• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.3943-3955
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• 1975

The purposes of this study are to evaluate the utilization characteristics of electrical power consumption, to grasp the present trends in the use of electrical equipments, to estimate the demand factor and load factor being held, and to evaluate the efficiency of electical uses for the recently electrified farms cultivating paddy rice. For the purposes, 109 sample farms located in eleven villiages electrified in six different years from 1968 to 1973, were chosen at random and investigated on 35 items concerning to electrical uses and wiring systems. The survey was carried out in 1975, in the vinicity of Suweon city. The results are summarized as follows: i) The average annual power consumption on sample farms is considered to be low, being 242.9 Kwh. in 1974, and varied according to the different electrified year and size of cultivated land, respectively. It has significant positive correlation to the area of farm, too. ii) Between the number of year of electrical uses and the power consumption, there is very significant positive correlation, which could be expressed as Y=43.041+16.108 X, where X represents the number of years of electrical uses. The annual increment of power consumption is much greater at the beginning of the electrification than that at the later years, its average being approximately 20 percent. However, it is recommended that any estimation of long-term increments should be carefully investigated. iii) The monthly power consumption varies considerably throughout a year, in which the heaviest farm load occurs in November. Observing the seasonal variation of consumption, the winter-time is the heaviest season while the summer is the lowest. The result implies house lighting is chief contribution to the present electrical consumption on the farms. Comparing the variation of monthly consumption ratios between the sample farms and industries, the electrical uses on the farms are independant of the industrial uses, and further, the agricultural uses are of inverse pattern to the farms from the results that there is negative correlationship between them, iv) The number of electrical equipments used on the farms are occupied chiefly by lighting sources. Next to the lighting sources, household appliances of small quantity and some motors are used. The mean electrical quantity is about 1, 127.4 watt, which corresponds to about 37.6 per cent to the contracted quantity. The composition of quantity is chiefly occupied by the electrical motor of about 1.5 hp., single-phased. The number of the annual utilization hours of each equipment is tabulated in Table IV-5. In contradiction to the high utilization of lighting sources and small household appliances, the motor is poorly used for approximately 22 hours in a year. v) More than 55 per cent of farms want to purchase new electrical equipments such as small household appliances and electrical motors in their number. The impulse of purchasing such items is stimulated by the contacts to the mass media and their knowledge on such equipments. Consequently, the increase of electrical uses could be prompted by such trials as education and demonstration. vi) The demand and load factors on the farms vary considerably according to the greater variation of the power consumption, daily or monthly. The daily demand factor is 22.4 per cent and load factor 18.6 per cent, while the annual demand factor is 1.3 per cent and load factor 70 per cent approximately. Therefore, the low efficiency of construction cost requires re-evaluation of the present contracted quantity of 3 Kw. or increase of electrical uses. vii) The electrical energy on the farms devoted chiefly to lighten the farm residences does not contribute to the farm incomes. Consequently, the cost of electrical consumption presses considerably upon the farm economy. Therefore, there is great need to build up the electrical uses on the farms through the development of new works and techinques to utilize any electrical equipments on the production of farm products. Further more, such the development should be related to increase the actual income of the farm consumers.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.103 no.4
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• pp.639-645
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• 2014

This study was conducted to evaluate the management efficiency of oak mushroom farms in Korea using the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), which is one of the non-parametric estimation methods. The data that was analyzed in this study was from the result of 2013 survey entitled "Standard Diagnostic Table for Oak Mushroom Management", which was conducted from March 2012 to October 2012. This survey was based on the inputs and outputs of 20 oak mushroom farms. Specifically, this study analyzed the technical efficiency, pure-technical efficiency and scale efficiency using CCR and BCC model of the DEA methods. Furthermore, this study compares the management efficiency between the full time oak mushroom production farms and part time oak mushroom production farms. Results showed that mean value for the technical efficiency was 0.655 which is considered as inefficient in general. For the pure-technical efficiency and scale efficiency, the mean values were 0.830 and 0.747, respectively which showed that inefficiency in the management was observed in the mushroom farms. Results also showed that there were seven farms with a total efficiency of 1, namely Decision Making Unit(DMU)2, DMU5, DMU6, DMU8, DMU10, DMU15 and DMU20. The management efficiency of DMU7 specifically the inputs for production was analyzed and compared to DMU5 and DMU6 and results showed that the DMU7 had an excessive inoculation and site development cost. Lastly, it was also observed that the full time mushroom production farms were more efficient as compared to the part time mushroom farms because of the lower scale efficiency value or smaller area for mushroom production allotted in the part time farms.

