• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.739-746
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• 2016

A total of 152 pig farms were randomly selected from the five provinces in South Korea. During the experiment, the average temperature and relative humidity was $24.7^{\circ}C$ and 74% in summer and $2.4^{\circ}C$ and 53% in winter, respectively. The correlation between floor space allowance (FSA) and productivity index was analyzed, including non-productive sow days (NPD), number of weaners (NOW), survival rate (SR), appearance rate of A-grade pork (ARA), and days at a slaughter weight of 110 kg (d-SW) at different growth stages. The objectives of the present study were i) to determine the effect of FSA on the pig productivity index and ii) to suggest the minimum FSA for pigs based on scientific baseline data. For the pregnant sow, NPD could be decreased if pregnant sows were raised with a medium level (M) of FSA (3.10 to $3.67m^2/head$) while also keeping the pig house clean which improves hygiene, and operating the ventilation system properly. For the farrowing sows, the NOW tended to decrease as the FSA increased. Similarly, a high level of FSA (H) is significantly negative with weaner SR of farrowing sows (p-value = 0.017), indicating this FSA tends to depress SR. Therefore, a FSA of 2.30 to $6.40m^2/head$ (very low) could be appropriate for weaners because a limited space can provide a sense of security and protection from external interruptions. The opposite trend was observed that an increase in floor space (> $1.12m^2/head$ leads to increase the SR of growing pigs. For the fattening pigs, H level of FSA was negatively correlated with SR, but M level of FSA was positively correlated with SR, indicating that SR tended to increase with the FSA of 1.10 to $1.27m^2/head$. In contrast, ARA of male fattening pigs showed opposite results. H level of FSA (1.27 to $1.47m^2/head$) was suggested to increase productivity because ARA was most affected by H level of space allowance with positive correlation ($R^2=0.523$). The relationship between the FSA and d-SW of fattening pigs was hard to identify because of the low $R^2$ value. However, the farms that provided a relatively large floor space (1.27 to $1.54m^2/head$) during the winter period showed d-SW was significantly and negatively affected by FSA.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.7-12
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• 2002

본 연구는 2001년 5월과 7월에 순천지역의 한 농장을 대상으로 종모돈 64두와 미국의 SGI회사로부터 직수입된 동결정액을 가지고 인공수정시 정액의 형태와 방법이 종모돈의 번식성적에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 실시한 바, 그 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같았다. 1. 일반적인 액상정액을 이용한 인공수정과 자궁내 이식기구를 이용한 동결정액의 이용이 번식성적에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과는, 분만율에서는 액상정액을 이용한 처리구 (86.4%)가 동결정액을 이용한 처리구 (67%)보다 높게 나타났다. 산자수와 이유두수는 동결정액을 이용한 처리구 (9.7 및 9두)가 액상정액을 이용한 처리구 (9.29 및 8.8두)보다 높은 수치를 보였으나 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 2. 동결정액을 모돈의 산차별로 구분하고 인공수정하여 얻은 분만율에서는 3∼5산차에서 6두를 공시하여 6두 모두 임신에 성공하여 100%의 분만율을 보였으나, 6∼10산차에서는 4두를 공시하여 1두만이 분만되었다. 그리고 산자 수와 이유두수에서 0∼2산차 (11.3 및 9.3두), 6 ∼ 10산차 (8 및 8두)로 산차가 높을수록 전체적인 번식성적이 낮아지는 수치를 보였으나 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 이상의 결과에서 동결정액을 이용한 인공수정시 자궁심부까지 주입하는 자궁내 인공수정 기술을 이용함으로 임신율과 산자수수 및 이유 두수에서 신선정액을 자궁경관에 주입하는 인공수정방법과 유의차를 보이지 않았을 뿐만 아니라 대등한 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 동결정액은 자궁내 인공수정기술 방법과 함께 이용 할 수 있는 그 가능성을 제시할 수 있다고 판단되었다.

