• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.66 no.4
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• pp.834-845
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• 2024

Currently, in pork auctions in Korea, only carcass weight and backfat thickness provide information on meat quantity, while the production volume of primal cuts and fat contents remains largely unknown. This study aims to predict the production of primal cuts in pigs and investigate how these carcass traits affect pricing. Using the VCS2000, the production of shoulder blade, loin, belly, shoulder picnic, and ham was measured for gilts (17,257 pigs) and barrows (16,365 pigs) of LYD (Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc) pigs. Single and multiple regression analysis were conducted to analyze the relationship between the primal cuts and carcass weight. The study also examined the correlation between each primal cut, backfat thickness (1st thoracic vertebra backfat thickness, grading backfat thickness, and Multi-brached muscle middle backfat thickness), pork belly fat percentage, total fat yield, and auction price. A multiple regression analysis was conducted between the carcass traits that showed a high correlation and the auction price. After conducting a single regression analysis on the primal cuts of gilt and barrow, all coefficients of determination (R²) were 0.77 or higher. In the multiple regression analysis, the R² value was 0.98 or higher. The correlation coefficient between the carcass weights and the auction price exceeded 0.70, while the correlation coefficients between the primal cuts and the auction prices were above 0.65. In terms of fat content, the backfat thickness of gilt exhibited a correlation coefficient of 0.70, and all other items had a correlation coefficient of 0.47 or higher. The correlation coefficients between the Forequarter, Middle, and Hindquarter and the auction price were 0.62 or higher. The R² values of the multiple regression analysis between carcass traits and auction price were 0.5 or higher for gilts and 0.4 or higher for barrows. The regression equations between carcass weight and primal cuts derived in this study exhibited high determination coefficients, suggesting that they could serve as reliable means to predict primal cut production from pig carcasses. Elucidating the correlation between primal cuts, fat contents and auction prices can provide economic indicators for pork and assist in guiding the direction of pig farming.

• 축산식품과학과 산업
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.74-83
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• 2018

• Proceedings of the Optical Society of Korea Conference
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• 2006.07a
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• pp.539-540
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• 2006

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.36-44
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to predict measuring site suited for abdominal skin fold thickness (ASFT) by measuring the distribution of abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness (AScFT) and ascertain the correlations among obesity indicators. Methods: The size of analysis materials was 124 secondary data measured by ultrasonic device, bioelectrical impedance analyzer and caliper. Data were analyzed using t-test, and Pearson's correlation. Results: The average of AScFT was 10.63± 6.79mm with its range 1.39-36.16 mm, and AScFT of female and of central parts were thicker than those of male and outer parts in the abdomen. The average of ASFT was 29.26±12.59 mm. Site 5 on Figure 1 was most similar to the average of AScFT in both sexes. Body mass index (BMI) and waist hip ratio (WHR) were 23.65±3.98 and 0.88±0.05 respectively. The body weight, BMI, WHR, visceral fat, ASFT vs AScFT revealed in significant correlation (r= .29, r= .55, r= .39, r= .33. r= .29). Conclusion: BMI and WHR seem more useful than other obesity indicators, when obesity control is necessary for Type 2 diabetes patients. Site 5 on Figure 1 is most suitable site to measure ASFT.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.1409-1414
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• 2006

The objective of this study was to screen single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the chicken lipoprotein lipase gene (LPL), using 545 F1 hybrids developed from $4{\times}4$ diallel crossing of four chicken breeds, and to analyze the associations between polymorphisms of the LPL and chicken fat deposition traits. PCR-SSCP was used to detect SNPs in LPL. Fifteen sets of primers were designed to amplify DNA fragments covering the 5'flanking and coding regions of LPL. It showed that there existed 5 polymorphic loci in the 5'flanking region and coding region, respectively. Association analysis was carried out between 10 polymorphic loci and intermuscular fat width, abdominal fat weight, and thickness of subcutaneous fat using ANCOVA, respectively. The results indicated that, in the 5'flanking region, the loci d and e significantly affected thickness of subcutaneous fat (p<0.05), abdominal fat weight (p<0.01) and subcutaneous fat (p<0.05), while in the coding region, synonymous mutation in exon 8 was significantly associated with intermuscular fat width (p<0.05), however, the non-synonymous mutations in exon 7 and exon 9 did not show statistically significant effects on fat deposition traits in this study.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.1049-1054
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• 2003