• Agribusiness and Information Management
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.17-26
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• 2016

India is largest producer of banana in the world producing 29.72 million tonnes from an area of 0.803 million ha with a productivity of 35.7 MT ha-1 and accounted for 15.48 and 27.01 per cent of the world's area and production respectively (www.nhb.gov.in). In India, Tamil Nadu leads other states both in terms of area and production followed by Maharashtra, Gujarat and Andhra Pradesh. In Rayalaseema region of Andhra Pradesh, Kurnool district had special reputation in the cultivation of banana in an area of 5765 hectares with an annual production of 2.01 lakh tonnes in the year 2012-13 and hence, it was purposively chosen for the study. On $23^{rd}$ November 2003, the Government of Andhra Pradesh has commenced a comprehensive project called 'Andhra Pradesh Micro Irrigation Project (APMIP)', first of its kind in the world so as to promote water use efficiency. APMIP is offering 100 per cent of subsidy in case of SC, ST and 90 per cent in case of other categories of farmers up to 5.0 acres of land. In case of acreage between 5-10 acres, 70 per cent subsidy and acreage above 10, 50 per cent of subsidy is given to the farmer beneficiaries. The sampling frame consists of Kurnool district, two mandals, four villages and 180 sample farmers comprising of 60 farmers each from Marginal (<1ha), Small (1-2ha) and Other (>2ha) categories. A well structured pre-tested schedule was employed to collect the requisite information pertaining to the performance of drip irrigation among the sample farmers and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model was employed to analyze the performance of drip irrigation in banana farms. The performance of drip irrigation was assessed based on the parameters like: Land Development Works (LDW), Fertigation costs (FC), Volume of water supplied (VWS), Annual maintenance costs of drip irrigation (AMC), Economic Status of the farmer (ES), Crop Productivity (CP) etc. The first four parameters are considered as inputs and last two as outputs for DEA modelling purposes. The findings revealed that, the number of farms operating at CRS are more in number in other farms (46.66%) followed by marginal (45%) and small farms (28.33%). Similarly, regarding the number of farmers operating at VRS, the other farms are again more in number with 61.66 per cent followed by marginal (53.33%) and small farms (35%). With reference to scale efficiency, marginal farms dominate the scenario with 57 per cent followed by others (55%) and small farms (50%). At pooled level, 26.11 per cent of the farms are being operated at CRS with an average technical efficiency score of 0.6138 i.e., 47 out of 180 farms. Nearly 40 per cent of the farmers at pooled level are being operated at VRS with an average technical efficiency score of 0.7241. As regards to scale efficiency, nearly 52 per cent of the farmers (94 out of 180 farmers) at pooled level, either performed at the optimum scale or were close to the optimum scale (farms having scale efficiency values equal to or more than 0.90). Majority of the farms (39.44%) are operating at IRS and only 29 per cent of the farmers are operating at DRS. This signifies that, more resources should be provided to these farms operating at IRS and the same should be decreased towards the farms operating at DRS. Nearly 32 per cent of the farms are operating at CRS indicating efficient utilization of resources. Log linear regression model was used to analyze the major determinants of input use efficiency in banana farms. The input variables considered under DEA model were again considered as influential factors for the CRS obtained for the three categories of farmers. Volume of water supplied ($X_1$) and fertigation cost ($X_2$) are the major determinants of banana farms across all the farmer categories and even at pooled level. In view of their positive influence on the CRS, it is essential to strengthen modern irrigation infrastructure like drip irrigation and offer more fertilizer subsidies to the farmer to enhance the crop production on cost-effective basis in Kurnool district of Andhra Pradesh, India. This study further suggests that, the present era of Information Technology will help the irrigation management in the context of generating new techniques, extension, adoption and information. It will also guide the farmers in irrigation scheduling and quantifying the irrigation water requirements in accordance with the water availability in a particular season. So, it is high time for the Government of India to pay adequate attention towards the applications of 'Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and its applications in irrigation water management' for facilitating the deployment of Decision Supports Systems (DSSs) at various levels of planning and management of water resources in the country.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.455-464
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• 2015

