• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.164-173
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• 1993

This study was aimed to investigate whether abdominal obesity is associated with non-insulin dependednt diabetes. The distribution of body fat patterns was observed in 181 female patients with diabetes, aged 33 to 83 years, living in the Taegu area, Korea. The following anthropometric measuremetns were made on all participants from October 1 to November 25, 1991 : weight, height ; waist and hip circumferences in standing position. The waist hip circumference ratio was used as an index of abdominal obesity. The results were as follows; 1) The mean fasting blood glucose of diabetic subjects was 145$\pm$50.3mg/dl and the mean duration of diabetes was 4.7$\pm$7.5 years. 2) Obese subjects above the ideal body weight body weight of 120% in the investigation are presently 52%, but 63% of subjects were reported to be obese in the past. The mean BMI of the subjects is 24.57$\pm$3.15 and the past mean BMI was 27.13$\pm$3.26. One year after reaching their highest body weight, 47% of the subjects developed diabetes. Two years after reaching their peak body weight, 74% of diabetic subjects developed diabetes. 3) Using the waist-hip circumference ratio, subjects beloing to the upper body obesity(WHR>0.84) were 65.5%. 4) The average daily energy intake did not differ between the obese and non-obese diabetic subjects, whether they were assessed with BMI or with RBW. 5) The average daily energy intake was higher in the upper body obesity subjects than in the lower body obesity subjects. 6) Diabetics withing the regular exercise group had lower fasting blood glucose levels than the non-regular exercise group. Exercise did not effect the RBW, BMI, and WHR. 7) The waist-to-hip circumference ratio correlated significantly in positive with waist-circumference, but did not correlated with hip-circumference. Therefore, WHR may depended on the increased accumulation of abdominal fat in female diabetics. In conclusion, these findings suggest that caloric intake is more associated with abdominal fat accumulation in diabetic women. Blood glucose concentration is independently effected by exercise, and exercise does not affect the WHR. Therefore, control of caloric intake and development of specific exercises to change the WHR seems important for controling diabetes in female subjects.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.21-27
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• 1998

The objective of this study was to observe the effect of dietary calcium(Ca) level on colonic mucosal levels of cell proliferation, 1, 2-diacylglycerol(DAG), TXB2, PGE2 and phospholipid fatty acid composition which have been known as biomarkers for colon cancer. One hundred male Sprague Dawley rats, at 7 weeks of age, were divided into two fat type groups. Each group of which was further divided into two Ca level groups. Each rt was intramuscularly injected with 1, 2,-dimenthylhydrazine(DMH) for 6 weeks (total dose of 180mg/kg body weight) and simultaneously fed one of four experimental diets containing 15% dietary fat(corn oil or perilla oil )and 0.3% or 1.0% Ca by weight for 20 weeks. Compared to corn oil, perilla oil significantly reduced cell proliferation by decreasing labeling index, proliferating zone, crypt length in colonic mucosa and colonic mucosa and colonic mucosal levels of DAG, TXB2 . PGE2 and phospolipid (PL) arachidonic acid distribution. The effect of Ca on biomarketrs was different depending on the type of dietary fat comsumed . Ca effect of Ca on biomarkers was different depending on the type of dietary fat comsumed. Ca effect was not significantly shown in the PO group, but it was significant in the CO group in which high Ca(1.0%) decreased the levels of levels of PL-C20 : 4(%), DAG and PGE2 . However , high Ca supplementation had shown only the trends of improving cell proliferation. Overall , high dietary Ca significantly reduced cell proliferation by inhibiting the synthesis of eicosanoid and DAG with reduced distribution of PL-C20 : 4 , which may have resulted in lower activation of PKC through reduced signal transduction. Since a high level of dietary Ca was more effective in reducing the risk factor against colon cancer in corn oil fed rats, it could be suggested that a higher amount of dietary Ca be consumed , especially when more vegetable oil rich in linoleic acid is included in the diet.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.485-493
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to develope a computer program to help with gross diagnosis of protein-energy balance and feeding management practice and with the prediction about the risk possibility of productive disease such as reproductive and metabolic disorders by evaluating fat, protein, and milk urea nitrogen (MUN) from individual cow milk in dairy herd Somatic cell counts also represent the condition of udder health. The principal flow charts of this program was to check on herd management, sampling the composite milk, analysis the milk composition, conversion of data from milking equipment to program, input and analysis of data in program, and report. This program is compatible with window 95/98 system. The major analytical elements of this program were presented as; the profile of herd lactation curve analysis of the test-day milk production level, the distribution of somatic cell count, the fat to protein ratio to evaluate body energy balance, and the interpretation of dietary protein-energy balance by milk protein and MUN contents for individual cows. This program using milk fat, protein, MUN, and somatic cell counts will serve as a monitoring tool for the protein-energy balance and the feeding management practice, and for distribution of mastitis in individual cows. It will also be used to manage the nutritional and reproductive disorders and mastitis at the farm level.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.421-430
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• 2002