A group of Hanwoo (Korean cattle) steers (n=14,386) was sampled from a commercial abattoir located in Seoul over one year period (spring, summer, autumn and winter) and their carcass traits were collected. Carcass traits assessed by an official meat grader comprised degree of marbling, meat color, fat color, texture and maturity for quality grade, and back fat thickness, ribeye area and carcass weight for yield grade. A heavier carcass with a higher marbling score, more red meat color and white fat color received better quality grade (p<0.05). Regression analysis showed that the marbling score was the strongest attribute (partial $R^2=0.88$) for quality grade. Lighter carcasses with a thinner back fat and larger ribeye area received higher yield grade score. The back fat thickness was the most negative determinant of yield grade (Partial $R^2=-0.66$). The slaughter season had a little effect on quality and yield grades. As slaughter weight increased, back fat thickness and ribeye area increased linearly, whereas marbling score reached its asymptotic level at approximately 570 kg. As a consequence, quality grade showed a considerable improvement up to 570 kg, but increases in slaughter weight afterward showed a little benefit on quality grade. There was a clear curvilinear relationship between slaughter weight and yield grade in that the yield grade reached its highest point at approximately 490 kg and decreased afterward. These results suggested that 570kg at the age of 24 months might be the economic slaughter weight for quality grade but 490 kg for yield grade.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.680-691
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• 2021

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of fermented cottonseed meal (FCSM) on growth performance, carcass traits, and fat deposition in white-feather broiler chickens. Methods: A total of 480 male one-day-old white-feather broiler chickens were selected randomly and divided into four groups with six replicates of 20 chickens in each. The experimental chickens were fed diets including 3%, 6%, or 9% FCSM fermented by Candida tropicalis until 42 days old. In the experiment, the chickens of the control group were fed soybean meal. Results: FCSM supplementation linearly decreased the feed conversion ratio from d 15 to 21 and d 36 to 42, respectively (p<0.05). The percentage of carcass and semi-eviscerate increased in response to dietary FCSM supplementation at d 21 (p<0.05). The percentage of eviscerated and semi-eviscerate of 3FCSM was higher than that in other groups at d 35 (p<0.05). At the age of 42 d, the percentage of carcass increased in a quadratic way among increasing FCSM in diets (p<0.05). The subcutaneous fat thickness linearly decreased with the increasing levels of FCSM at d 21 (p<0.05). Gompertz and Logistic functions provided a better fit on abdominal fat and subcutaneous fat, respectively. The best fitted equation predicted that the maximum growth rate of abdominal fat weight and subcutaneous fat thickness occurred at d 28. FCSM had no significant effects on the shape of growth curve of abdominal fat weight and subcutaneous fat thickness, but reduced the height of the curve. Birds receiving the 6FCSM diet for 21 d had smaller adipocyte surface and lower serum glucose as well as triglyceride concentration. Conclusion: FCSM is beneficial for broiler chickens as it positively affects their growth and carcass in addition to altering their fat deposition.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.213-226
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• 2015