The purposes of this study are to explain and identify the frame of structural relations of learning orientation, self-efficacy, learning transfer and job performance of farmers who participated in the strong and small farms education. This is an experimental research with the data collected from 495 farmers who have taken the farm education. Based on the collected data, the study conducted a structural equation modeling(SEM) to confirm the validity and analyze the structural relations of the suggested model. Using measured and latent variables drew from the analyses, the study set a structural equation model and tested the model by analysis of the structural equation modeling with AMOS 18.0. The results found from the empirical analysis can be summarized as follows. 1) Learning orientation and self-efficacy positively influenced job performance through learning transfer. 2) The hypothesis that learning orientation would have direct impact on job performance was not supported. 3) The strong and small farms education is useful to expand learning transfer and to enhance job performance. So, government policy support has to reinforce learning support on farmers in order to achieve high performance of learning and job management through farm educations.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.45-62
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• 2022

Purpose Smart farms play a leading role in changing the safety food culture for the citizens. The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors that are important to covid 19-response in the case of ICT smart farm. To do so, we classified the factors as operating effect aspect and industrial wave effect aspect of the smart farm. Design/methodology/approach This study was conducted by visiting Geumsan County, which is attempting to perform a smart farm. Through interviewing farmers representatives based on their operational effect expectations on the smart farm, we derived the industrial crash effect factors and thereafter designed the research model. This study applied AHP, which is an expert decision-making method cans be used to measure relative importance for determining priorities. After interviewing the experts with smart farm, we obtained the factors which are important to smart farm development. Findings According to analysis, the productivity improvement factor was ranked as the most important among the operational effect items. This is consistent with the ultimate goal of smart farms with ICT convergence technology, which is increase the profitability of agriculture. The second place is the factor in the development of infrastructure and infrastructure, and the third and fifth positions were export expansion, environmentally friendly management, and job creation in terms of operational effectiveness.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.78-84
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• 2006

A high performance liquid chromatography assay method for spiramycin in fish muscle was developed. The developed method was evaluated and validated by monitoring spiramycin in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus), black rock fish (Sebastes schlegeli) and in live conger eel (Anguilla japonica) in fish farms and distribution centers. Using the developed method, the recovery rate was up to 82.4-88.8%, which was higher than that of conventional methods (77.6-87.1%). In particular, the proposed sample treatment protocol was suitable for use with fish samples to remove low molecular weight materials and pigments that could interfere an accurate analysis. The prepared stock solution was very stable, and it remained chemically stable for 5 weeks at $4^{\circ}C$. The performance limit of the developed method for spiramycin acid in fish muscle was 0.05 ppm. One hundred thirty-four fish samples including olive flounder, black rock fish and live conger eel were analyzed to evaluate the overall efficiency of the modified method and to monitor the actual condition of spiramycin usage in fish farms. Olive flounder and black rock fish were collected from fish farms in coastal areas of Korea, and live conger eels were purchased from a fish market in the Busan area from September 2001 to March 2002. According to the overall performance of the developed method, it was considered suitable for the monitoring of spiramycin in fish muscle. The suggested method of analysis for spiramycin in fish muscle is registered in the Korean Official Methods of Food Analysis and is currently tieing utilized for fishery products inspection by the Korea Food and Drug Administration and the National Fisheries Products Quality Inspection Service.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.110-122
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of perceived value on the satisfaction and revisit intention of green tea farm visitors. The sample was obtained during the three month period from May 19th, 2006 to May 21st, 2006, and out of 800 copies of questionnaire, 597 copies responded with sincerity were analyzed. First, the perceived value of visitors in green tea farms seemed to have effective relations with satisfaction. Second, the perceived value of visitors in green tea farms seemed to have effective relations with revisit intention. Empirical evidence is obtained for both regional economy and industry and the development of tourism products. Specially, findings from this study suggest that perceived value are strong predictors of revisit intention to green tea farms in Hadong-gun. Several implications for the research result and actual application practices are discussed.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.869-875
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• 2012

