• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.183-188
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• 2012

To investigate the influence of the prolactin receptor 3 (PRLR3) gene and the retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) gene on the production traits of swine, genotyping was performed on 156 and 141 Berkshire pigs, respectively, that were carefully selected for economic traits. The frequencies of allele A in the PRLR3 locus and allele B in the RBP4 locus were 0.50 and 0.42, respectively. Neither locus was in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. After a genotype was assigned to the individuals whose parents had the homozygous genotype, a statistical analysis was conducted for 291 pigs. The animals with the PRLR3 and RBP4 genotypes included 182 and 227 head, respectively. Even though the genotypic effects of PRLR3 (p<0.05) and RBP4 (p<0.01) had a significant influence on the pigs' back fat thickness, the interaction of both genes was not highly significant in terms of the back fat thickness (p = 0.1235). While the estimated epistasis effects of aaBB and aaBb decreased the back fat thickness and reduced the growth rate, the effects of AAbb and aabb increased the growth rate. Despite the insignificant difference in the PRLR genotypes in terms of the days to 90 kg and the average daily gain, the back fat thickness showed a significant difference (p<0.05), and the additive effect of allele A and the dominant effect of the hetero-genotype were -0.377 and 1.206 mm, respectively. The RBP4 genotypes had a very significant effect (p<0.01) on the back fat thickness, the days to 90 kg, and the average daily gain. The additive effects of allele B of the RBP4 locus on the back fat thickness, the days to 90 kg, and the average daily gain were 0.70 mm, -1.3 days and 6.2 g, respectively. Moreover, the dominant effects of the heterozygote for those traits were 0.63 mm, 9.9 days and -45.0 g, respectively. Allele A of the PRLR3 locus favorably influenced the back fat thickness, the days to 90 kg of the body weight, and the average daily gain and its dominant effect unfavorably influenced those traits. Allele B of RBP4 showed an incremental growth rate and back fat thickness, which could lower the lean meat percentage in the carcass. The RBP4 hetero-genotype negatively affected the pork production. These results strongly imply that the selection of allele A of PRLR3 and allele B of RBP4 would produce highly productive pigs in the Berkshire breed. Careful selection of allele B of RBP4 is required because of the increase in the back fat thickness.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제63권2호
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• pp.332-338
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• 2021

The objective of this study was to predict body compositions of live pigs using bioelectrical impedance procedures. In experiment 1, 32 crossbred (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) finishing pigs with an average weight at 84.06 kg were used. In experiment 2, 96 crossbred (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) finishing pigs with an average weight at 88.8 kg were used. A four-terminal body composition analyser was utilized to determine fat percentage. Lean meat percentage and backfat thickness were measured with a lean meat measuring meter. In experiment 1, fat percentage was not significantly correlated with lean meat percentage, although a tendency (p < 0.1) of a negative correlation was found. Backfat thickness was significantly correlated with fat percentage and lean meat percentage (r = 0.745 and r = -0.961, respectively). Coefficients of determination for fat percentage with lean meat percentage, fat percentage with backfat thickness, and backfat thickness with lean meat percentage were 0.503, 0.566, and 0.923, respectively. In experiment 2, fat percentage was significantly correlated with lean meat percentage (r = -0.972). Backfat thickness was also significantly correlated with fat percentage and lean meat percentage (r = 0.935 and r = -0.957, respectively). Results of this study indicate that bioelectrical impedance analysis might be useful for predicting body compositions of live finishing pigs.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.799-806
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• 2016

The effects of reducing pork fat levels from 20% to 15% or 10% by partially substituting pork back fat with wheat sprout fiber in reduced-fat chicken patties were investigated. Approximate composition, energy value, pH, color, cooking loss, reduction in diameter, reduction in thickness, shear force, and sensory properties were determined. Moisture content, ash contents, yellowness of uncooked and cooked reduced-fat chicken patties with wheat sprout were higher than those in the control, while displaying fat content, calorie content, and pH of uncooked and cooked lower in reduced-fat chicken patties than in the control. Cooking loss, reduction in diameter, and reduction in thickness were the highest in the reduced-fat chicken patties with 10% fat level. Cooking loss, reduction in diameter, and reduction in thickness were decreased when fat levels and wheat sprout levels were increased. Control samples without wheat sprout dietary fiber had significantly (p<0.05) higher color and flavor scores compared to reduced-fat chicken patties containing wheat sprout dietary fiber. The overall acceptability of the control and treatment with 15% fat and 2% wheat sprout dietary fiber (T3) was the highest. Therefore, 15% fat level in reduced-fat chicken patties with the addition of 2% wheat sprout dietary fiber can be used to improve the quality and sensory characteristics of regular-fat chicken patties containing 20% fat level.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.308-313
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• 1991

