same one another. 3) Among four questionnaires related to the mental condition or autonomic nervous system, the averages of Beck depression inventory were not same one another. Conclusion The fatigue group without disease can be diagnosed through using the both the questionnaires related to the physical or life condition and the those related to the mental condition or autonomic nervous system.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.868-877
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• 1996

This study was done to analyze research trends and to suggest future perspectives for nursing research on fatigue. The author reviewed 31 Korean and foreign research papers which have been published in the literature since 1970. An analysis of the study focused on the type of research subjects, type of study design. measurement instrument, and its correlated parameters. The results of the study are summarized as follows : First, within all of the studies analayzed, 14 studies were publised in Korea and 17 were published abroad. The number of studies done abroad have been increasing rapidly since 1991. Second, an analysis of the research design of the studies showed, eight studies each, Korean and foreign used survey design. Two Korean studies and seven foreign studies used a correlational design. Four comparative studies were done in Korea, but only two experimetal studies were performed abroad. Therefore, it was found that the trend of the study design used is survey design and there are more correlational studies done abroad than in Korea. Third, the type of the study subjects ; 11 Korean and three foreign studies dealt with healthy people. In addition, three Korean and 14 foreign studies investigated patients with various illnesses. It was found that patients with various illnesses were studied more frequently in foreign studies than in Korean studies. Fourth, the measurement tool used in the Korean studies ; 13 studies used a testible tool to assess patients' subjective symtoms or complaints of fatigue. The most commonly used tool used in 10 studies, was the Fatigue Self-Perception Scale, which was designed by the Labor and Health Institute of Japan. The Visual Analogue Scale was used in two studies, and Piper Fatigue Scale, addtional with physiologic parameters, was used in one study. In the foreign studies, subjective measurement tools were used in 16 studies. A combination of a subjective measurement tool with objective parameters was used in ten studies. For the subjective measurement tool used in the foreign studies, a specific measurement tool developed by the researcher which was used in seven studies. Either Rhoten Fatigue Scale or the Visual Analog Scale were used in three studies. Additionally, in order to identify the relationship between fatigue and psychological factors, The Profile of Mood State was used in three studies. Beck Depression Inventory was used in two studies. The Self Rated Depression Scale, developed by Zung, was used in one study and other measurement tools were used to measure various psychological parameters. Rhoten fatigue Checklist was also used to observe behavior patterns. Lastly, nine studies identified correlations between fatigue and other parameters. A significant correlation was found between fatigue and psychological factors such as depression, and pain. As a result of the above findings, it can be said that research trends on fatigue are increasing internationally. The selected study designs are survey studies both in Korea and abroad. There are more correlational studies abroad than in Korea. In addition, subjective measurement tools and objective parameters are used variously and combined with each other. had, there is a significant correlation between fatigue and psychological factors such as depression, and pain. More survey and correlational studies need to be done to identify the relationship of fatigue in patients with various condition or diagnoses and to suggest a scientific basis for nursing interventions with fatigue. Also, a tool to assess patient's subjective, objective, and behavioral aspects on fatigue needs to be developed.

• Asian Oncology Nursing
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.10-18
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was intended to identify the patterns of fatigue and its related factors in patients with stomach cancer during chemotherapy. Methods: Thirty participants (24 males and 6 females) were recruited for this study which utilized a longitudinal and descriptive approach. The research instruments included the Revised Piper Fatigue Scale, Symptom Distress Scale, and Linear Analogue Self Assessment Scale. The participants received 5-FU and Adriamycin at the first week and 5-FU only at the second and third week. The instruments were measured six times in total. The data were analyzed using SPSS 17.0. Results: It was found that fatigue scores in patients with stomach cancer, receiving 5-FU and Adriamycin (FA) regimen, reached the highest level on the third day (F=9.37, p=.024) after the initial infusion, and decreased gradually afterward. The symptom and psychological distress scores illustrated very similar pattern. The concept of multidimensionality of fatigue in patients with stomach cancer was supported in this study, showing that all four dimensions of the scale were positively correlated. Conclusion: The results of this study provided useful information of patients with stomach cancer on fatigue and other related symptoms which they experienced during weekly scheduled chemotherapy with FA regimen.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.23
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• pp.10199-10207
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• 2015