Because of the nature of wind, the output power of wind turbines fluctuates according to wind speed variation. Therefore, many countries have set up wind-turbine interconnection standards usually named as Grid-Code to regulate the output power of wind farms to improve power system reliability and power quality. This paper proposes three operation modes of wind farms such as maximum power point tracking (MPPT) mode, single wind turbine control mode and wind farm control mode to control the output power of wind turbines as well as overall wind farms. This paper also proposes an operation scheme of wind farm to alleviate power fluctuation of wind farm by choosing the appropriate control mode and coordinating multiple wind turbines in consideration of grid conditions. The performance of the proposed scheme is verified via simulation studies in PSCAD/EMTDC with doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) based wind turbine models.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.114-122
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• 1988

This paper aims to identify the characteristics of the tenant farm's income compared with farm household consumption. Farm household surplus is a critical criteria for the reproduction of agriculture. The degree of self sufficiency of farm household consumption according to agricultural income was rapidly decreasing for the period of 1980's. Only 78.9 percents of farm household consumption was earned by agricultural income. Tenant farms were classified according to the following characteristics; self-supported, semi self-supported, leased, deleted, over-consumption. Self-supported tenants are one of the backbones of Korea's future agriculture, because they are able to meet their household needs by only their farm work without other income producing endeavors. The rent paid by those tenants surveyed was estimated at 26.2 percents of their farm household income. However, the national average for such rental payment is equivalent to 4.7 percents of farm household income. 63 percents of paddy rental fee was paid by inkind of rice and 80 percents of the upland rental fee was paid by cash. Self-supported farms as 20 percents of total surveyed should be the target of agricultural price policy and semi self-supported & over-consumption farms as 30 percents be that of rural development policy, and the other half be that of social welfare policy.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.69-79
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• 1999

Recently, new concept and paradigm of 'Environmentally-Friendless' is taking a growing interest in environmental planning and design. This study is to develop the new approach of sustainable development, and to establish the indicators for environmentally-friendliness of "Tourism Farms" in rural areas. A questionnaire survey was conducted for deputy manager group and expert group. The environmentally-friendliness of tourism farms is composed of three categories, conservation of global environment(Low Impact), friendliness to surrounding nature(High Contact), and environmental health and amenities (Health '||'&'||' Amenity). Four indicators, such as saving of energy and water resource, reduction and reuse of garbage, natural purification of sewage disposal, and utilization of natural energy, were affecting the first category, i.e., conservation of global environment(Low Impact). And, friendliness to surrounding nature (High Contact) is affected by 3 indicators, such as contact to nature and diverse green areas, water intimate '||'&'||' contact areas, and natural ecology observation by biotope. Finally, the dimension of environmental health and amenity is affected by 3 indicators, such as nature affinity by farming experience, environmental-friendliness of soil '||'&'||' crops by organic farming, campaign and education programs of environmentally-friendliness. From the result of Importance-Performance Analysis(IPA) for 10 indicators, environmentally-friendliness was recommended as 'Concentrate Here'. And, the content validity of 10 indicators for 3 categories was examined by factor analysis. The result showed as the same as hypothetical model, which proved the validity of hypothetical model.