• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제35권9호
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• pp.996-1006
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• 2002

A total of 321 salaried employees were surveyed by questionnaires during September and October 2001 in order to investigate the bases for their choices between 26 popular menu items in JinJu restaurants. The subjects were aged 20 to 61 years, and were classified into 3 age groups (ages 20-29, 30-39, and over 40) and 2 gender groups. The data were analyzed using the SAS program for factor analysis. The results of this study were as follows: 1) The 26 popular menu items were classified into 6 factors by the 20-29 age group, into 5 factors by the 30-39 age group, and into 3 factors by the over 40 age group. The younger age group had the more numbers of factor which act as choice criteria of restaurant foods according to the purpose of eating out. 2) Because subjects classified steak and fast food into the same factor named 'new generation's food', we found that steak was an unfamiliar food for most of them, 3) The 20-29 age group had an aversion to Boshintang(dog soup), while the 30-39 age group and the over 40 age group liked Boshintang as a stamina food. 4) The over 40 age group, and men in all age groups, didn't choose Buffet and Shabushabu as a dinner food because they had negative attitudes toward novel or unfamiliar foods. 5) Women distinguished between a factor called 'social drink and party food' from a facor called 'dinner food', while men integrated the factor of 'dinner food' into the factor of 'social drink and party food' 6) Men preferred Samgyetang (chicken stew with ginseng) and Yangnyeumtongdak (spicy fried chicken) as a 'social drink and party food', while women preferred Dwaejibossam (boiled pork and kimchi) and Beef Bulgogi. In conclusion, most of subjects did not recognize fast food and steak as a meal, which were introduced recently in JinJu. The choice criteria and preferences of restaurant foods were different from the age and gender groups. The over 40 age group, and men in all age groups, had more negative attitudes toward novel or unfamiliar foods than the younger age and women groups.(Korean J. Nutrition 35(9) : 996~1006, 2002)

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.367-373
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• 2005