초음파기(A-mode type, TATT, TH-500, Datoherutsu Co, Japan)를 이용하여 20-39세의 한국 사람들의 삼두박근, 견갑골하부, 장골위, 대퇴부의 피하지방을 측정하고, 이 피하지방 두께와 표준체중, 상대체중(relative body weight, RBW), body mass index(BMI), $R\ddot{o}hrer$지수와의 상관관계를 알아 보았다. 남성에서는 장골위의 피하지방 두께가 $9.04{\sim}9.51mm$로 가장 크고, 견갑골 아래가 $9.04{\sim}9.51mm$, 대퇴부가 $6.48{\sim}7.04mm$, 삼두박근이 3.48${\sim}$3.69mm이었다. 피하지방 두께와 여러 신체 지수와의 상관관계를 보면 삼두박근의 피하지방 두께와 BMI(r=0.618), $R\ddot{o}hrer$지수(r= 0.622)가, 장골위의 피하지방 두께와 체중(r=0.551). RBW(r=0.457), BMI(.= 0.478), $R\ddot{o}hrer$ 지수(r=0.418), 견갑골 하부의 피하지방 두께(r=0.433)가 양의 상관관계가 있었다. 여성에서는 대퇴부의 피하지방 두께가 $11.85{\sim}12.15mm$로 가장 크고 장골위가 $8.79{\sim}9.87mm$9.87mm, 견갑골하부 $6.21{\sim}6.91mm$, 삼두박근이 $4.80{\sim}4.93mm$이며, 대퇴부의 피하지방 두께가 RBW(r=0.339), BMI(r=0.347), $R\ddot{o}hrer$ 지수(r=0.330)와 양의 상관관계를 나타냈다. 남성의 경우 삼두박근의 피하지방 두께가 RBW, BMI, $R\ddot{o}hrer$지수와 상관관계가 있었고, 장골위의 피하지방 두께는 RBW, BMI, $R\ddot{o}hrer$ 지수외에 체중과도 상관관계가 있었으므로 초음파를 이용한 피하지방측정은, 남성은 장골위가 가장 유용함을 알 수 있었고, 여성의 경우는 대퇴부의 피하지방 두께가 RBW, BMI, $R\ddot{o}hrer$ 지수와 상관관계가 있었으므로 대퇴부의 피하지방 측정이 가장 유용함을 알 수 있었다. 비만 측정에서 초음파 장치는 여러 가지 장점이 있으므로 앞으로 이에 대한 연구가 있어야겠다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.142-148
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• 2016

The present study investigated the effects of back-fat thickness at d 107 of gestation and housing types during gestation on reproductive performance and behavior of sows. A total of 64 crossbred sows ($Landrace{\times}Yorkshire$) in their 3 to 4 parities were allotted to one of four treatments (n = 16) over two consecutive parities. During each parity, sows were assigned to two gestational housing types (stall or group housing) and two level of back-fat thickness (<20 or ${\geq}20$) at d 107 of gestation. Gestating sows were transferred from gestational crates to stalls or pens (group housing) 5 weeks before farrowing. All sows were moved to farrowing crates on d 109 of gestation. At weaning, back-fat thickness changes were lesser (p<0.05) in sows having back-fat thickness <20 mm than that of sows with ${\geq}20mm$ back-fat thickness at 107 d of gestation. Group housed sows had greater (p<0.05) feed intake and shorter (p<0.05) weaning-to-estrus interval than that of sows in stalls. At weaning, back-fat thickness changes were lesser (p<0.05) in group housed sows than that of sows in stalls. The number of piglets at weaning, growth rate and average daily gain were greater (p<0.05) in group housed sows than that of sows in stalls. During gestation, walking duration was more (p<0.05) in group housed sows. Group housed sows had lesser (p<0.05) farrowing duration and greater (p<0.05) eating time than that of sows in stalls. Result obtained in present study indicated that sows with ${\geq}20mm$ back-fat thickness at 107 days had better reproductive performance. Additionally, group housing of sows during last five week of gestation improved the performance and behavior and reproductive efficiency of sows.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제54권7호
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• pp.292-297
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• 2011

Purpose: Our study aimed to evaluated sex differences in clinical features of obese high school students. Methods: One hundred three obese high school students (body mass index [BMI]${\geq}$85th percentile) and 51 control students (BMI<85th percentile) were enrolled in this study. Anthropometric measurements were performed. Fasting serum glucose, insulin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and high-sensitive C-reactive protein were measured. Abdominal fat thickness, degree of fatty liver, and carotid intima-media thickness were measured by ultrasound. Results: In control and obese groups, waist circumference was significantly longer in boys but body fat mass was Significantly higher in girls. In the control group, total cholesterol and LDL-C were higher in girls. In the obese group, however, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and triglyceride were higher and HDL-C was lower in boys. Preperitoneal fat thickness was significantly higher in obese girls. In obese group, the degree of fatty liver was significantly higher in boys. Carotid intima-media thickness was not significantly different between boys and girls. Conclusion: Obese adolescents had distinguishable sex differences in body measurements, metabolic abnormalities, abdominal fat thickness and fatty liver. We can infer that these characteristics may extend into adult obesity.

