• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• 제27권4호
• /
• pp.240-255
• /
• 2024

Widas Reservoir is situated in an area of 570 ha in the Pajaran Village, Madiun Regency, East Java Province, Indonesia, playing an essential role in fisheries, with the average fish catch per year of about 283 tons/year. This study explores the standing stock, growth parameters, mortality, and exploitation rates of several dominant fishes in Widas Reservoir. This study was carried out from February to November 2019. Fish stocks were estimated using acoustic tools, fish catch records, and sizes collected by local enumerators. Fish length frequency sampling was conducted on several dominant fish species, such as Oreochromis niloticus, Barbonymus gonionotus, and Osteochilus vittatus. Based on the length-frequency data, estimating fish population dynamics, the fish population dynamics (infinitive length (L_∞) and growth coefficient (K)) estimation was run in a time series using the Fish Sock Analysis Tool, II (FISAT II) program package. Moreover, the estimation of natural mortality parameters, the fishing mortality parameter, and the exploitation rate was also performed. The approximated overall fish stock in the Widas Reservoir was about 79,848 kg, which lowered with the increase in water depth. Of particular concern, in the surface layer at a depth between 1-5 m, the fish stock reached 58,813 kg, while in the deeper zone (> 15 m), the value significantly lowered by about 98%, reaching 1,219 kg. These results indicate an overfishing in the Widas Reservoir. The value of the exploitation rate (E) of B. gonionotus was 0.748, O. niloticus 0.8, and O. vittatus 0.7, respectively, proving the overfishing states occurred in the study area. Therefore, regulations governing the number of catches and the use of fishing gear are crucial in Widas Reservoir, particularly the use of lift and gill nets with a mesh size of less than 2 cm.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제25권5호
• /
• pp.690-700
• /
• 2012

The experiment was conducted by in vitro fermentation and bacterial community analysis to investigate the reduction of odorous compounds in response to the use of feed additives (FA) during carbohydrate overload in growing pigs. Soluble starch at 1% (control) and various FA at 0.1% Ginseng meal (FA1); Persimmon leaf (FA2); Gingko nut (FA3) and Oregano lippia (FA4) were added to fecal slurry and incubated anaerobically for 12 and 24 h. In vitro parameters and microbial diversity of the dominant bacteria following fermentation were analyzed using Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE), band cloning and sequencing of the V3 region. Results showed that total gas production increased with the advancement of incubation (p<0.05). pH values of FAs and control groups were decreased except the FA4 group which increased somewhat from 12 to 24 h (p<0.05). Ammonia nitrogen ($NH_3$-N) and $H_2S$ gas concentrations were comparatively lower in both stages in FA4 treatment than in the other groups (p<0.05). Hence, $NH_3$-N concentrations in liquid phases were increased (p<0.05) from 12 to 24 h, but the trend was lowest in FA4 than in the other groups at both stages. The total VFA production was comparatively lower and butyrate levels were moderate in FA4 group than in the the other groups during both stages (p<0.05). Indirect odor-reducing compounds such as $NO_2$, $NO_3$ and $SO_4$ concentrations were higher in the FA4 and FA3 than in the other groups at 24 h (p<0.05). After fermentation, ten dominant bands appeared, six of which appeared in all samples and four in only the FA4 treated group. The total number of DGGE bands and diversity was higher in the FA4-group compared to other groups. Additionally, similarity indices were lowest (71%) in the FA4, which represented a different bacterial community compared with the other groups. These findings indicate that $NH_3$-N, $H_2S$ and VFA production was minimal, and pH was also better in the FA4 group than in the other groups. Furthermore, the conversion of odor-reducing indirect compounds or their intermediates was higher in the FA4 group in compared to the other groups. FA4 group generated less odorous products and more indirect products by in vitro fermentation at 24 h, and their microbial pattern appeared to differ from that of the other groups. These findings suggest that this particular FA could change the microbial population, which may have a beneficial effect on odor reduction. It is recommended that the oregano lippia may be supplied to growing pigs as FA along with excess carbohydrate sources to reduce the production of odorous compounds.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제33권1호
• /
• pp.15-24
• /
• 2023

잡곡 류에 속하는 기장(Panicum miliaceum L.)의 항암 효과를 알아보기 위해, 기장의 종자를 80% 에탄올(EtOH)로 추출하였으며, 이를 감압 농축하여 건조시키고 재차 물에 녹인 후 4가지 유기용매(헥산, 메틸렌크로라이드, 에틸아세테이트 및 부탄올)로 순차적으로 추출 분획하였다. 다양한 인간 암세포에 대하여 80% 에탄올 추출물의 세포독성을 조사한 결과, 인간 유방암 세포주 MDA-MB-231에 대한 세포독성 효과가 가장 강하게 나타났다. 또한 에탄올 추출물 유래 각 유기용매 분획들 중에서 세포독성이 가장 높게 나타난 부탄올 분획을 사용하여, 유방암 세포주 MDA-MB-231에 대한 아폽토시스성 세포사멸 유도 효과를 조사하였다. 그 결과로서, BAK/BAX 활성화, 미토콘드리아 막 전위(Δψm) 손실, 미토콘드리아 시토크롬 c 방출, 카스파아제-8/-9/-3의 활성화, PARP의 분해, 그리고 TUNEL-양성 아폽토시스성 DNA 단편화와 같은 아폽토시스 반응들이 검출되었다. 한편, 인간 급성백혈병 Jurkat T 세포의 A3 클론(야생형), I2.1 클론(FADD-결손형) 및 I9.2 클론(카스파아제-8 결손형)은 부탄올 분획의 세포독성에 대해 유사한 감수성을 나타내었는데, 이는 부탄올 분획의 아폽토시스 유도 활성에는 외인성 아폽토시스 기전이 관련되지 않음을 시사한다. 흥미롭게도, 인간 정상 유방 상피세포 MCF-10A는 유방암 MDA-MB-231세포에 비해 부탄올 분획의 세포독성에 대하여 훨씬 낮은 감수성를 보였다. 이러한 연구결과는 기장 종자 유래 부탄올 분획의 인간 유방암 세포주 MDA-MB-231에 미치는 세포독성효과는 BAK/BAX 활성화에 따른 미토콘드리아 외막 손상 및 시토크롬 c 방출, 이에 수반되는 카스파아제 활성화에 의해 매개됨을 보여준다.