• 동물자원연구
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.158-165
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• 2018

본 연구는 Canada에서 수입한 동결정액으로 인공수정된 모돈의 번식성적을 조사하여 동결정액을 이용한 인공수정(동결정액 인공수정)의 효율을 개선할 수 있는 통찰력을 얻기 위해 수행되었다. 이를 위해 A(GGP) 농장에서 2016년 5월과 9월 사이 총 626회의 동결정액 인공수정과 B(GGP) 농장에서 2015년부터 2017년 기간 동안 수행한 총 2,429 동결정액 인공수정의 결과 기록을 분석하였다. A종 돈장에서 동결정액을 썼을 때 총산자수 및 실산자수는 9월 보다 5월에 높았다(p<0.05). B종돈장의 분만율, 총산자수 및 실산자수는 조사연도 간에 차이가 없었다. A종돈장 결과와 B종돈장 결과를 통합하여 분석했을 때, 분만율은 A종돈장이 높았으나(p<0.01) 총산자수와 실산자수는 두 종돈장간에 차이가 없었고, 동결정액 인공수정을 했을 때가 액상정액 인공수정을 했을 때보다 낮았다(동결정액:액상정액 인공수정에 대한 총산자수와 실산자수는 각각 $10.9{\pm}0.3:13.4{\pm}0.1$두 및 $10.0{\pm}0.3:12.0{\pm}0.1$두 이었음; p<0.01). 결론적으로, 이상의 결과는 동결정액 인공수정이 액상정액 인공수정보다 번식 효율이 낮긴 하지만 연중 적절한 시기에 동결정액 인공수정을 실시하면 번식 효율이 증가될 수도 있음을 시사한다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.149-153
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• 2017

Objective: This study was to determine the relationship between estimated breeding value and phenotype information after farrowing when juvenile selection was made in candidate pigs without phenotype information. Methods: After collecting phenotypic and genomic information for the total number of piglets born by Landrace pigs, selection accuracy between genomic breeding value estimates using genomic information and breeding value estimates of best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) using conventional pedigree information were compared. Results: Genetic standard deviation (${\sigma}_a$) for the total number of piglets born was 0.91. Since the total number of piglets born for candidate pigs was unknown, the accuracy of the breeding value estimated from pedigree information was 0.080. When genomic information was used, the accuracy of the breeding value was 0.216. Assuming that the replacement rate of sows per year is 100% and generation interval is 1 year, genetic gain per year is 0.346 head when genomic information is used. It is 0.128 when BLUP is used. Conclusion: Genetic gain estimated from single step best linear unbiased prediction (ssBLUP) method is by 2.7 times higher than that the one estimated from BLUP method, i.e., 270% more improvement in efficiency.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.191-194
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• 2002

The nursing vocalization of domestic pigs(Landrace$\times$Yorkshire) was investigated with respect to common features. All vocalizations uttered during nursings in 5 sows at 5 days after farrowing were recorded and 305 grunts were processed in a spectrograph. The sow's repeated grunting during nursing can be regarded as a contact call and a signal of the mother to start and synchronize the suckling behavior of the piglets. Analysis in the time domain revealed the gross structure of the call, whereas in the frequency domain the fine structure of single grunts was investigated. Nursing interval, duration of nursing behavior, duration of grunt, grunt rate per 10 seconds, fundamental frequency, 1 formant, 2 formant, 3 formant, 4 formant and spectrum were investigated. The results showed that mean interval between the nursing following one another was 25, 4.6 min and duration of nursing behavior was 3.2 $\pm$ 0.7 min. Average duration of grunt was 203.9 $\pm$ 63.6 ms. The formant contours could be identified. The nursing behavior might be disturbed by the grunts of alien sow.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.749-754
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• 2017