• 셀메드
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.19.1-19.2
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• 2015

This is a case report involving a novel setting of sonographic scan for thickness of superficial abdominal fat and a non-invasive approach for reduction of the fat thickness. A 38-year-old woman complained of her abdominal contour asymmetry after the laser-assisted liposuction performed two years ago. Compression-free sonographic scanning confirmed that her superficial abdominal fat was thicker in left side than that of right side. After 9 sessions of 40KHz therapeutic ultrasound, the contour asymmetry was reduced.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.104-113
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• 1991

This research was to examine the correlation between body composition and life style including nutrients intake and physical activities of male and female athletes and nonathletes who are attending college. The percent of body fat with a skinfold caliper was measured higher in female than male. The body fat of the female students in the nonathletic group was the highest and male students in the nonathletic group showed the lowest in body fat. On the correlation between skinfold thickness and body composition the skinfold thick-ness showed negative correlation with the body density. However it showed positive correla-tion with the percent of body fat. According to this result it can be defined that skinfold thickness is in proportion to the body fat. dietary intakes of male and female athletes exceeded the need for their excessive physical activity. Concerning the correlation between calorie intake and body fat was high. From this we conclude that the more one consumes calorie intake the higher one's body fat content will be. On the correlation of physical activity and body composition the lean body mass showed high positive correlation with physical activity.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.135-138
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• 1993

Twelve intact and 12 docked Najdi lambs of equal numbers of males and females were utilized in the experiment. All lambs were raised under similar conditions until they attained 40 kg shorn and shrunk body weight. Thereafter, lambs were individually fed ad libitum on a diet formulated to contain 11.20 MJ ME/kg and slaughtered after 60 days feeding period. The results showed that Najdi rams averaged 6.14 kg more total gain (p < .05), required 6.80 kg less feed (p < .05) per kg of gain and produced 3.2 and 3.07 kg more (p < .05) carcass and salable cuts weights over the feeding period than comparable ewes. Body wall thickness and kidney and pelvic fat weight were greater (p < .05) for ewes than for rams; dressing percent, longissimus area and fat thickness were not significantly influenced by sex of lambs. Docked lambs kept for 60 days on feed required 1.80 kg less feed (p < .05) per kg of gain and produced 2.21 kg more (p < .05) salable wholesale cuts weight than intact lambs. Docking was not a significant source of variation for total gain, carcass weight, dressing percent, longissimus dorsi area, body wall thickness and fat thickness.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.249-258
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• 2008

목적 : 복부비만 특히 내장지방의 과잉축적은 대사증후군 발생에 밀접한 관련이 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 따라서 내장지방의 정확한 평가는 중요하며, 초음파 측정법은 간편하고, 안전하게 내장지방을 평가할 수 있는 방법으로 보고되고 있다. 본 연구는 초음파에 의해 측정된 복부 내장지방두께와 신체계측지표 및 대사증후군 관련인자와의 연관성을 확인하고, 대사증후군 예측을 위한 내장지방두께 기준을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 2008년 1월부터 4월까지 대전 D 건강검진센터에 내원한 건강검진자 중 400명(남자 200명, 여자 200명)을 대상으로 하였다. 초음파 검사로 제대 바로 위에서 내장지방 및 피하지방두께를 측정하였고, 신체계 측지표로 체질량지수, 허리둘레, 허리둘레/키 비를 측정하였으며, 대사증후군 관련인자로 혈압, 고밀도콜레스테롤(HDL-C), 중성지방(TG), 공복혈당(FBS)을 측정하였다. 초음파 측정지표와 신체계측지표 및 대사증후군 관련인자와의 상관관계를 분석하였으며, ROC곡선을 이용하여 대사증후군 예측을 위한 내장지방두께를 산출하였다. 결과 : 내장지방두께는 허리둘레(r=0.683/남, r=0.604/여), 허리둘레/키 비(r=0.633/남, r=0.595/여) 및 체질량지수(r=0.621/남, r=0.534/여)와 남녀 모두에서 유의한 상관관계가 있었으며, 수축기혈압(r=0.229/남, r=0.232/여), 이완기혈압(r=0.285/남, r=0.254/여), 고밀도콜레스테롤(r=-0.254/남, r=-0.326/여), 중성지방(r=0.475/남, r=0.411/여), 공복혈당(r=0.158/남, r=0.234/여)과 남녀 모두에서 유의한 상관관계가 있었다. 대사증후군 예측을 위한 내장지방두께의 cut-off value는 남자 4.58cm (민감도 89.2%, 특이도 71.2%), 여자 3.50cm (민감도 61.2%, 특이도 80.8%)이었으며, 내장지방두께가 남자에서 6cm, 여자에서 5cm 이상부터 대사중후군 위험성이 급격히 증가하였다. 결론 : 초음파로 측정된 내장지방두께는 신체계측지표 및 대사증후군 관련인자와 남녀 모두에서 유의한 상관 관계가 있었으며, 대사증후군 예측을 위한 내장지방두께 기준은 남자 4.58cm, 여자 3.50cm 이었다. 초음파로 측정된 내장지방두께는 복부비만의 유의한 지표가 될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. 다만 임상에서 복부 비만 지표로 활용되기 위해서는 측정방법의 표준화가 이루어져야 할 것으로 사료된다.