• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.223-229
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• 2012

Clinical and preclinical in vivo immune cell imaging approaches have been used to study immune cell proliferation, apoptosis and interaction at the microscopic (intra-vital imaging) and macroscopic (whole-body imaging) level by use of ex vivo or in vivo labeling method. A series of imaging techniques ranging from non-radiation based techniques such as optical imaging, MRI, and ultrasound to radiation based CT/nuclear imaging can be used for in vivo immune cell tracking. These imaging modalities highlight the intrinsic behavior of different immune cell populations in physiological context. Fluorescent, radioactive or paramagnetic probes can be used in direct labeling protocols to monitor the specific cell population. Reporter genes can also be used for genetic, indirect labeling protocols to track the fate of a given cell subpopulation in vivo. In this review, we summarized several methods dealing with dendritic cell, macrophage, and T lymphocyte specifically labeled for different macroscopic whole-body imaging techniques both for the study of their physiological function and in the context of immunotherapy to exploit imaging-derived information and immune-based treatments.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.104-112
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• 2019

Tracking the fate of individual cells and their progeny through lineage tracing has been widely used to investigate various biological processes including embryonic development, homeostatic tissue turnover, and stem cell function in regeneration and disease. Conventional lineage tracing involves the marking of cells either with dyes or nucleoside analogues or genetic marking with fluorescent and/or colorimetric protein reporters. Both are imaging-based approaches that have played a crucial role in the field of developmental biology as well as adult stem cell biology. However, imaging-based lineage tracing approaches are limited by their scalability and the lack of molecular information underlying fate transitions. Recently, computational biology approaches have been combined with diverse tracing methods to overcome these limitations and so provide high-order scalability and a wealth of molecular information. In this review, we will introduce such novel computational methods, starting from single-cell RNA sequencing-based lineage analysis to DNA barcoding or genetic scar analysis. These novel approaches are complementary to conventional imaging-based approaches and enable us to study the lineage relationships of numerous cell types during vertebrate, and in particular human, development and disease.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.224-233
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• 2019

Nitrogen components in liquid manure can reduce safety and quality of environment harmfully. To minimize the environmental risks of manure, understanding fate of manure in environment is necessary. This study aimed at investigating applicability of a simplified Level III fugacity model for simulating $NH_3-N$ component to analyze environmental fate and transport of $NH_3-N$ in liquid manure and to provide basis for improving management of N in the liquid manure system and for minimizing the environmental impacts of N. The model simulation conducted for four environmental compartments (air, water, soil, and rice plants) during rice-cropping to trace $NH_3-N$ component and provided applicability of the Level III fugacity model in studying the environmental fate of $NH_3-N$ in manure. Most of $NH_3-N$ was found in water body and in rice plants depending upon the physicochemical properties and proper removal processes. For more precise model results, the model is needed to modify with the detailed removal processes in each compartment and to collect proper and accurate information for input parameters. Further study should be about simulations of various N-typed fertilizers to compare with the liquid manure based on a modified and relatively simplified Level III fugacity model.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.111-117
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• 2018

Background Fat grafting, or lipofilling, represent frequent clinically used entities. The fate of these transplants is still not predictable, whereas only few animal models are available for further research. Quantum dots (QDs) are semiconductor nanocrystals which can be conveniently tracked in vivo due to photoluminescence. Methods Fat grafts in cluster form were labeled with cadmium-telluride (CdTe)-QD 770 and transplanted subcutaneously in a murine in vivo model. Photoluminescence levels were serially followed in vivo. Results Tracing of fat grafts was possible for 50 days with CdTe-QD 770. The remaining photoluminescence was $4.9%{\pm}2.5%$ for the QDs marked fat grafts after 30 days and $4.2%{\pm}1.7%$ after 50 days. There was no significant correlation in the relative course of the tracking signal, when vital fat transplants were compared to non-vital graft controls. Conclusions For the first-time fat grafts were tracked in vivo with CdTe-QDs. CdTe-QDs could offer a new option for in vivo tracking of fat grafts for at least 50 days, but do not document vitality of the grafts.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.155-160
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• 2003

This paper presents a multiple face detector based on a robust pupil detection technique. The pupil detector uses active illumination that exploits the retro-reflectivity property of eyes to facilitate detection. The detection range of this method is appropriate for interactive desktop and kiosk applications. Once the location of the pupil candidates are computed, the candidates are filtered and grouped into pairs that correspond to faces using heuristic rules. To demonstrate the robustness of the face detection technique, a dual mode face tracker was developed, which is initialized with the most salient detected face. Recursive estimators are used to guarantee the stability of the process and combine the measurements from the multi-face detector and a feature correlation tracker. The estimated position of the face is used to control a pan-tilt servo mechanism in real-time, that moves the camera to keep the tracked face always centered in the image.