• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.475-490
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• 2012

Since 1997, Korean Ministry of Knowledge Economy and Ministry of Environment have established data on some 400 basic raw and subsidiary materials and process like energy, petro-chemical, steel, cement, glass, paper, construction materials, transportation, recycling and disposal etc by initiating establishment of LCI database. Regarding agriculture, Rural Development Administration has conducted establishment of LCI database for major farm products like rice, barley, beans, cabbage and radish etc from 2009, and released that they would establish LCI database for 50 items until 2020 later on. The domestic LCI database for seeds, seedling, agrochemical, inorganic, fertilizer and organic fertilizer etc is only at initial stage of establishment, so overseas LCI databases are brought and being used. However, since the domestic and overseas natural environments differ, they fall behind in reliability. Therefore, this study has the purpose to select organic farming materials, survey the production process for various types of organic farming materials and establish LCI database for the effects of greenhouse gas emitted by each crop during the process. As for selecting methods, in this study organic farming materials were selected in the method of direct observation of material and bottom-up method a survey method with focus on the organic farming materials admitted into rice production. For the basic unit of carbon emission amount by the production of 1kg of organic farming material, the software PASS 4.1.1 developed by Korea Accreditation Board under Ministry of Knowledge Economy was used. The study had the goal to ultimately provide basic unit to calculate carbon emission amount in executing many institutions like goal management system and carbon performance display system etc in agricultural sector to be conducted later on. As a result, emission basic units per 1kg of production were calculated to be 0.04968kg-$CO_2$ for oystershells, 0.004692kg-$CO_2$ for expanded rice hull, and 1.029kg-$CO_2$ for bordeaux mixture liquid.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.279-289
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• 2012

This study was conducted to survey and diagnose operation status of the agricultural machinery rental service, analyse and compare operational efficiency among 82 city and county ATDEC (agricultural technology development and extension center) using the DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) method, and recommend future direction, for improvement of the business. Input variables were invested budget and labor, and output variable was rental return. Percentages of return to investment on the rental service were calculated as 68.3% and 63.9% when analyzed with CCR (Charnes, Cooper and Rhodes) and BCC (Banker, Charnes and Cooper) models, respectively, indicating inefficiency of the service operation. Increase of rental charge would increase efficiency by 63.9~68.3% depending on models, and decrease of financial and labor investment would improve the efficiency by about 11.3%. Technical efficiency would be more important than scale efficiency, therefore adjustment of over-invested budget and labor needed to be made together with increase of rental charge to improve the operation. Among the ATDECs providing the rental service, 6 (7.3%), 43 (52.4%), and 33 (40.2%) were in state of CRS (constant return to scale), IRS (increasing return to scale), and DRS (decreasing return to scale), respectively. These indicated public aspects of the rental system, over-investment, lack of output component for input component, meaning that scale income would be increased by qualitative expand of rental charge. Efficiency analysis of the rental system by region showed that efficient ATDECs to be benchmarked by others were in the order of DMU-70, DMU-54, DMU-29, DMU-5, DMU-22, DMU-2, and DMU-61. More comprehensive and extensive survey and analyses would be necessary in the future.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.19-62
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• 1982

1. The primary purpose of this study was to analyse the current status of layer operations in Korea related to management practices and input and output relationship in egg production by surveying 150 egg producers throughout the country. Based on this primary information, this study attempted to illustrate a model layer farming budget. 2. The average size of the layer operations included in this survey was 7,969 hens per farm during the period from September 1, 1980 to August 31, 1981. However, about 80% of the producers started the layer farming with smaller scales than 3,000 layers and less funds than 10 million won during the later half of 1960s and the early half of 1970s. About 72% of the farmers were graduates from high school or college. These egg producers listed that lack of funds and poor production and management skills are the most important problems in the operation. 3. The farmers used to purchase baby chicks from the well-known hatcheries and commercial mixed feeds on one or two months' credit. While the eggs were sold to wholesalers and/or assemblers. Few of the producers market their products directly or cooperatively through the industry organization.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.1481-1498
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• 2014

Automated activity monitoring has become important in many applications. In particular, automated monitoring is an important issue in large-scale management of group-housed livestock because it can save a significant part of farm workers' time or minimize the damage caused by livestock problems. In this paper, we propose an automated solution for measuring the daily-life activities of pigs by using video data in order to manage the group-housed pigs. Especially, we focus on the circadian rhythm of group-housed pigs under windowless and 24-hour light-on conditions. Also, we derive a cost-effective solution within the acceptable range of quality for the activity monitoring application. From the experimental results with the video monitoring data obtained from two pig farms, we believe our method based on circadian rhythm can be applied for detecting management problems of group-housed pigs in a cost-effective way.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.2 no.1 s.3
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• pp.81-91
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• 1994

A living environment of filming and fishing village is on the serious conditions because of the situation of rural exodus, import of farm products from advanced nations and various other factors. This study devised an improvement project of a group village and computerized related data connected with one in order to promote poor living conditions of farmers and fishermen to the urban level. In this study, we show that we can give necessary information when we build up integration system as well as we can expect quickness and correctness of a work management with computer for related data about an production project of a group village at farming and fishing village. In addition it is show that is possible to guide management data when we undertake revision and repair of facilities rapidly and can support an intensive decision among alternative plans.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.195-202
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• 2017