사철쑥 (Artemisia capitlaris Thunberg)으로 성인병의 예방목적으로 흰쥐 (Sprague-Dawley rats)의 혈액 및 간지질 대사에 미치는 영향에 대한 효과를 알아보았다. 1) 사료이용효율은 L, LM, LP군에서 높았다 (p < 0.01). 혈청의 콜레스테롤 농도, 동 맥 경화지수 (p <0.01), 중성지질 (p < 0.01)은 L, LM, LP군에서 높았지만, 사철쑥 분말 첨가에 의해 HDL-콜레스테롤과 HTR를 증가시켰다 (p < 0.01). 2) 혈청 및 간 조직의 과산화지질은 C군에 비하여 L군이 유의적으로 많았으며, 사철쑥 첨가시 감소하였다 (p < 0.05). 3) 간 조직의 지방침착은 L군에서 지방양성구의 크기와 분포가 두드러지게 높았고. LM군, LP길군에서는 감소하였다. 이상의 결과는 사철쑥은 혈액 및 간의 지질조성 및 지질 대사에 바람직한 효과를 갖는 것으로 보인다. 이는 사철쑥이 성인병예방에 유용한 기능성 식품으로서 가치가 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.892-900
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• 1997

This study was carried out to investigate the clinical characteristics of 78 diabetics by body fat distribution pattern. It was based on the survey of nutritional status, anthropometric measurements and serum components of the patients. The results were as follows: the average ages of male and female subjects were 57.1, and that of female subjects was 58.9, respectively. The average diabetic durations of male and female subjects were 4.8 and 5.9 years, respectively. In male, the ratio of upper body obese subject was 62.5% and the lower body obese subjects was 37.5%, while those of female were 69.4% and 30.6%, respectively. In nutrient intake state, there was no significant difference between male and female subjects, but calory intake of upper body obese subjects was difference between male and female subjects, but calory intake of upper body obese subjects was tend to be higher in both male and female subjects. among the three major nutrients/calory ratio, protein/calory ratio was significantly lower in the male upper body obese subjects than in the male lower body obese subjects. Since weight, circumference of arm and waist, waist hip ratio(WHR) of both male and female subjects, body muscle mass(BMM) of male subjects and body mass index (BMI) of female subjects were significantly higher in upper body obese group, upper body obese subjects represented ore fat than lower body obese subjects. In male subjects, hemoglobin(Hb), A/G of upper body obese subjects were lower than the standard value, but there was no significant difference in the serum components between two subjects. In female subjects, Hb and A/G of lower body obese subjects were lower than those of the normal subjects, but Hb and Ht of upper body obese subjects were significantly higher than those of the lower body obese subjects.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.223-232
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• 1995