The study investigated the recognition and preference of foreigner to Korean foods in different nationality. Questionnaires consisted of two languages- Chinese and English were given to 180 residing foreigners in Insa-dong and COEX mall areas and interview methods were used. A total of 157 questionnaires were analyzed for statistical analysis. The statistical analysis was completed using SPSS Win(ver 11.0) for descriptive analysis, ${\chi}^2-test$, ANOVA and Tukey's test. Main results of this study were as follows: First, the factors foreigners considered when they chose food of other countries were; 1.new taste, 2.curiosity, 3.foreign culture, 4.foreign tradition. People from European and Asian countries were inclined to 'New taste' first, while people from American and Oceanian countries were inclined to "curiosity". Second, most of respondents have tried Bulgogi and Galbi before and many of them also have tried Kimchi, Kimbop, and Bibimbop as common Korean foods. Third, the preference was different according to their origins. Asian people liked diverse cuisines including Bulgogi, Galbi, Kimchi, Dubu Doenjan chige, and Samgaetang, while European and Oceanian people liked Bulgogi, Galbi, and Bibimbop. The preference for Kimchi was considerably high among Asian people, however, low among American and Oceanian people(p<0.05). Fourth, Deviation was little on the taste, color, and table settings of Korean foods; most of the respondents was satisfied on those factors. European and Oceanian people who were familiar with table setting according to time were satisfied at table setting of Korean foods, which focused on space, rather than time. Fifth, most of the respondents, especially Asian people, remarked that Korean foods were spicy. The opinion on the taste of Korean foods was variable according to their nations. Currently many of culinary companies from Korea were leading their active business in foreign countries such as China and United States. Their domain was not limited to traditional Korean foods, but expanding to various fields such as fast foods, bakery goods, and fusion snacks.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.397-405
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 식품 중의 엽산을 추출하기 위한 trienzyme 방법을 개선하기 위하여 ${\alpha}$-amylase와 folate conjugase 를 동시에 처리하는 방법 (CI)과 기존의 방법대로 protease, ${\alpha}$-amylase, folate conjugase 세가지 효소를 각각 처리하는 방법 (SI)을 비교해 보았으며, 개선된 방법을 이용하여 패스트푸드와 가공식품에 들어있는 엽산 함량을 분석하였다. 1) 12종 88개 식품에 대하여 엽산을 추출하기 위한 기존의 방법 (SI)과 두가지 효소를 동시에 처리하는 CI 방법으로 엽산 함량을 비교한 결과 식품의 종류에 따라 두 방법간에 -6.5%에서 34.0%까지의 차이를 보였다. 식품의 종류별로 paired t-test를 한 결과 9종에서는 유의적 차이를 볼 수 없었으며, 3종에서는 CI 방법이 SI 방법에 비해 유의적으로 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이는 효소 처리시간이 단축됨으로 인해 엽산의 손실이 적었기 때문인 것으로 보이며, 따라서 실험시간을 절약할 수 있는 CI 방법을 활용하는 것이 바람직하겠다. 2) CI 방법으로 식품 중의 엽산을 추출하고 미생물학적 방법으로 엽산 함량을 분석한 결과 햄버거의 100 g당 평균 엽산 함량은 29.0 ${\mu}g$, 치즈버거 35.6 ${\mu}g$, 불고기버거 34.4 ${\mu}g$, 새우버거 33.5 ${\mu}g$, 치킨버거 29.3 ${\mu}g$, 휘시버거 31.7 ${\mu}g$이었다. 비스킷의 엽산 함량은 28.1 ${\mu}g$, 감자튀김은 49.1 ${\mu}g$이었고, 피자 29.7 ${\mu}g$, 샌드위치 31.6 ${\mu}g$, 삼각김밥 24.3 ${\mu}g$으로 나타났으며, 이 값을 1회 분량으로 환산하면 버거종류는 43.1${\sim}$62.0 ${\mu}g$, 감자튀김 53.3 ${\mu}g$, 피자 28.4 ${\mu}g$, 샌드위치 47.4 ${\mu}g$, 삼각김밥 25.7 ${\mu}g$이었다. 3) 가공식품 26종의 엽산함량을 측정한 결과 100 g 당 엽산 함량이 가장 높은 식품은 캔옥수수로 89.5 ${\mu}g$이었고 다음으로는 냉동만두가 80.8 ${\mu}g$이었다. 그 외의 가공식품으로 소시지는 19.6 ${\mu}g$, 비엔나소시지 11.7 ${\mu}g$, 햄 11.5 ${\mu}g$, 튀긴어묵 10.7 ${\mu}g$ 등으로 측정되어 가공식품의 엽산 함량은 대체로 낮은 수준이었으며, 음료의 엽산 함량은 100 g당 1.0${\sim}$5.2 ${\mu}g$으로 매우 낮았다. 4) 본 연구에서 분석한 패스트푸드와 가공식품, 소스, 음료 등 32종의 엽산 함량을 기존의 식품영양가표와 비교하였을 때 식품영양가표의 엽산값은 분석값과 비슷한 경우도 있었으나 0.04${\sim}$140배 까지 차이가 매우 큰 경우도 있었다. 본 연구에서 분석한 식품 중의 엽산 함량은 우리나라 사람들의 엽산 섭취량을 파악하고자 할 때 기초자료로 활용 될 수 있을 것이며, 어린이, 청소년, 젊은 성인층에서 섭취량이 점차 증가하고 있는 패스트푸드와 새롭게 개발되는 가공식품의 엽산 함량을 앞으로도 지속적으로 분석하여 이를 데이터베이스에 반영할 필요가 있다고 여겨진다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.553-587
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• 2012