Background: This study was planned in an attempt to develop scales for the assessment of fatigue in pediatric oncology patients aged 7-12 as well as for their parents. Materials and Methods: In collecting the study data, we used the Child and Parent Information Form, Visual Fatigue Scale, Scale for the Assessment of Fatigue in Pediatric Oncology Patients Aged 7-12 and the Scale for the Assessment of Fatigue in Pediatric Oncology Patients Aged 7-12 for Parents. We also used Pearson correlation analysis, the Cronbach Alpha coefficient, Factor Analysis and ROC Analysis for the study data. Results: In this study, the total Cronbach alpha value of the parent form was 0.95, the total factor load was 0.52-0.95 and the total variance being explained was 85.7%. The cutoff point of the parent form was 82 points. The total Cronbach alpha value of the child form was 0.98, the total factor load was 0.71-0.94 and the total variance being explained was 84.7%. The cutoff point of the child form was 75 points. Conclusions: This study suggests that our scales for the assessment of fatigue in pediatric oncology patients aged 7-12 and their parents are valid and reliable instruments.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.53-72
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• 1996

The Purpose of this study was to identify characteristics of fatigue and the relationship between fatigue and related factors in patients on hemodialysis. This study was a survey study using a cross-sectional design. The subjects for this study were 101 patients on hemodialysis who were registered in the six hemodialysis clinics among a total of eleven clinics in Seoul. The period of data collection was from February 28, 1995 to May 2, 1995. Data were collected through an interview with a structured packet and the physiological data. The tools used in this study were the Visual Analogue Scale-Fatigue developed by Lee et al(1990) and translated by Lee(1991), the fatigue interview schedule developed by this researcher, Zung's self rating depression scale(Zung, 1965), the self-efficacy scale developed by Sherer et al(1982) and the Norbeck Social Support Questionnaire(NSSQ) translated by Oh(1984). The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics(mean, standard deviation, frequency, range), Pearson correlation coefficients and Stepwise multiple regression. The results were as follows ; 1. Characteristics of Fatigue of hemodialysis patients : 1) 79 of 101 hemodialysis patients complained fatigue. 2) The mean fatigue score as measured by the VAS-F was 36.2mm. 3) The mean duration of fatigue was 2.9 hours 2. Characteristics of fatigue related factors : 1) The physiologic factor which included Hgb, Hct, BUN, creatinine, potassium and interdialytic weight gain deviated from normal range. 2) The psychological factor which included depression and self-efficacy was about the same level as for patients with other chronic diseases. 3) The environmental factor which included social support had wide variation. 3. The relationship between fatigue and related factors : 1) Interdialytic weight gain in the physiologica factor was the only valuable with fatigue （p＜.05） 2) The relationship between fatigue and the psychological factor of depression showed a positive and strong correlation（p＜.05）. According to the findings of this study, fatigue was highly correlated with the depression. This indicates that nurses should try to assess and control psychological factors when patients complain of fatigue rather than just considering physiological factors. Nursing has to develop effective nursing interventions to reduce fatigue in patients with chronic diseases using the relationship between fatigue and physiological, psychological and environmental factors.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.353-367
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• 2006

Two full-scale, precast, pretensioned box girders were subjected to shear-dominated loading, one under monotonic loads to failure and the other subjected to one-half million cycles of fatigue loads followed by monotonic ultimate loads. The number of cycles was selected to allow for comparison with previous research. The fatigue loads were applied in combination with occasional overloads. In the present study, fatigue loading reduced the shear capacity by only six percent compared to the capacity under monotonic loading. However, previous research on flexure-dominated girders subjected to the same number of repeated loads showed that fatigue loading changed the mode of failure from flexure to shear/flexure and the girder capacity dropped by 14 percent. The comparison of the measured data with calculated shear capacity from five different theoretical methods showed that the ACI code method, the compression field theory, and the modified compression field theory led to reasonable estimates of the shear strength. The truss model led to an overly conservative estimate of the capacity.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.557-568
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• 2012

Purpose: This was a correlation study to identify the relationship of spiritual well-being, hope on fatigue in cancer patients on chemotherapy. Methods: The subjects completed structured questionnaires: the 'Spiritual Well-being Scale', developed by Paloutzian & Ellison, 'Hope Scale', developed by Kim & Lee and 'Fatigue Scale', developed by Mendoza et al. Data were collected from 120 patientsat two general hospitals and were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA & Sheffe's test, Pearson's correlation coefficients and multiple stepwise regression. Results: Participants with higher fatigue had lower scores for hope (r=-.36, p<.001) and lower scores for spiritual well-being (r=-.23, p=.011). Participants with higher scores for hope had higher scores for spiritual well-being (r=.61, p<.001). The factors seen as contributing to fatigue were hope, financial burden of treatment, period of religious life, living with spouse, and reported pain. These variables explained 32.3% of the variance in fatigue. Hope with 13% was the most influential. Conclusion: The fatigue of the cancer patients on chemotherapy can be reduced if hope is improved, and hope can be improved if the spiritual well-being is improved. Therefore, we suggest developing a nursing intervention program that leads to improve hope and spiritual well-being of the cancer patients on chemotherapy for reducing fatigue.