• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.486-493
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• 2008

Safflower red colorants extracted by two solvents including the traditional ash solution and $K_{2}CO_{3}$ solution was used for dyeing cotton, ramie, viscose rayon, silk, wool, and nylon fabrics. The effects of extraction solvents on the reflectance, K/S value, and color properties of the dyed fabrics were investigated. Wash/dry cleaning and light colorfastness were evaluated. Reflectance curves of cotton, ramie, viscose rayon, and silk fabrics dyed with red colorants extracted by $K_{2}CO_{3}$ solution were similar, showing the maximum absorption at 520nm, to that of the dyed fabrics with red colorants extracted by ash solution. The reflectance curves of wool and nylon fabrics were different, showing the maximum absorption at 400nm. K/S values of dyed fabrics with red colorants extracted by $K_{2}CO_{3}$ solution were higher than that by ash solution with the exception of nylon. $L^{*},\;a^{*},\;b^{*}$, and $C^{*}$ of the dyed fabrics with red colorants extracted by $K_{2}CO_{3}$ solution were higher than that by ash solution except for $L^{*}$ of nylon and $b^{*}$ of viscose rayon. Color difference(${{\Delta}E}^*$) of the dyed fabrics between ash solution and $K_{2}CO_{3}$ solution increased in the order named as cotton, silk, ramie, viscose rayon, wool, and nylon. Regardless of extraction solvents, safflower red colorants produced RP color on cotton, ramie, and nylon, R color on viscose rayon and silk, and YR color on wool. Wash/dry cleaning fastness of the dyed fabrics was high above 3/4 rating but light fastness was very poor. It is considered that the use of $K_{2}CO_{3}$ solution instead of the traditional ash solution would be more effective in terms of color reproducibility and extraction process.

• Composites Research
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.177-184
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• 2020

Flame retardant(FR) clothes prohibit additional fire diffusion and make the personnel do their tasks without a hitch in a flammable environment. The existing FR clothes, however, are heavy and give high thermal fatigue. Therefore, it is strongly demanded to develop a light, convenient, and eco-friendly clothes. Recently, many works have been reported to make FR fabrics with phosphorus compounds, but their performance could not satisfy the specified criteria in appraisal standards of domestic and American FR clothes or combat uniforms. In this paper, two kinds of phosphorus compounds were applied to cotton fabric. Graphene oxide functionalized with a phosphorus-rich deep eutectic solvent and ammonium polyphosphate were coated on cotton fabric by eco-friendly padding procedure. The coated fabrics were analyzed with thermogravimetric analysis, vertical flame resistance test(ASTM D6413), cone calorimeter test(ISO 5660-1), and method of test for limited flame spread(ISO 15025). It was revealed that the as-made cotton with those two materials simultaneously had better flame resistance than the cottons with each one. Furthermore, an additional coating for hydrophobicity on the FR cotton was tried for better washing fastness.