In this study, the Korean cookbook, Jusiksiui, which was published in the late 1800s, was investigated. The results revealed that Jusiksiui contained more than 100 foods. Specifically, 12 staple foods were foods recorded including five types of porridge, three types of noodles, and four kinds of dumplings. Moreover, 49 side dishes were present, among which Jjim (steamed food) was most common, being recorded ten times. Additionally, seven types of Jeon (pancake) & Gui (roasted food) and Kimchi & Jangajji (pickled vegetables), four kinds of soup and Jeongol (stew), stir-fry, Sukyuk (boiled beef), and three types of Sukchae and Sashimi were found. Moreover, 14 recipes for rice cakes, two recipes for Korean cookies and three recipes for drinks were found. Seven recipes for wine, including plain rice wine, medicated wine and flavored wine, were also found. Finally, four different soy sauces Jibjang (a kind of soy sauce paste), hot pepper paste, Cheonggukjang (fast-fermented been paste), and Jeupjihi and roasting hot pepper paste were observed.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.735-746
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• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Metabolic syndrome is closely associated with lifestyle factors, including diet and nutritional intake. Modern trends show a shift in food consumption from healthy home-cooked meals to processed and instant foods. Therefore, this study analyzed the association between ultra-processed food intake and the development of metabolic syndrome in Korean adults based on the data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2013-2018. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The subjects of this study were 17,414 adults aged 19-80 years who participated in the 6th-7th KNHANES. Processed food was classified into four categories, NOVA1 to NOVA4, using 24-h recall data. The higher the NOVA category, the more processed the food. Statistical analysis was conducted using logistic regression to investigate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome according to the consumption of ultra-processed foods. RESULTS: Among the diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome, hypertension (odds ratio [OR], 0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.62-0.85; Q4 vs. Q1, P-trend < 0.001) and high triglycerides (OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.72-0.94; Q4 vs. Q1, P-trend < 0.001) showed a correlation with the percentages of energy consumed from ultra-processed foods. The OR for metabolic syndrome, according to the percentages of energy consumed from ultra-processed foods, is shown only for men. The OR showed that the percentages of energy consumed from ultra-processed foods were associated with increased metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that consumption of ultra-processed foods raises the risk of metabolic syndrome especially among men. To prevent metabolic syndrome, it is necessary to prepare appropriate dietary guidelines for Korean adults.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.529-537
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to analyze University student's dietary behavior for processed foods and recognition on food nutrition labelling according to the degree of health concern. For this study, 302 University students in Gyeonggi region was surveyed by questionnaire from May in 2016 and it included the questions about general matters, dietary behavior on processed foods, and the food nutrition label system. It was analysed by SPSS win 23.0 program. And the results are as follows. According to the result of the factor analysis, the preference of processed foods were showed 3.21~3.97. There were significant differences in milk and milk products preference according to health concern (p<0.05). Also frequency of processed foods was shown significant differences in milk and milk products, noodles, beverage, and fast food (p<0.05), whereas no significant differences were found in meat products, snack, bread and frozen food (p>0.05). Also, the processed food purchase consideration according to health concern was shown significant differences in nutrition, origin, manufacturing company (p<0.05), whereas no significant differences were found in taste, price, exterior, brand, and shelf life (p>0.05). Thus, it is necessary to do continuing public relations and to provide more opportunities for nutrition education so that the University students may obtain right dietary behavior on processed foods and the system of food nutrition indication be established properly.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제44권10호
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• pp.109-120
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• 2006

This study was conducted to provide basic data for desirable food culture by surveying the perception and utilization of Korean traditional food and fast-food from 6th grade elementary school students in the Ansan region. According to the survey, elementary school students have insufficient perception about Korean traditional food but they understand fast-food relatively well. The key factor for their concern in Korean traditional food was the mass media, while the variety of tastes and quickness were key factors of fast-food. Among the respondents, 76.0% chose Korean traditional food as more nutritious than fast-food. From the investigation of their diet situation, daily meals came out as Korean traditional food, while fast-food covered snacks and nighttime meals. Normally, just following their parents' selection was the biggest reason for going to Korean traditional food restaurants. They chose fast-food restaurants because the price is proper and they can use that place for their conversation. Among Korean traditional foods, their favorite was "Gal-bi-zim" (beef ribs stew), and among fast-food, they liked hamburger and pizza. Over 90% of male and female students ate fast-food within 30 minutes, which was less than Korean traditional food. Generally, Korean traditional food was relatively more expensive than fast food. Respondents usually went to Korean traditional food restaurants with their parents and family members, whereas they went to fast food restaurants mostly with their friends. Positive factors of Korean traditional food, in order of satisfaction, were taste, hygiene, price, and quickness, while those of fast-food, in the same order, weretaste, price, quickness, and hygiene.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2012