This study was an attempt to compare the energy, nutrient intake, blood lipids, and body fat distribution of diabetics with those of normal control subjects. Daily energy and nutrient intake were measured by convenient method. The following anthropometric measurements were made on all participants : weight, height, and waist and hip circumference. We matched 31 pairs with diabetics and nondiabetic control subjects by sex, age, body weight and height, and made comparisons between two groups to observe the effect of diabetes in lipid profiles. Aslo the effect of exercise in diabetes was investigated. The results obtained were as follows : 1.The average of daily energy intake of diabetics was 1, 927 kcal and that of nondiabetics was 2, 159 kcal. Percentage of energy in diabetics is that carbohydrate : protein : fat = 69:13:18 2. When diabetics were divided into obese and nonobese group according to RBW, 33% of diabetics were obese and energy intake was not significantly different between the two groups, but VLDL - cholesterol concentration was significantly higher in the obese group. 3. Energy intake, BMI, RBW and total cholesterol level of upper obesity group were significantly higher than those of lower body obesity group in male diabetic subjects. 4. When matching 31 pairs of diabetics and nondiabetics according to sex, age, body weight and height triglyceride concentration and WHR of diabetics were measured to be significantly higher than those of nondiabetics. 5. Although energy intake was not significantly different between exercise and nonexercise groups, triglyceride, blood glucose, RBW, BMI were significantly lower in the exercise and nonexercise groups, triglyceride, blood glucose, RBW, BMI were significantly lower in the exercise group than the nonexercis group in diabetics. 6. BMI and RBW were not correlated with cholesterol or triglyceride, but WHR correlated significantly with both cholesterol and triglyceride. In conclusion, diabetics had higher triglyceride concentration and WHR than nondiabetics. WHR may be better than BMI or RBW for predicting alteration in lipid profile and exercise seems beneficial for controlling blood glucose and lipids in diabetics.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.771-786
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• 2021

This study was performed to investigate the contents of fat-soluble nutrients (tocopherols, retinol, carotenoids, fatty acids, and cholesterol) and phospholipids (PLs) in seven types (imported SPA, SPS, SFS, and SSI; and domestic MLM, MPM, and NIX) of commercial infant formulas (IFs). The contents of tocopherol and retinol activity equivalent (RAE) in the seven IFs were 1.42 - 3.86 mg α-TE·100 kcal^-1 and 64.90 - 144.95 ㎍ RAE·100 kcal^-1, respectively. The imported IFs contained high contents of lutein + zeaxanthin (29.68 - 32.49 ㎍·100 g^-1) and lycopene (71.80 - 93.28 ㎍·100 g^-1), while the domestic IFs did not contain lycopene. The contents of linoleic acid (C18:2) and α-linolenic acid (C18:3) in the seven IFs were also within the recommended ranges (C18:2, 300 - 1,400 mg·100 kcal^-1 and C18:3, over 50 mg·100 kcal^-1) of Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. The ratio of arachidonic acid (ARA, C20:4)/docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6) was 2.42 - 2.74 in the imported IFs and 0.96 - 1.08 in the domestic IFs. However, the DHA content of the domestic IFs (0.37 - 0.65 g·100 g^-1 fat%) was much higher than that of the imported IFs (0.16 - 0.18%). Total PL contents were 108.02 - 135.93 mg·100 kcal^-1 for the domestic IFs and 6.05 - 66.70 mg·100 kcal^-1 for the imported IFs. The main PLs of the domestic IFs were phosphatidyl choline (48.5 - 71.1% of total PLs), phosphatidyl ethanolamine (12.8 - 23.1%), phosphatidyl serine (7.0 - 11.6%), and sphingomyelin (4.3 - 21.5%).

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.276-283
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• 2005