Objective: The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of farrowing month (FM), parity and sex on the growth performance of Berkshire swine raised in alternative production systems. Methods: A total of 40 farrowing records from 27 sows and 1,258 body weight (BW) records from 274 piglets collected over a two-year period were used for the analysis. The BWs were recorded at birth, weaning (28 d), 56, 84, 112, and 140 days. Any BW not recorded on schedule was recalculated to conform the days of age among corresponding BW records, using growth curves drawn with polynomial functions whose power was determined by the number of existing observations for each individual. Results: The mean parity (${\pm}$standard deviation) of the sows was $3.42{\pm}2.14$. The sows that farrowed in June had the lowest number of total born with an average of $6.25{\pm}2.22$ piglets per sow. However, the lowest average number of piglets weaned at day 28 was found in sows that farrowed in May, as well as the highest number recorded for the stillborn piglets with an average of 2.67 piglets per sow. Moreover, the smallest increase in weight from birth to weaning occurred in piglets that were farrowed in May, which also corresponds with the average daily gain (ADG) of 0.29 kg and the last recorded weight measurement on day 140 of $41.69{\pm}1.45kg$. Contrastingly, the highest growth rate was found among pigs farrowed in June, with the largest increase in weight of 7.55 kg from birth to weaning, the highest ADG of 0.51 kg from birth to 140 day of age and the highest BW of $74.70{\pm}1.86kg$ recorded on day 140. Conclusion: Pigs farrowed in June also had the least number of piglets that died between birth and weaning. The zone of thermal comfort found in sows reared in indoor confinement systems did not improve the reproductive performance of the sows reared in an outdoor, alternative production system, while the growth performance of the piglets was improved when the ambient temperature was consistently hot or consistently cold.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.99-108
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• 2010

지열냉방시스템을 분만돈사에 적용하여 냉방효과 및 분만돈과 자돈의 생산성을 조사하였다. 처리구는 지열냉방돈사와 관행돈사로 2개로 나누였으며, 돈사당 각각 모돈 48두씩를 수용하여 하절기 4주간 시험을 실시하였다. 시험결과, 외부기온이 $33.0^{\circ}C$ 이상으로 더운 날에는 냉방을 위한 지하수 순환량이 많이 소요되어 최고기온과 지하수 순환량이 아주 밀접한 정의 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 지열냉방 돈사의 온 습도 변화의 경우 최고기온은 관행돈사에 비하여 낮게 유지되고, 최저기온도 많이 떨어지지 않아 일교차가 훨씬 적었다. 미세먼지 입자가 상대적으로 큰 PM 10은 지열냉방돈사가 관행돈사에 비하여 최고 61.4% (111.1 vs 42.9) 까지 감소되었다. 그러나 작은 입자의 분진은 오히려 지열 냉방구에서 약간 높은 경향이었다. 암모니아가스 배출량의 경우 지열냉방돈사는 관행돈사에 비하여 유의하게 (p<0.05) 감소하였다. 총 3회에 걸쳐 측정된 임신돈의 호흡수는 지열냉방돈사에서 유의적으로 (p<0.05) 감소하였고, 에피네프린과 노르에피네프린 호르몬의 경우에 지열냉방돈사에서 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 이유시 체중은 지열 냉방돈사가 관행돈사에 비하여 유의적으로 (p<0.05) 증가하였으며, 여름철 모돈의 사료 섭취량은 관행돈사에서 유의적으로(p<0.05) 감소하였다. 따라서 지열냉방시스템은 여름철 분만사의 온 습도를 낮게 유지시킬 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 분진, 암모니아 가스 발생량 빛 모돈의 호흡수 감소에 영향을 주어 모돈과 포유자돈의 생산성을 개선시킬 수 있다.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.127-133
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• 2008

The objective of this study was two folds: to investigate the relationship between paternal identification rate and sperm quality parameters such as motility and sperm chromatin structure assay after heterospermic insemination; to see if mutual complement between tests and development of useful technique to enhance the fertility in artificial insemination. In individual boar's fertilizing ability, 3 high fertility boars showed significantly high fertility (p<0.05) compared to 3 low fertility boars, but there was no difference in litter size between two groups. Sperm motility test in pooled and individual semen using computer assisted sperm analysis (CASA) revealed that no significant difference among boars. The high fertile boar showed tendency of low %Red (High red fluorescence/green+red fluorescence) in sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA) but paternal identification rate from piglets did not differ after heterospermic insemination. The correlation coefficient between individual or pooled semen function test and farrowing rates were well correlated as follows: %Red with litter size (r= - 0.53, p=0.03); %Red with paternal identification rates (r=-0.51, p=0.03); paternal identification rates with litter size (r=0.57, p=0.02). These results indicate that sperm chromatin structure assay and sperm quality parameter test in pooled semen are useful method to predict and evaluate the fertilizing capacity after heterospermic insemination in boars.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.237-244
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• 2018

