• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.118-121
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• 1997

A total of 72 Black Bengal goats of 2.5 to 3.5 and 4.0 to 6.0 years old were used in this study. Equal number of animals were included in Fasciola gigantica infected and non-infected control groups. For each age and treatment groups 18 blood samples were collected in glass vials contained EDTA anticoagulant in summer and winter seasons before the animals were slaughtered at abottoir. Packed cell volume (PCV) was determined using microhematocrit and hemoglobin (Hb) concentration by cyanmethemoglobin methods. The PCV of F. gigantica infected animals were significantly lower than the non-infected animals. The average PCV values obtained were 26.60 and 32.20% for F. gigantica infected and non-infected animals, respectively. The Hb values of infected animals were significantly lower than the non-infected animals. The average Hb values obtained were 9.17 and 10.51 gm% for F. gigantica infected and non-infected goats, respectively. There was no significant effect of age and season on the values of PCV and Hb of infected and non-infected animals.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.56 no.5
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• pp.453-461
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• 2018

The aim of this study is to delineate 'admixed hybrid' and 'introgressive' Fasciola genotypes present in the Fasciola population in Vietnam. Adult liver flukes collected from ruminants in 18 Provinces were morphologically sorted out by naked eyes for small (S), medium (M) and large (L) body shapes; and human samples (n=14) from patients. Nuclear ribosomal (rDNA) ITS1 and ITS2, and mitochondrial (mtDNA) nad1 markers were used for determination of their genetic status. Total 4,725 worm samples of ruminants were tentatively classified by their size: 6% (n=284) small (S)-, 13% (n=614) medium (M)-, and 81% (n=3,827) large (L)-forms. All the representative (n=120, as 40 each group) and 14 human specimens, possessed maternal mtDNA of only F. gigantica and none of F. hepatica. Paternally, all (100%) of the L-(n=40) and 77.5% (n=31) of the M-flukes had single F. gigantica rDNA indicating 'pure' F. gigantica. A majority (90%, n=36) of the S- and 15% (n=6) of the M-worms had single F. hepatica rDNA, indicating their introgressive; the rest (10%, n=4) of the S- and 7.5% (n=3) of the M-flukes had mixture of both F. gigantica and F. hepatica rDNAs, confirming their admixed hybrid genetic status. Fourteen human samples revealed 9 (64%) of pure F. gigantica, 3 (22%) of introgressive and 2 (14%) of admixed hybrid Fasciola spp. By the present study, it was confirmed that the small worms, which are morphologically identical with F. hepatica, are admixed and/or introgressive hybrids of Fasciola spp., and able to be the pathogens of human fascioliasis.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.177-182
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• 2013

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the potential role of the 27-Kilodalton (KDa) antigen versus Fasciola gigantica adult worm regurge antigens in a DOT-Blot assay and to assess this assay as a practical tool for diagnosis fascioliasis in Egyptian patients. Fasciola gigantica antigen of an approximate molecular mass 27- (KDa) was obtained from adult worms by a simple elution SDS-PAGE. A Dot-Blot was developed comparatively to adult worm regurge antigens for the detection of specific antibodies from patients infected with F. gigantica in Egypt. Control sera were obtained from patients with other parasitic infections and healthy volunteers to assess the test and compare between the antigens. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of Dot-Blot using the adult worm regurge were 80%, 90%, 94.1%, and 69.2% respectively, while those using 27-KDa were 100% which confirms the diagnostic potential of this antigen. All patients infected with Fasciola were positive, with cross reactivity reported with Schistosoma mansoni serum samples. This 27-KDa Dot-Blot assay showed to be a promising test which can be used for serodiagnosis of fascioliasis in Egyptian patients especially, those presenting with hepatic disease. It is specific, sensitive and easy to perform method for the rapid diagnosis particularly when more complex laboratory tests are unavailable.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.301-303
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• 1993

Hematological value were determined from 140 Fasciola gigantica infested and 138 non-infested apparently healthy (control) zebu cattle from eight different sites of Bangladesh. The F. gigantica infested cattle have experienced of normocytic normochromic anemia indicated by the significant (p<0.01) decline of total erythrocyte count, hemoglobin level, packed cell volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and significant (p<0.01) increase of erythrocyte sedimentation rate, as compared with non-infested control animals. Values of mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin content were not differed significantly between the infested and control animals. There observed significantly (p<0.01) higher eosinophil and neutrophil counts and significantly (p<0.01) lower lymphocyte counts in fasciola infested cattle in comparison with the control animals.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.343-346
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• 1994

A research study was undertaken to quantify fascioliasis in both live and slaughtered zebu cattle at Savar, Bangladesh. Eggs of Fasciola gigantica per gram of feces (EPG) was determined in a total of 213 fasciola infested live cattle. The EPG per animal ranged from 100 to 400 (mean $138.03{\pm}4.27SE$). Counting of F. gigantica was made in a total of 63 fasciola infested livers of slaughtered cattle. Number of immature flukes per liver ranged from 0 to 37 (mean $8.74{\pm}0.85SE$) and mature flukes ranged from 2 to 121 (mean $20.54{\pm}2.23SE$). Total load of flukes recovered per liver varied from 4 to 132 (mean $29.28{\pm}2.42SE$). Significantly higher EPG (p < 0.05) and higher load of flukes in the livers (p < 0.01) were observed from September to December (post monsoon and winter). The EPG and fluke counts were found significantly higher (p < 0.01) in animals after one year of age and these were also higher in female animals (p < 0.05) than the males.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.114-117
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• 1997