This study aims to suggest the basics for the implementation of the farmstead-specific early warning system (FEWS) for weather risk management nationwide. A survey by questionnaire was conducted to examine farmer's response, and a cost-benefit analysis was made to examine the effect of the FEWS on the economy. The farmers who volunteered to participate in this survey responded that they were generally satisfied with the FEWS, and that they used it well for farming. Willingness to pay (WTP) for the early warning service was estimated to be 8,833 KRW per month by survey respondents. If the early warning service is extended to nationwide and 50% of farmers use it for six months, then the ratio of benefit to cost will be 2.2, indicating that nationwide expansion of the FEWS is very feasible.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.88 no.3
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• pp.309-319
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• 1999

This study was conducted to get forest scenic beauty management information toward forest working systems; characteristics in Larix forest stands. 35 different alternatives were simulated to visualize on basis of actual forest working methods. The options were illustrated as photos produced by computer software. Each alternatives were evaluated by 3 groups with total 593 respondents after reliability test. Visual preference evaluation was used 1 - 10 point rating scale. The ratings were scaled using SBE analysis program of RMRATE. To compare the relationship of visual preference and image scale, Spatial images of 13 thinning alternatives were measured by Semantic differential scale. In general, the respondents preferred refreshing and ordering forest stand after forest working to natural forest stand before forest working. Visual preference decreased with the increasing intensity of bare ground area and slash area in forest stand. And also, visual preference was high related to tree density, clear length of stem, and ground vegetation. Farm line of small clear cutting area was preferred straight line to curve line. Visual preferences were significant differences in certain socioeconomic variables of the respondents. Results indicate how to conduct forest working system for forest scenic beauty management.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.197-204
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• 2019

A tree-length harvesting system using the HAM300, which is mounted on a farm tractor prototype machine, have been recently introduced in South Korea for thinning old (>30 years) forests. However, no research has previously been conducted on the characteristics of residual stand damage associated with cable yarding systems on thinning treatment stands in South Korea. Therefore, there were assessed on the degree and quantity of residual stand damage caused by felling and yarding process to broaden the knowledge of residual stand damage on semi-mechanized skyline thinning operations. This study investigated scar size, direction, area, shape type and their distribution on the residual stand damage caused by felling and yarding operations. Damage to residual trees was generated for 7.4% and 6.9% of residual trees in felling and yarding operations, respectively. Damaged direction of scars was located in front-side (38.9%) and up-side (34.7%) for felling operations while the highest scar damage was found on down-side (44.6%) for yarding operations. Scar heights of felling damage were higher than those of yarding damage. In yarding operation, the most of the scars was located within l0m from the center of the skyline corridor. These results should be useful information for forest managers and landowners to reduce residual stand damages and retain valuable timber volume from thinning treatments.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.63 no.4
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• pp.23-32
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• 2021

For agricultural water management, it is essential to establish the digital infrastructure data such as agricultural watershed, irrigated area and canal network in rural areas. Approximately 70,000 irrigation facilities in agricultural watershed, including reservoirs, pumping and draining stations, weirs, and tube wells have been installed in South Korea to enable the efficient management of agricultural water. The total length of irrigation and drainage canal network, important components of agricultural water supply, is 184,000 km. Major problem faced by irrigation facilities management is that these facilities are spread over an irrigated area at a low density and are difficult to access. In addition, the management of irrigation facilities suffers from missing or errors of spatial information and acquisition of limited range of data through direct survey. Therefore, it is necessary to establish and redefine accurate identification of irrigated areas and canal network using up-to-date high resolution images. In this study, previous existing data such as RIMS (Rural Infrastructure Management System), smart farm map, and land cover map were used to redefine irrigated area and canal network based on appropriate image data using satellite imagery, aerial imagery, and drone imagery. The results of the building the digital infrastructure in rural areas are expected to be utilized for efficient water allocation and planning, such as identifying areas of water shortage and monitoring spatiotemporal distribution of water supply by irrigated areas and irrigation canal network.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.64 no.6
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• pp.1-12
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• 2022

Estuary reservoirs were artificial reservoir with seawalls built at the exit points of rivers. Although many water resources can be saved, it is difficult to manage due to the large influx of pollutants. To manage this, it is necessary to analyze watersheds and reservoirs through accurate modeling. Therefore, in this study, we linked the Hydrological Simulation Program-FORTRAN (HSPF), Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code (EFDC), and Water quality Analysis Simulation Program (WASP) models to simulate the hydrology and water quality of the watershed and the water level and quality of estuary lakes. As a result of applying the linked model in stream, R² 0.7 or more was satisfied for the watershed runoff except for one point. In addition, the water quality satisfies all within 15% of PBIAS. In reservoir, R² 0.72 was satisfied for water level and the water quality was within 15% of T-N and T-P. Through the modeling system, We applied upstream pollutant management scenarios to analyze changes in water quality in estuary reservoirs. Three pollution source management were applied as scenarios, the improvement of effluent water quality from the sewage treatment plant and the livestock waste treatment plant was effective in improving the quality of the reservoir water, while the artificial wetland had little effect. Water quality improvement was confirmed as a measure against upstream pollutants, but it was insufficient to achieve agricultural water quality, so additional reservoir management is required.