Objective: Piglet pre-weaning mortality is an important variable indicating the efficacy of farrowing management and animal well-being during lactation. The present study determined the association of newborn traits measured soon after birth with piglet pre-weaning mortality and growth. Methods: In total, 805 piglets born from 57 multiparous sows were investigated. Their blood oxygen saturation, blood glucose and rectal temperature at 24 h after birth (RT24h) were monitored. Birth order, sex, skin color, integrity of the umbilical cord, attempts to stand and birth intervention were monitored. Piglets were weighed at day 0, 7, and 21 to evaluate average daily gain (ADG). Results: Piglet pre-weaning mortality for lactation period was 12.6% and cumulative mortality during the first 7 days of age was 8.6%. A higher proportion of piglets with pale skin color died compared to piglets with normal skin color (26.7% vs 7.7%, p<0.001). A higher (p<0.001) proportion of piglets that attempted to stand after 5 min (38.5%) died compared to piglets that attempted to stand within 1 min (6.3%) after birth. Piglet body weight at birth ($BW_B$), blood glucose and the number of piglets born alive (BA) were correlated with ADG (p<0.05). Piglets with $BW_B$ <1.30 kg had higher (p<0.001) mortality rate than piglets with $BW_B{\geq}1.80 kg$ (19.0% vs 3.3%) and piglets with $BW_B$ 1.30 to 1.79 kg (4.0%). Piglet with RT24h <$37.0^{\circ}C$ had higher (p<0.001) mortality rate (86.2%) than piglets with RT24h >$38.5^{\circ}C$ (3.9%). Conclusion: Low $BW_B$ and low RT24h compromise piglet survival during the lactation period in the tropical conditions. Piglets in the litters with a high BA, low $BW_B$ and low blood glucose have reduced ADG.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2009

본 연구는 충남 당진군소재 대규모 양돈장에서 2007년 7월 1일부터 2008년 6월 30일까지 762복의 후보모돈에 대한 실내 외 돈방별 사육환경이 초산차 번식 및 이유형질에 미치는 효과를 조사 분석하여 양돈농가의 모든 생산성 향상을 위한 기초 자료를 제공하고자 실시하였으며, 그 연구한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 실내 외 사육장소간에는 유의한 차이없이 서로 비슷한 임신기간으로 각각 116.11일과 116.12일로 나타났다. 분만율은 운동장사육 후보돈에서 92.54%로 군사방 후보모돈 91.57% 보다 약간 높은 경향이었으나, 두 집단간에 유의성은 없었다. 2. 총산자수는 운동장사육 모돈 10.44두, 군사돈방 모돈 9.46두와 포유개시두수는 운동장사육 모돈이 9,77두, 군사돈방 모돈이 8.59두로 조사되었다. 운동장사육 후보모돈에서 군사돈방 후보모돈 보다 총산자수는 0.98두, 그리고 포유개시두수는 1.18두로 유의하게 양호한 성적을 보였다(p<0.001). 3. 사산수(율)는 운동장 후보모돈이 0.22두(2.10%), 군사돈방 후보모돈이 0.33두(3,53%)로 운동장사육 후보 모돈이 유의하게(p<0.01) 양호하였다. 운동장사육 후보모돈과 군사돈방 모돈의 도태두수는 각각 0.23두(2.27%)와 0.26두(2.77%)로써 서로 비슷한 성적을 보였다. 그리고 미이라 발생두수에서도 운동장과 군사돈방이 각각 0.21두(2.0%)와 0.28두(2,29%)로 사육 돈방간에 유의성 없이 비슷한 결과를 보였다. 4. 이유두수는 군사돈방보다 운동장에서 사육한 후보모돈이 1.22두가 유의적으로(p<0.001) 높은 성적을 보였다. 이유일령은 운동장과 군사돈방에서 각각 22.39일과 23.21일로써, 군사돈방 후보모돈보다 운동장 사육 후보모돈에서 유의적으로 짧았다(p<0.001). 자돈 이유육성율은 운동장과 군사돈방 후보모돈에서 각각 97.13%와 96.65%로 두 사육집단간에는 유의성 있는 차이는 없었다. 이상의 결과를 보면 군사돈방에서 사육한 후보모돈보다 운동장사육 후보모돈이 초산차의 번식능력이나 이유성적 등이 비교적 양호한 것으로 나타났다.