A total of 77 Black Bengal goats (67 females and 10 males) of 3.5 to 5.0 years old between 18 and 20 kg liveweights were used in this study. The whole liver with gall-bladder from respective carcass was collected at slaughter following fecal and postmortem examinations. Tissue sections of all lobes of each liver were prepared and stained with hematoxylin and eosin following a standard procedure. Results confirmed the presence of flukes surrounded by fibrous capsule in the liver. All the animals were suffering from chronic Fasciola gigantica infections. The blood vessels in most of the liver tissue were thickened due to proliferation of fibrous tissue around them. Focal infiltration of lymphocytes in the lobules, patches of focal accumulation of neutrophils and eosinophils were found in all the liver tissue. Proliferations of new bile ductules in the hepatic trinity around the bile ducts that were clogged by the flukes were also observed in most tissue sections.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.65-68
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• 2011

A case of Fasciola gigantica-induced biliary obstruction and cholestasis is reported in Turkey. The patient was a 37-year-old woman, and suffered from icterus, ascites, and pain in her right upper abdominal region. A total of 7 living adult flukes were recovered during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). A single dose of triclabendazole was administered to treat possible remaining worms. She was living in a village of southeast of Anatolia region and had sheeps and cows. She had the history of eating lettuce, mallow, dill, and parsley without washing. This is the first case of fascioliasis which was treated via endoscopic biliary extraction during ERCP in Turkey.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 2012

Although schistosomicidal drugs and other control measures exist, the advent of an efficacious vaccine remains the most potentially powerful means for controlling this disease. In this study, native fatty acid binding protein (FABP) from $Fasciola$ $gigantica$ was purified from the adult worm's crude extract by saturation with ammonium sulphate followed by separation on DEAE-Sephadex A-50 anion exchange chromatography and gel filtration using Sephacryl HR-100, respectively. CD1 mice were immunized with the purified, native $F.$ $gigantica$ FABP in Freund's adjuvant and challenged subcutaneously with 120 $Schistosoma$ $mansoni$ cercariae. Immunization of CD1 mice with $F.$ $gigantica$ FABP has induced heterologous protection against $S.$ $mansoni$, evidenced by the significant reduction in mean worm burden (72.3%), liver and intestinal egg counts (81.3% and 80.8%, respectively), and hepatic granuloma counts (42%). Also, it elicited mixed $IgG_1/IgG_{2b}$ immune responses with predominant $IgG_1$ isotype, suggesting that native $F.$ $gigantica$ FABP is mediated by a mixed Th1/Th2 response. However, it failed to induce any significant differences in the oogram pattern or in the mean granuloma diameter. This indicated that native $F.$ $gigantica$ FABP could be a promising vaccine candidate against $S.$ $mansoni$ infection.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.641-645
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• 2015

Fascioliasis, a food-borne trematode zoonosis, is a disease primarily in cattle and sheep and occasionally in humans. Water dropwort (Oenanthe javanica), an aquatic perennial herb, is a common second intermediate host of Fasciola, and the fresh stems and leaves are widely used as a seasoning in the Korean diet. However, no information regarding Fasciola species contamination in water dropwort is available. Here, we collected 500 samples of water dropwort in 3 areas in Korea during February and March 2015, and the water dropwort contamination of Fasciola species was monitored by DNA sequencing analysis of the Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica specific mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) and nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS-2). Among the 500 samples assessed, the presence of F. hepatica cox1 and 1TS-2 markers were detected in 2 samples, and F. hepatica contamination was confirmed by sequencing analysis. The nucleotide sequences of cox1 PCR products from the 2 F. hepatica-contaminated samples were 96.5% identical to the F. hepatica cox1 sequences in GenBank, whereas F. gigantica cox1 sequences were 46.8% similar with the sequence detected from the cox1 positive samples. However, F. gigantica cox1 and ITS-2 markers were not detected by PCR in the 500 samples of water dropwort. Collectively, in this survey of the water dropwort contamination with Fasciola species, very low prevalence of F. hepatica contamination was detected in the samples.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.193-196
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• 2014

Fascioliasis is a zoonotic infection caused by Fasciola hepatica or Fasciola gigantica. We report an 87-year-old Korean male patient with postprandial abdominal pain and discomfort due to F. hepatica infection who was diagnosed and managed by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) with extraction of 2 worms. At his first visit to the hospital, a gallbladder stone was suspected. CT and magnetic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) showed an intraductal mass in the common bile duct (CBD) without proximal duct dilatation. Based on radiological findings, the presumed diagnosis was intraductal cholangiocarcinoma. However, in ERCP which was performed for biliary decompression and tissue diagnosis, movable materials were detected in the CBD. Using a basket, 2 living leaf-like parasites were removed. The worms were morphologically compatible with F. hepatica. To rule out the possibility of the worms to be another morphologically close species, in particular F. gigantica, 1 specimen was processed for genetic analysis of its ITS-1 region. The results showed that the present worms were genetically identical (100%) with F. hepatica but different from F. gigantica.