고속도로 휴게소의 메뉴전략을 위한 실증적 재조명을 위해 고속도로 휴게소 직원들과 이용객 대상으로 외식서비스에 관해 조사하였다. 연구결과, 대부분 휴게소의 주된 외식 메뉴는 평균 10-30개 정도의 한식이 가장 많았고, 브랜드업체의 입점 필요성은 퓨전/패스트푸드업체, 스낵/즉석식품, 음료 순으로 높게 나타났다. 휴게소 외식조리에서 전문조리사 참여비율은 10-30%이고, 주로 한식으로서 조리 시 중요시하는 음식속성은 주로 '맛'이었다. 외국인 고객은 한식, 음료. 일식/중식보다 퓨전패스트, 스낵/즉석식품을 더 선호하고 관심을 보였으며, 주문 시 질문을 '전혀 안한다(55.5%)'와 '가끔 한다(34.8%)'로 답해 질문없이 구매를 하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 휴게소에서는 외국인의 메뉴 이해를 위해 메뉴의 80-100% 정도를 사진/그림으로 이용하고 있었으나 메뉴의 외국어 표기 정확도는 매우 낮았다. 휴게소 이용객들은 고속도로 이용 시 평균이용횟수 1-2회, 평균 체류시간 10-20분(43.6%), 20-30분(38.6%)이고, 주된 교통수단은 자가용(77.7%)이며, 휴게소 방문 이유는 휴식/화장실 이용(61.1%)이 가장 높았다. 많이 이용하는 외식분야는 한식(32.7%)과 즉석/스낵(33.0%)이고, 1회 평균 지출은 5천원-1만원(51.3%), 3천원-5천원(25.8%)이었다. 또한 만족도는 성별, 연령, 교육정도와 직업에 무관하게 "보통"으로 나타났다. 이 같은 결과로 보아 고속도로 휴게소는 문제점을 분석 후 고객만족을 위한 메뉴전략과 대안을 준비해야 할 것이다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.214-221
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• 2008

This study analyzed the survey results of 302 college students from a coed university in Korea. The following three research components were examined: relationships among different eating styles, violation behaviors after unwanted eating, and consumption behaviors for three different food types. The analysis results showed that restrained eating was positively related to emotional eating, but negatively related to external eating. And emotional and external eating displayed a positive relationship. Body shape dissatisfaction was a significant variable in explaining restrained eating behavior. After unwanted eating, the restrained eaters expressed more regrets and stronger determination to diet than the less restrained eaters. The emotional eaters and external eaters responded that they could not stop eating and performed binge eating behaviors when they failed their diet. With regard to food attitudes and eating styles, snacks were favorably related to emotional eating. Fast food attitudes were negatively associated with restrained eating. Preference was the only significant variable in explaining snack consumption frequency; however sex, preference, and restrained eating were significant for fast foods. Finally, vegetarian foods were explained by preference and sex.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.339-348
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 향후 고령친화식품의 중심적인 상품군이 될 건강기능식품과 특수용도식품의 시장규모에 대한 예측을 시도하였다. 건강기능식품과 특수용도식품 중 고령친화와 관련된 시장의 범위를 설정하고 현황에 대해서 분석한 후 향후 전망에 대해서 예측하였는데, 경제성장과 민간소비지출의 변화 그리고 이에 따른 노령인구의 경제력 변화, 의료보험 및 연금저축의 변화 등을 반영하였다. 한편 관련기업들을 대상으로 한 설문조사 결과를 활용하는 한편, 노인인구의 변화 및 주요 만성질환의 발병률을 분석하여 예측에 반영하였다. 결과를 보면 2010년부터 2025년까지 건강기능식품과 특수용도식품 중 고령친화와 관련된 부문의 연평균 성장률은 최소 4.54%에서 최대 8.32%로 예측되었으며, 시장규모 예측치는 모형과 예측방식에 따라 2025년에 최소 7,073억원에서 최대 10,976억원으로 나타났다. 향후 고령친화제품의 수요는 고령인구의 증가와 보험급여 확대 등으로 크게 성장할 것으로 예상되는 반면에, 기업들은 수요의 변화를 관망하고 있는 상황으로 판단된다. 따라서 이는 자칫 수요에 비하여 부족한 공급 문제를 야기시킬 수 있다. 따라서 정부의 R&D에 대한 적극적인 지원, 고령친화식품에 대한 표준화 및 인증제 실시, 관련산업의 DB구축 등이 필요한 상황이다.