목 적 : 내장 지방은 비만 합병증의 위험 인자이며 성인에서 지방간은 내장 지방과 관련이 있음이 알려져 있다. 소아 비만의 진단기준인 BMI가 내장 지방 정도를 반영하는지를 살펴보고 소아 지방간 환아에서 BMI, 체지방 분포, 간 효소치와 복부 CT상 지방간 정도 사이의 상관관계를 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 2000년 1월부터 2004년 2월까지 BMI를 기준으로 비만위험 또는 비만에 동반된 간 효소치 이상을 주소로 서울대학교 어린이병원 소아과에 내원하여 비조영증강 복부 CT 검사로 지방간을 진단받은 소아 23례(남아 19명, 여아 4명)를 대상으로 하여 CT로 복부 지방 면적을 측정하였다. BMI와 내장 지방과의 상관관계, 복부 CT상 지방간의 정도와 BMI, VAT, VSR, 간 효소치간의 상관관계를 분석하였다. 결 과 : BMI는 TAF(r=0.91476, P<0.0001), VAT(r=0.51719, P=0.0115), SAAT(r=0.88302, P<0.0001)와 유의한 상관관계가 있었다. CTL/CTS비와 BMI(r=-0.11938, P=0.5876), TAF(r=-0.14936, P=0.4964), VAT(r=-0.31234, P=0.1468), SAAT(r=-0.08154, P=0.7115), VSR(r=-0.19202, P=0.3801), AST(r=0.12729, P=0.5628), ALT(r=-0.00179, P=0.9935) 및 AST/ALT비(r=0.20762, P=0.3418) 사이에 유의한 상관관계가 없었다. 결 론 : 소아 비만에서 BMI는 내장 지방 정도를 반영하나 복부 CT상 지방간의 정도와 간 효소치, BMI, 내장 지방량 사이에 유의한 상관관계가 없었다.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.305-314
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to examine whether anthropometric estimations can be reliable methods to assess body fat of university students, by identifying the relationship between anthropometric estimates, which have been thought to be not reliable but economic, and Bio-electric impedance analysis (BIA), which has been known to be reliable but expensive. Method: Twenty-one male and 20 female university students were recruited. The in Body 3.0 scale and GIF-891DX were used for BIA. Body fat was estimated with 12 circumferences, 9 skin-fold thicknesses (SFT), and applying 4 equations (Kim's, $Broz{\check{e}}k's$, Siri's and Wilmore's). Their relationships were examined by Pearson Correlation. Result: 11 circumferences and 9 SFT in the male while 5 circumferences and 3 SFT in the female correlated with the body fat on BIA(p<05). The waist circumference had the strongest correlation to the BIA in both males and females. The abdomonial SFT for the male and scapular SFT for the female had the strongest relationship of SFT to BIA. Body fat estimated from more than two different equations significantly correlated with those measured from BIA (p<.05). Conclusion: Anthropometric estimations could be a useful method to get reliable and valid data for body fat of the university students inexpensively.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.121-127
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• 1998

Thirty two Omani sheep with eight animals each of; intact males (INT), males castrated with rubber rings immediately after birth (RR), males castrated with a burdizzo at 8 weeks of age (BC) and intact females (IF) were fed ad libitum a concentrate diet (CP 16%) plus chopped Rhodesgrass hay (8% CP) from weaning until slaughter at 28 kg. INT lambs grew faster from 9 to 20 weeks of age (p < 0.05) thus they were significantly heavier at 20 weeks of age than BC and IF, but not RR lambs. INT consumed more total feed than other sex groups over the period from 9 to 20 weeks of age. There were no significant differences between lambs of all experimental groups in feed per gain ratio. INT lambs had lower (p < 0.01) dressing percentage (DP) than RR, BC and IF. As a percentage in the empty body weight (EBW), INT had higher proportions of head, feet, empty gut (p < 0.001), liver (p < 0.05) and genitals (p < 0.05) but lower proportions of lungs and trachea (p < 0.05) than BC and IF lambs. INT males had a significantly higher (p < 0.05) proportion of bone than RR and IF lambs but lower (p < 0.05) proportion of fat than RR and IF. As a percentage in EBW, IF had the highest protortion (p < 0.001) of total body fat (TBF) followed by BC and RR whereas INT males had the lowest proportion. There was a general trend of IF having the highest proportion of individual and total non-carcass fat (TNCF) and total carcass fat (TCF) followed by BC and RR lambs whereas INT lambs had the lowest protortions of individual carcass and non-carcass fat depots. There were only few sex or castration effects on carcass tissue distribution. IF had higher proportions of intermuscular fat in the chuck, plate, leg and flank than INT and BC. The current study demonstrated that castration of intensively-raised male Omani native sheep especially at weaning using a burdizzo retarded growth rate and reduced carcass quality by increasing fat content.