Objectives : This study was aimed to show the effect of electroacupuncture combined with magnetic acupuncture on abdominal obesity without patient dieting, exercise or use of herbal medication. Methods : Women over 85 cm in waist circumference were treated with electroacupuncture combined with magnetic acupuncture. Acupuncture points were located at the abdomen ($CV_{12}$, $CV_6$, $ST_{25}$, $ST_{21}$, $SP_{15}$, $SP_{14}$), extremities ($LI_4$, $LI_{11}$, $ST_{36}$, $ST_{44}$) and were stimulated 30 minutes with 2.1~3 Gaus, 500 Hz, tolerable strength. The Interference wave forms were by Whata 153 (Medi Lab, Korea). Two or three treatment sessions per week (five or ten sessions in total) were done. Before treatment, and after the last treatment, we measured waist circumference, hip circumference, waist hip ratio, thickness of abdominal subcutaneous fat, body weight, body mass index, body fat ratio, visceral fat area, free fat mass, body fat mass and skeletal muscle mass. We also measured the subcutaneous temperature of the abdomen($CV_{12}$, $ST_{25}(Rt)$, $ST_{25}(Lt)$, $CV_6$) by using digital infrared thermal imaging(DITI). Results : In this study, significant reductions were shown in waist circumference, hip circumference, thickness of abdominal subcutaneous fat, body weight, body mass index, body fat ratio and body fat mass. There were no significant differences in waist hip ratio, free fat mass or skeletal muscle mass. There were also significant increases of the subcutaneous temperature on $CV_{12}$, $ST_{25}(Rt)$, $ST_{25}(Lt)$. Conclusions : From the above results, electroacupuncture combined with magnetic acupuncture might be an effective treatment for abdominal obesity.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.641-647
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• 2004

The research is focused on relationship between body fat percentage and physical characteristics of women in age group between 20s and 30s who experience great deal of physical change such as marriage, pregnancy, delivery, breast-feeding, and etc. The research used physical measurement of two hundreds women: 50 women in their early twenties, 50 women in their late twenties, 50 women in their early thirties, and 50 women in their late thirties. The research provides base data for women clothing industry by observing relationship between physical figure and body fat percentage rate based on obesity study on body fat percentage, physical BMI, R$\ddot{o}$hrer Index, and Vervaeck Index. Followings are conclusion of the research. The older the ages, the shorter the height and the heavier the weight. Recognizable differences in circumference, thickness, and width rather than in length are found. Also recognizable increases in average body fat percentage and average physical characteristics by age have found. By observing body fat percentage and physical measurements, it was revealed that weight has more effect on body fat percentage than height in all ages. Circumference, width, and thickness have more impact than length measurements among physical measurements. Main body or upper body has more impact than legs and arms or lower body. Body fat percentage increase rapidly by ages. 2.0% of age 20~24, 20.0% of age 25~29, 28.0% of age 30~34, and 54.0% of age 35~39 were sorted as obesity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.219-224
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to investigate the percentage of body fat by measurement of skin-fold thickness and to figure out the relationship between the daily energy intake and expenditure among male and female college students. Measurements of height, weight , skinfold thickness, percent body fat, lean body mass were made, 새심 daily energy expenditure and dietary intake survey were performed on 164 (male 86, female 78) college students. The survey was conducted between October 10, 1993-November 20, 1993. The results are as follows : 1) The average height and wegiht of the surveyed men and women were respectively 172.$\pm$0.6cm, 62.2$\pm$0.8kg and 160.8$\pm$ 0.5cm, 51.5$\pm$0.6kg, BMI of those surveyed were 20.9$\pm$0.2 and 19.9$\pm$0.2 and body density of those surveyed were 1.06$\pm$0.0 and 1.05$\pm$0.0 , and the percentage of body fat of those surveyed were 17.3$\pm$0.5% and 23.2$\pm$0.4% , and IBM of those surveyed were 51.2$\pm$0.6kg and 39.5$\pm$0.4kg. 2) Mean skin-fold thickness at 4 sites of the surveyed men and women were respectively 11.6$\pm$0.5mm and 18.3$\pm$0.6mm. 3) Average calorie intake of male and female were 2121$\pm$54kcal , 1906$\pm$28kcal respectively 70.5:14.2:15.3 and 68.0:14.0:18.0. 5) Activity time record of subjects reveal that there was a trend for males to spend more time in moderate and high activity and less time in light activity compared to females. Total daily energy expenditure of male and female group were respectively 2784$\pm$51kcal and 2073$\pm$32kcal. 6) The skinfold thickness showed negative correlation with body density but it showed positive correlation with the percentage of body fat. The lean body mass showed positive correlation with physical activity and energy intake showed positive correlation with physical activity also.